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Definition
Who- Saint from Italy
What- wrote rules for western Christian monasticism
When- 6th century
Where- Western Europe
Why- gave monks guidelines on how to live that would be followed throughout Europe |
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Definition
Who- the life of monks devoted to god
What- a total dedication for a spiritual pursuit which involve taking vows to live a religious life
When- 4th century on
Where- Western & Eastern Europe & Egypt
Why- it is still practiced today by monks and this was also a major factor in the religious & political force at the time of its origin |
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Definition
Who- Rule by Four
What- Diocletian's attempt to provide regular succession to the empire by dividing the power four ways between his son-in-laws so it would be more difficult to overthrow power
When- 3rd century
Where- Roman Empire
Why- this innovation proved successful & enduring by offering constitutional reform |
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Definition
Who- a caliph
What- a successful leader & excellent soldier who waged war with the Byzantines during his reign who proved to bring a sense of security back to his people
When- late 8th/early 9th century
Where- Middle East & Eastern Europe
Why- brought stability to muslim world |
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Definition
Who- the breakers of icons
What- opponents of the mediating use of icons or religious images in worship
When- 8th/early 9th century
Where- Byzantine Empire & Western Europe
Why- this issue started to divide Eastern & Western churches which was resulting in a religious war |
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Definition
Who- King of Franks
What- as a conqueror, religious reformer, state builder, & patron of the arts he was the Christian king able to renew European culture & reform the spiritual life of his kingdom bringing it into line with his concept of the divinely willed order
When- late 8th/early 9th century
Where- Western & Central Europe
Why- as a leader of a powerful & united Frankish kingdoms for more than 40 yrs he changed the west more profoundly than anyone since Augustus |
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Definition
Who- Knights sworn to lords
What- oaths of absolute fidelity
When- late 7th/early 8th century
Where- Europe
Why- It gave the knight who swore his loyalty a means of support through a fief |
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Definition
Who- a byzantine emperor
What- profoundly changed the nature of the Byzantine government by seeking close alliances w/ noble families
When- late 11th/early 12th century
Where- Byzantine Empire
Why- he stabilized a drowning Byzantine government & overcame a dangerous crisis which recovered military, financial, & territorial issues |
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Definition
Who- European Christians
What- religious wars of conquest directed against non-Christians & heretics
When- 11th-13th centuries
Where- Europe
Why- the crusades left a complex & troubling legacy in world civilization |
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Definition
Who- French lawyers
What- an anachronistic term used by early modern lawyers to describe medieval relations of vassalage
When- 16th & 17th centuries
Where- Europe
Why- this made what was held in fiefs more valid seeing as a feudal bond more central to a Noble's status |
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Definition
Who- European peasants
What- an efficient agricultural system where 1/3 land was planted in autumn, 1/3 remained fallow, & 1/3 was planted in spring to add nutrients to the soil
When- late 8th/early 9th century
Where- Western Europe
Why- introduced new technology for plowing which helped progress the development of crop rotations |
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Definition
Who- Europeans
What- virulent combination of bubonic, septicemic, & pneumonic plagues that destroyed 1/3 to 1/2 of the population of Europe
When- 14th century
Where- Europe
Why- since the cause of the plagues were unknown at the time the culminative effect of the disaster was a darker more somber vision of life for Europeans |
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Term
| Great Schism of the papacy |
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Definition
Who- Roman Catholic Church
What- three men claimed to be pope at once
When- 11th century
Where- Western & Eastern Europe
Why- it split the Roman Catholic Church |
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Definition
Who- The English & French
What- a series of military engagements between England and France over territorial & dynastic rivalries
When- 14th & 15th centuries
Where- Western Europe
Why- it lasted over 100 years & ended w/ both monarchies still largely intact & functional |
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