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History 1001
ROSS History 1001 Final (Chapters 7-12)
150
History
Undergraduate 1
05/02/2012
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Term
(T/F) Under Constantine, the apostles Peter and Paul symbolically replaced Romolus and Remus as the sacred patrons of Rome.
 Definition
True
Term
Jews in the Christian world
 Definition
experienced persecution and often were forced to convert to Christianity
Term
(T/F) Justinian was renowned for his tolerance of non-Christians.
 Definition
False.
Term
Theodoric the Ostrogoth
 Definition
included aristocratic Romans among his closest advisors
Term
The historical theory developed by Augustine
 Definition
shifted emphasis from Rome to the immortal "city of God."
Term
(T/F) After the fall of the western empire, Roman culture was perpetuated in Britain, ensuring its survival into the Middle Ages.
 Definition
False.
Term
(T/F) In the Great Persecution, Diocletian and Galerius forbade Jews to assemble for worship and ordered the destruction of all synagogues and sacred books.
 Definition
False.
Term
During the crisis in the 3rd century CE
 Definition
the assassination and swift succession of many Roman emperors left the borders of the empire vulnerable to barbarian attack.
Term
At the Council of Nicaea,
 Definition
bishops produced a creed that corresponds to the Athanasian belief in the nature of Jesus.
Term
What happened in December 406 that made it easier for migrating Germanic tribes to enter Roman territory?
 Definition
the Rhine River froze
Term
Historian Edward Gibbon, in explaining the fall of the Roman Empire, blamed
 Definition
weak government.
Term
The Corpus Juris Civilis
 Definition
became a pillar of Latin-speaking civilization in medieval Europe
Term
(T/F) After Roman rule in the west collapsed, Greek became the language of learning the law
 Definition
False.
Term
Which of these statements is NOT true of Constantine?
 Definition
He continued to permit polytheistic worship, and protected the polytheist temples.
Term
Which of the following was NOT conquered by Justinian as he attempted to reestablish control over the world of late antiquity?
 Definition
Alexandria
Term
What was the most important reform undertaken by Diocletian to rescue the empire from anarchy?
 Definition
He divided the empire into two administrative units, each with its own emperor and junior-level emperor.
Term
(T/F) The last emperor in the west, Romulus Augustus, was defeated and killed in a great battle with Alaric the Visigoth.
 Definition
False
Term
(T/F) Christianity succeeded in spite of its weak organizational structure.
 Definition
False
Term
(T/F) The ascetic lifestyle demands the suppression of physical needs and wants to achieve spiritual enlightenment.
 Definition
True
Term
Which of these was NOT a role filled by bishops in this period?
 Definition
they collected taxes on behalf of the emperor
Term
The fatal blow to the western half of the Roman Empire came when
 Definition
Theodosius allowed Visigoth soldiers to serve in the Roman Army within separate units, under Visigoth commanders.
Term
What was the main cause of tension between Rome and the Persian Empire in late antiquity?
 Definition
competition over Armenia and Syria
Term
(T/F) Justinian suppressed local laws throughout his territories
 Definition
True
Term
The Huns
 Definition
occupied an empire that extended from Russia to France.
Term
Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of Byzantium under the Macedonian dynasty?
 Definition
increased cooperation with Rome and the West
Term
Which figure best represents the engagement, both hostile and productive, between the Arabs and the Byzantines in the 8th century?
 Definition
the legendary Digenes
Term
The military organization of the Byzantine Empire included
 Definition
the creation of military districts called themes that acted as buffer territories in outlying provinces.
Term
(T/F) Byzantium finally collapsed in 1071, when the Seljuk Turks captured the emperor in battle.
 Definition
False
Term
Ninth-century Rus tribesman referred to ___________ as simply, the "Great City"
 Definition
Constantinople 
Term
Who occupied the top position in the institutional hierarchy of the Orthodox church?
 Definition
the Patriarch 
Term
Which is the most accurate description of the Avars?
 Definition
Starting in the 6th century, these warrior nomads created an empire in eastern Europe, beyond the borders of Byzantium.
Term
(T/F) The Wars of Apostasy led to a split between Muslim Shi'ites and Sunnis
 Definition
False
Term
Which of the following is most responsible for Arab success in battle and the rapid spread of the message of Islam?
 Definition
the camel
Term
The Iconoclastic controversy resulted in
 Definition
the excommunication of Leo III by the pope.
Term
Who were Cyril and Methodius, and what was their significance?
 Definition
They were Moravian brothers who invented an alphabet to write the Slavic language in the ninth century, and whose missionary work helped link the Bulgarians, Serbs, Romanians, and Russians.
Term
Vladimir the Great
 Definition
consolidated Kievan Rus and forced the population to convert to Orthodox Christianity
Term
(T/F) The term "Middle Ages" refers to the period between the ancient and modern civilizations from about the 5th to 15th centuries.
 Definition
True.
Term
Which of these was NOT a measure taken by Umayyad rulers to encourage long-distance trade?
 Definition
sponsoring voyages of exploration to Indonesia and the Philippines 
Term
Early Arab communities
 Definition
were polytheistic
Term
(T/F) The Roman educational system was replaced in Byzantium, resulting in a general decline in learning and the monopoly of the Church on culture and thought.
 Definition
True
Term
(T/F) The Bulgarian Khan Boris I had the murdered Byzantine emperor's skull lined with silver and turned into a drinking cup.
 Definition
False
Term
The Umayyad caliphate
 Definition
developed a highly centralized Islamic regime
Term
(T/F) Muhammad set up an independent community in Medina that was strictly regulated politically and religiously
 Definition
True
Term
(T/F) Arab traders, coming from India and Persia, contributed to the rise of the explosion of scientific knowledge in the Islamic world.
 Definition
True
Term
Which of the following is NOT one of the basic principles of Islam?
 Definition
During Ramadan, Muslims must fast between sunset and sunrise.
Term
(T/F) Photius was the first Byzantine emperor to encourage the quasi-sacred nature of his position.
 Definition
False
Term
Which of the following was NOT an issue over which Rome and Constantinople disagreed?
 Definition
The birthplace of Jesus Christ
Term
(T/F) Membership in the Islamic community depended on ethnicity.
 Definition
False
Term
(T/F) The date designation CE has replaced AD, in recognition of the fact that many individuals and societies do not practice Christianity.
 Definition
True
Term
(T/F) Carolingian rule depended upon a reliance on a standing army and the establishment of a professional bureaucracy
 Definition
False
Term
(T/F) Germanic kings demanded that Roman subjects abide by Germanic law
 Definition
False
Term
(T/F) The influence of Roman law prompted Germanic rulers to allow women to inherit land
 Definition
True
Term
Germanic kingdoms were united by
 Definition
personal loyalty to the king
Term
The Capetian dynasty established the precedent of the close relationship between the French monarchy and
 Definition
the church hierarchy.
Term
The Treaty of Verdun
 Definition
divided the Frankish kingdom among Charlemagne's three grandsons
Term
(T/F) Under Hugh Capet, highly sophisticated literature like the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle appeared in Old English.
 Definition
False
Term
Feudalism is
 Definition
the mutually beneficial relationship between lords and vassals that exchanged land for loyalty
Term
(T/F) According to Benedict's Rule, monks should live lives of service, begging for alms to benefit the needy.
 Definition
False
Term
(T/F) The First Crusade was successful more because of internal divisions within the Muslim community than because of the Crusaders' capabilities.
 Definition
True
Term
The early kingdoms of Latin Christendom grew out of bands organized around
 Definition
clans with warriors at the top that answered directly to the king.
Term
Charlemagne changed the map of Europe by
 Definition
conquering tribal lands and establishing a network of subservient kingdoms incorporated into his empire.
Term
Clovis, the Frankish king,
 Definition
converted to Latin Christianity around 500 CE, partly as justification to attack the Arian Visigoths.
Term
Judicial proceedings in the 11th and 12th century began to rely on
 Definition
courts and juries
Term
(T/F) The underlying impulse for the Crusades was the threat that Muslim armies posed to Christian peoples in the Mediterranean.
 Definition
True
Term
The greatest foes of the Lombards in Italy were the Byzantine forces in Ravenna and
 Definition
the Franks.
Term
After the Carolingians, a king ruled effectively by
 Definition
controlling the rogue lords who lived both in and outside his domain.
Term
The Synod of Whitby ensured that
 Definition
England would follow Latin Christianity.
Term
Which of the following was NOT an emerging kingdom of Latin Christendom in the Middle Ages?
 Definition
the Vandals.
Term
Latin Christianity and Orthodox Christianity grew apart in the Middle Ages primarily over
 Definition
liturgical differences
Term
(T/F) The culture contact with the Danes and Norsemen in the British Isles left a linguistic legacy that includes the epic Beowulf.
 Definition
True.
Term
(T/F) Christianity was not introduced to Ireland until the 9th century.
 Definition
False
Term
(T/F) The accomplishments of Otto the Great include the revival of the Roman Empire in the West.
 Definition
True
Term
Gregory the Great
 Definition
was the most powerful and precedent-setting of the medieval popes.
Term
The most immediate consequence of the Crusades was
 Definition
the expansion of trade and economic contacts.
Term
The internal strength of the Byzantine Empire depended on the emperor, the army, and the Roman Catholic Church.
 Definition
False.
Term
(T/F) Usury is the lending of money for interest, which was condemned by the medieval church.
 Definition
True
Term
Which of these is NOT a design characteristic of Gothic architecture?
 Definition
thick walls
Term
The greatest accomplishment of Innocent III was the
 Definition
codification of the rites of the liturgy and religious dogma at the Fourth Lateran Council.
Term
Which religious communities were particularly persecuted by the Catholic church around the 13th century?
 Definition
Cathars (also known as Albigensians) and Waldensians
Term
(T/F) The intervention of the papacy in world affairs led to an increase in its spiritual authority.
 Definition
False
Term
An increase in population after 1100 CE led to alll of the following EXCEPT
 Definition
increased power of lords, bishops, and kings.
Term
The High Middle Ages saw the rise of unified kingdoms in France and England due in part to
 Definition
the development of lasting, impersonal institutions that managed finances and administration.
Term
The Cathars
 Definition
departed from Catholic doctrine because they believed the world was created by evil forces.
Term
The 12th century Renaissance saw the creation of
 Definition
vernacular tales of romantic love.
Term
The Investiture Controversy occurred when
 Definition
Gregory VII deposed Henry IV and excommunicated him.
Term
(T/F) Canon law is the body of legal texts that governs the Catholic Church.
 Definition
True
Term
Greek texts reached Christian scholars via
 Definition
Muslims in the Middle East and North Africa, who translated the Greek originals into Arabic, and Jews in Sicily and Spain, who translated the Arabic into Latin.
Term
The Franciscan order
 Definition
was founded as a band of traveling street preachers who relied entirely on others for food and shelter.
Term
(T/F) To counter the power of the lords, French townsmen formed sworn defensive associations called communes, which evolved into city-states.
 Definition
False
Term
(T/F) Philip II of France came closest to exemplifying the moral ideals of kingship set forth in the Middle Ages.
 Definition
False
Term
(T/F) The public veneration of saints led to a thriving market in saint's bones and body parts.
 Definition

True

 

See page 313
Term
(T/F) The cult of Mary gave medieval women an alternative model to Eve with whom they could identify.
 Definition
True.
Term
Thomism is the process by which Catholics believe the bread and wine of the Eucharist are changed into the body and blood of Christ.
 Definition
False
Term
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the 12th and 13th century economic boom?
 Definition
The shift from a coin-based to bartering economy.
Term
(T/F) The first universities admitted women, a privilege later revoked during Reformation.
 Definition
False
Term
The Magna Carta
 Definition
established the principle that kings were obliged to respect the law.
Term
Which of the following was NOT a cause for the consolidation of a distinctly Western identity in the 12th and 13th centuries?
 Definition
conflict with the barbarians.
Term
Under the manorial system
 Definition
lords served as presiding judges over the community.
Term
The agricultural revolution stemmed from
 Definition
labor-saving devices, like the heavy plow.
Term
(T/F) Family life on the medieval manor was harsh, as even children were expected to engage in manual labor.
 Definition
True
Term
The unity of the Ottoman state depended on
 Definition
dynastic networks of loyalty to the sultan.
Term
(T/F) The city walls of Constantinople finally fell in 1453 due to gunpowder, the new military technology from China.
 Definition
True
Term
The Great Schism divided Europe because of doctrinal differences within the church.
 Definition
False
Term
(T/F) The failure of the timid reforms of the Council of Basel opened the way for the more radical rejection of papal authority during the Reformation.
 Definition
True
Term
The Mongol army
 Definition
relied on mobile cavalry forces and a sophisticated intelligence network.
Term
(T/F) Indulgences were certificates sold by the pope that allowed penitents to reduce their time in Purgatory.
 Definition
True
Term
(T/F) The Jacquerie led the most famous revolt in any urban center during the economic decline and depression of the Middle Ages.
 Definition
False
Term
Dante's passage through Hell in The Divine Comedy is derived from
 Definition
a long Muslim poem that reconstructed the ascent to Heaven of the Prophet Muhammad.
Term
(T/F) Creating a strong central monarchy in England was difficult because the king had effective jurisdiction over a small part of his realm.
 Definition
False
Term
The most important duty of Catholic Christians in the 14th century was to
 Definition
participate in the seven sacraments of the church.
Term
(T/F) Boccaccio's The Canterbury Tales is a model of escapist literature in a time of human suffering.
 Definition
False
Term
Which of the following is NOT true about late Medieval guilds?
 Definition
They protected the interests of the urban nobility.
Term
At the end of the 13th century, the collapse of banking stemmed from the diminished trade in
 Definition
luxury goods.
Term
Joan of Arc
 Definition
became a national symbol of pride to the French for her role in the Hundred Years' War.
Term
How did the Black Death contribute to the development of government bureaucracies?
 Definition
Enforcing quarantine and burying the dead required bureaucratic surveillance and control of human bodies.
Term
(T/F) Reliance on infantry made armies more expensive.
 Definition
True
Term
Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Hundred Years' War?
 Definition
it was a century of continuous battle.
Term
The Great Famine of the 14th century was caused by
 Definition
population outpacing the agricultural yield.
Term
The innovations of the military revolution of the 14th and 15th centuries included
 Definition
the use of gunpowder
Term
Reminders of Death in the Medieval period
 Definition
emphasized the transitory nature of life to encourage ethical behavior.
Term
(T/F) Medieval women were not permitted to engage in the arts, and made no significant contributions to literature and the arts.
 Definition
False
Term
Which of the following was NOT a common reason for medieval men and women embark on pilgrimages?
 Definition
to acquire some of the riches from conquered people in the Holy Lands.
Term
(T/F) Genghis Khan was the greatest ruler of the Mongols.
 Definition
True
Term
The Babylonian Captivity
 Definition
politicized the office of the papacy and made it subject to petty squabbles between European kingdoms.
Term
The late medieval period brought
 Definition
the systematic discrimination against certain ethnic and religious groups.
Term
Spain secured European dominance during the 15th century through
 Definition
clever dynastic marriages
Term
The reforms of Henry VII included
 Definition
confiscating noble lands.
Term
(T/F) Courtiers performed a variety of services for the court, including taking care of the royal family's wardrobe.
 Definition
True
Term
(T/F) Lorenzo Valla proved that the Donation of Constantine, which transferred imperial authority in Italy to the pope, was a forgery.
 Definition
True
Term
During the Renaissance, family life
 Definition
was, in actuality, controlled by matriarchies.
Term
The Renaissance was a cultural movement that stressed
 Definition
civic responsibility.
Term
In The Prince, Machiavelli encouraged rulers to
 Definition
engage in immoral behavior to protect the interests of the state.
Term
(T/F) During the Italian Wars, all of the city-states of Italy, except for Venice, fell under the rule of the king of Spain.
 Definition
True
Term
Patronage is the system whereby
 Definition
wealthy benefactors commissioned works of art according to their specifications.
Term
Republicanism is a
 Definition
form of government where representatives are elected by the people.
Term
Who was the greatest patron of the early Renaissance?
 Definition
Cosimo de Medici
Term
The ideal citizen of the Renaissance republic was expected to do all of the following EXCEPT
 Definition
beautify the family home and personal environment, but not the public spaces.
Term
The 15th century invention that had the most long-term significance was
 Definition
the printing press.
Term
(T/F) Philology is the art of persuasive or emotive speaking and writing.
 Definition
False.
Term
(T/F) Brunelleschi won the competition to design the doors of the Baptistry in Florence, and worked on them for 21 years.
 Definition
False
Term
(T/F) No aristocratic women achieved recognition as painters during the Renaissance
 Definition
False
Term
The founder of the historical critical perspective was
 Definition
Petrarch
Term
The Renaissance first occurred in
 Definition
Italian city-states
Term
The Wars of the Roses were fought between
 Definition
rival factions in England.
Term
(T/F) France's parliament, the Estates General, levied the taille on the French people to fund the army during the War of the Roses.
 Definition
False
Term
(T/F) Venice was a unique home to the ideals of the Renaissance, because it was governed by a despotic prince called a doge.
 Definition
False
Term
(T/F) Two tasks taken on by popes during the Renaissance were to rebuild Rome and to regain the revenues of the Papal State.
 Definition
True
Term
The humanists
 Definition
sought to resurrect classical culture through studying Latin, grammar, history and ethics.
Term
(T/F) Leon Battista Alberti was the ideal Renaissance Man.
 Definition
True.
Term
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an early modern European state?
 Definition
the establishment of local assemblies and parliaments.
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