means "allow to do," and is used in political philosophy and economics to refer to the idea that governments should have as little power as possible. Greater governmental power means more restrictions on what individual people can do. Thus, the theory goes, the less government there is the more freedom of actoin people can have.

was founded in 1865 as a charitable organization to help widows and orphans. It turned to violence in 1870 and was dismantled in 1871 by law. A second organization by the same name was founded in 1915 and yet a third incarnation surfaced during World War II. t holds that only white, heterosexual Christians deserve civil rights. Its original mandate, to reverse the equality granted African -Americans after the Civil War has expanded as the social demographics of the United States have changed. It also opposes civil rights for Jews, gays, Catholics, and other ethnic and religious groups. Today, the various local groups that make up the Klan often focus their hate speech on immigrants.

The focus of the early engagements of the French and Indian War was control of Fort Duquesne at the Forks of the Ohio (Pittsburgh).

put the world on notice not only that the land north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi would be settled but that it would eventually become part of the United States.

was the party program adopted at the formative convention of the Populist (or People's) Party held in Omaha, Nebraska in 1892 

was the 19th century American belief that the United States was destined to expand across the continent. It was used by Democrat-Republicans in the 1840s to justify the war with Mexico.Coined by John O’Sullivan.

Term used United States in the 1870s, seeking to apply the principles of Darwinian evolution to sociology, politics, and economics. It especially refers to notions of struggle for existence being used to justify social policies which make no distinction between those able to support themselves and those unable to support themselves.

3rd president of the United States elected in 1800. Tries to bring nation together. In favor of small government and establishes free trade around the world.

was an American stage actor who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington.

United Kingdom, United States, and Soviet Union.

Present during the Mexican War, but died in office, Millard Fillmore became president who signs the compromise of 185.

small American aircraft taking photos of the Soviet Union in 1960 during the Cold War, but is shot down and the pilot is captured.

an American author of children's books, best known for writing The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.

was the first American political party, from the early 1790s to 1816. John Adams and Washington were Federalists.

presented during WWII. American sent troops to Europe nations to stop communism. 

One of the most important popularizes of rock and roll during the '50s, was the first disc jockey and concert producer of rock and roll.

John Brown led raid on Harpers’ Ferry, tried to seize control of U.S. army firearms along with slaves, this event played a big role in leading up to Civil War

- Populism: reform movement, political party, compares “the people” against “the elite”, urges social and political changes

establishes direct election of U.S. senators by popular vote

- John D. Rockefeller: Gilded Age monopoly owner, Rockefeller Oil, horizontal integration – remove competition

internal tax as opposed to external, tax assessed to American colonies, documents only legal w/ “stamp” on them

- Andrew Carnegie: Gilded Age, Carnegie Steel, “Gospel of Wealth”, vertical integration – control all internal operations of company

American engineer and inventor who invented the steamboat

- “The Big Stick”: slogan of Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency, “speak softly but carry a big stick”, related to foreign policy

assumed role of presidency after McKinley assassination, youngest president in American history, attempted to move republican views towards progressivism, “trust-buster”, force behind completion of Panama Canal

peace treaty that ended War of 1812 between America and Britain

example of progressive reform, muckrakers such as Upton Sinclair (“The Jungle”) exposed corruption in meatpacking industry, food and drug act provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines