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| commander in chief, or emperor |
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| 9,000 men who had the important task of guarding the emperor |
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a dynasty that Augustus had establised.
succesors acted more as real rulers thatn as “first citizens of state”
power was taken away from the senators |
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(54-58) elimated people who he wanted out of his way
-provoked a revolt in the Roman legions
-commited suicide |
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(The Roman Peace) chief benefits of Roman Rule
-basically the prosperity of the 5 good rulers |
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established a program that provided state funds to assist poor parents in raising and educating their children
built a new forum in Rome to provide setting for his celebrated victory collumn -(both) active in constructing public works, aqueducts, bridges, roads, and harbor facilities throughout rome. |
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| a temple of “all gods”, is one the grandest ancient buildings surviving in Rome |
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gave Roman citizenship to every free inhabitant of the empire
-latin was the language of the west, greek was the east |
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the finest lyric poet in Rome produced and one of the greatest in world literature
-master at adapting and refining greek forms of poetry to express his emotion.
- wrote about political figures, social customs, use of language, death of his brother and love. |
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brought perfection to literary fashion
-famous oratory, a states man who achieved his highest goal by purshiung an active life in public affairs
-wrote “ On the Laws” and “On the Republic”
-three simple good forms of gov
- first century politician and writer |
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most distinguished poet of the Augustan age
-The Aenied-- an epic poem meant to rival the work of Homer
-ruling was Rome's gift |
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great poet of the golden age.
-liked to ridicule old Roman values
wrote frivolous love poems (Amores) intended to entertain and shock
“The Art of Love” handbook of the seduction of women |
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most famous latin historian
“History of Rome” only 35 of original 142 books have survived
percieved history in terms of moral lessons
hman character was the determining factor in history |
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| with Constantine restored order and stability to Rome -(both) expanded imperial control by strengthening and enlarging administrative gov of Rome -enlarged the army and civil service, but it drained most of the public funds -devised new economic and social policies to deal with financial burdens - eco and social policies were based on an unprecedented degree of control and coercion. Didnt turn out to well though. |
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roman general and commander of soldiers in Britain
-soldiers proclaim him emperor,has to fight Maxentius to become emperor
-before the fight Constantine prays and is spoken to by Jesus
-wins the battle, and Issues the Eddic of Milan
-Legalizes Chistianity
-establishes a new capital for for the Roman Empire Byzantine
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(Look in Notes Lec 1)
-goes and prays to any upper power. Jesus comes and talks to him
-puts a cross on all his mens sheilds
-wins the war and spreads the word of Christianity |
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| granted religious freedom to everyone in Roman Empire including Christians |
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410 they sack Rome
-vandals come poured into Spain and Africa
-German barbarians destroyed Rome and took over the Western side |
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ot killed by the Barbarians from Germany
-his death was the end of the Roman empire |
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was a Palestinian Jew
-Son of God, came to spread the word of Christianity
-killed by the jews |
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believed that the message of Jesus should be preached to everyone
responsible for founding christian communities
provided a universal foundation for the spread of Jesus's idea
taught Jesus was a savior-gpd, son of God who came to save the earth. |
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| Arasbs nomadic people who came from e northern part of the peninsula |
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| ruling member of a tribe, was selected from one of the leading families by a council of elders called the Majlis. |
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had an important religious experience, saw the angel Gabriel
-him and his followers were driven out of mecca
-became religoius, military, and political leader of Yathrib
-lead the conquest /unification of almost all of arabia
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| flight of Muhammad and his followers to Yathrib, also marks the first date on the official calender of Islam. |
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New religion is called Islam (surrender) a person who practices this religion is called a Muslim
-most important idea is called the Shahada
-you have to except this or you can't become a muslim
-there is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet
-Allah is the same as the Jewish and Christian God
-Muhammad didn't consider his self to be define, just part of a long line of prophets
-Abraham, Moses and Jesus
-Muslims didn't believe Jesus to be the Son of God
-the Koran is where all these ideas are found
Muhammad would come back from the desert and his followers would write down what he said. After he died people collected everything that was written down |
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verything that Muhammad heard from when he was in the desert he spoke to his followers about and they wrote it down.
-basic message there is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet |
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belief that Allah and Muhammad as his prophet
-standard prayer five times a day
-and a public prayer on friday midday to worship
-observation of the holy month Ramadan
-the faithful we did all this were guaranteed a okace in an eternal paradise |
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o provide believers with a set of prescriptions to regulate their daily lives
-drawn from existing legal regulations from the Hadith ( a collection of sayings) |
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| a title, the representative of Muhammad in Arabic or successor |
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Muhammad cousin and son in law
-challenged the growing empire
-voted to be the ruler, but people though that he had something to do with the death
-got assasinated |
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| the governor of Syria and one of Ali's chief rivals replaced him in office |
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| usually translated as “orthodox” |
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brought political,economic, and cultural change to the world of Islam.
-tried to break down the distinctions between Arab and non arab muslims.
-Addasid Rule: caliphate experienced a period of splendid rule.
-Under the Addaid caliphs became more regal (kings more than spiritual leaders)
-defenders of the muslim religion |
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reign is often descrbed as the golden age of the Addasid caliphate. '
-growing economic prosperity, conquered many of the rich parts of Rome and other parts of Euro, Central Asia and Africa. |
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nomadic people from Central Asia who converted Islam and flourished as military mercenaries from the Abbasid caliphate
-exerted power on the Byzantine and Egypt Empire
-viewed as barbarians brought and end to the fights between the Sunni and Shi'ite
-under Seljuk rule mislims began to organize themselves into autonomous brotherhoods, whose relative tolertnt practices characterized islamic religious attitudes |
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a series of Christian raids on islamic territories
- GET MORE INFO |
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most famous works of the Middle Eastern literature
-aka Tales from 1001 Nights
-popular in the western world
-folktales of romances of Indian and indigenous origin, interweave natural with supernatural |
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combined poetry with scientific works on mathematics and astronomy
-revised a calendar that was more accurate.
-didn't write down poems but composed to orally, which were recorded by friends
-poetry is simple and down to earth |
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ompiled a medical encyclopedia that emphasized the contagious nature of certain dieases
-showed how they could be spread though water supplies.
-became a basic medieval Euro textbook |
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| a form of religious belief that called for a mystical relationship between Allah and human beings |
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very little known about history, few written records
-Part of the three ethnic groups of Sudan. |
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| he King was Sunduata Keita |
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king first king of Malia
-first ruler in Sudan to convert to Islam |
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newphew of King Keita
-made mali the second greatest empire
-made a pilgrimage to mecca
-showed everyone how powerful and wealthy he was
-kingdom fell apart after his death |
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(Ali the Great)
-had a large army
-built a huge navy, which controlled two major rivers of Sudan
-key to success is that he new magic, started a huge empire stretching al through Sudan |
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started a rebellion against Baru
though that he was not a true victim, and he won |
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similar to the Chinese dynasty
-started off good but fell
-ran smoothly until Kubla Khan died
-Mongal Rule started to Collapse (same reason as Chinese)
-bad rulers( lazy, stupid, drank a lot)
-didn't have strong emperors, only could control emperors
-plunged nto a long rule of Anarchy
-econo falls apart, crimes rises
-constant civil war
-popularion decreases |
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| both of them were elected universal rulers |
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| both of them were elected universal rulers |
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unifed the mongol tribes
-was a buddhist, took over China
-conquered a of China for a century
mongol rule ran smoothly until he died
his army had great military tactics but they weren't huge |
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hina fell badly after the collaspe of this empire
-extended period of civil war
-confucian principles were challenges
Confucianism: ethical and philospophical system developed from the teaching of Confucious
-complex systemof moral, social, political, philosophical
-Two elements
-concept of duty: responsibility of all individuals to work hard and fullfill their assigned destiny
-idea of humanity: a sense of comparision and empathy for others. |
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attempts to set forth proper forms of behavior for human beings here on earth.
-true way to intercept the will of Heaven is not action but inaction.
-best way to act in harmony with the universal order is to act spontaneously and let nature take its course
-relationship between humanity and the universe |
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an by Li Yuan then by his son Tang Taizong
-launched a program of internal renewal and external expansion, that would make it one of the greatest dynasties
-conflict with Tibet ended with control over the north of the Himalaya's
-internal forces eventually weaken the dynasty |
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family lost their farm
-forced to wander around and beg for money and food
-joined a Buddist Monistary
-they gave him an education
-at 24 he joins up with Kuo Tzo-hsing and the criminals |
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ocal criminal leader
-gang ran parts of China
-when Chu dies he takes over Kuo organization |
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brillant) first ran by Kuo Tzo-hsting
-restores peace and prosperity..dramatic recover
-replaces the Mongols in the 14th century.
-population doubles, new crops were introduced |
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became the second Ming Emperor afer Kuo dies
-held three of Chu Ti's sons hostage, because Chu Ti is mad that his young nephew is king and not him
-disappear after the civil war |
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uncle to Chu Yun-wen
-pissed that his younger unexperienced nephew is the new emperor
-wants to start a rebellion, but Chu yun has his three sons hostage
-becomes “very sick” and ask Chu yun if he can see his sons before he dies.
-when he see's his son and magically gets better and they start a civil war and wins in 1402
-becomes new Ming Emperor in 1402 3rd one
-changes his name to Yung lo |
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led all 7 expeditions sent out by the chinese to learn about other people and other places
-cultures, religions, societies, animal life, and plant life |
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group of rulers who wanted to increase there power
-they did so by trying to do away with the feudal system |
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Many different aspects to feudalism
in every Euro country their were Feudal Nobles
people who fancy titles: duke...
5% of the population
born into
enjoyed feudal powers and privileges
encharge of tiny territores within the country
had their own army separate of those of the king
didn't have to pay taxes, but could impose taxes on people who live in the area
own courts, didn't have to obey the laws of the king
sometimes had own monatary systems, tariffs, and toles, even their own forieng policy
often ran independent little countries within the larger state |
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| Henry the Navigator (lec 15) |
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king of England 1485-1509
most successful of these new monarchs
successful at expanding his own power |
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first to sail to india and back
brings home a cargo of spices that were worth 60times as much as the voyage
everyone gets paid! Even the government
expeditions will continue because of the great profits |
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| Columbus (italian sailor) |
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went around europe to varies people and got people interested in his idea
king and queen of Spain Ferdinand and Isabella (New Monarchs)
wanted to increase trade to get more money and power |
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| queen of spain...gave columbus money to have 3 ships to go to India |
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