Term
Tissue Classification:
There are 4 main types of tissues.
Name the Four Types of Tissues?
hint: E C M N |
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Definition
The 4 main types of tissues are:
1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Nervous |
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Term
Tissues are groups of cells similiar in structure, arranged in a characteristic pattern, and specialized for the performance of specific tasks.
What is the term used for the study of tissues? |
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Definition
| The study of Tissues is called Histology |
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Term
The study of tissues is called Histology.
Define Tissue. |
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Definition
| Tissue is a group of cells that are similiar in structure and arranged in a specific pattern. |
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Term
There are four main groups of of tissues. One of them is Epithelial.
Epithelial tissues = Epithelium
What is the location and characteristic of the Epithelium cell? |
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Definition
The Epithelium cell:
- is the main tissue of the skins outer layer
- it forms membranes, ducts (tubes), and the lining of the body cavities, and hollow organs
- the active cells of many GLANDS are epithelial cells.
Located in the (stomach, digestine, bladder, urinary, respiratory tract). |
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Term
| Classifications of Epithelial Cells according to function are classified based on these two characteristics. What are these two characteristics. hint: A,S. |
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Definition
The classification of epithelial cells according to function are classified based on these two characteristics:
1. arrangement
2. shape |
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Term
One of the four types (groups) of tissues are epithelial.
Epithelial cells have various types of arrangements.
What are they? hint: S S P T |
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Definition
The various types of arrangements of epithelial cells are:
1. simple
2. stratified
3. pseudostratified
4. transitional |
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Term
One of the four types (groups) of tissues are epithelial.Epithelial cells have various types of arrangements, one type is simple.
What is the location and general characteristic of the simple epithelial cells? |
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Definition
Simple epithelial cells:
Comes in single layers of cells.
They are needed where chemicals need to pass through easily. (capillary beds, GI, mucosa) |
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Term
One of the four types (groups) of tissues are epithelial.Epithelial cells have various types of arrangements, one type is stratified.
What is the location and characteristic of a stratified epithelial cell? |
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Definition
Stratified epithelial cells:
Multiple layers. Where?
You need protection against wear and tear. (skin, lining of your mouth) |
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Term
One of the four types (groups) of tissues are epithelial.
Epithelial cells have various types of arrangements, one type is pseudostratified.
What is a pseudostratified epithelial cell? |
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Definition
Pseudostratified epithelial cells:
Looks like a double cell but, false/like. It is actually single layer. |
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Term
One of the four types (groups) of tissues are epithelial.
Epithelial cells have various types of arrangements, one type is transitional.
What is a location and characteristic of the transitional epithelial cell? |
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Definition
Transitional epithelial cells:
arrangement can expand and return to their original arrangement. (bladder). |
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Term
Classification of Epithelial cells: name the three major shapes?
Hint: SCC |
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Definition
1. squamous - nuclei flat and parrallel to surface.
2. cuboidal - cube like nuclei in themiddle of the cell.
3. columnar - rectangle. Nuclei are oval and parallel of the axis of cell. |
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Term
| When describing epithelial cells you use two words, what are they? |
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Definition
| 1st arrangement, 2nd shape |
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Term
| Name 6 kinds of epithelial cells? |
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Definition
The 6 kinds of Epi cells are:
1. simple squamous
2. simple cubolidal
3. simple columnar
4. pseudostratified columnar
5. stratified squamous
6. transitional |
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Term
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Definition
Define membrane:
A membrane is a thin layer of tissues and sheet-like epithelial membrane made up of epithelial cells. |
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Term
| What is the purpose of membranes? |
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Definition
The purpose of membranes are:
- cover surfaces
- divide cavities
- serve as a lining
- keep certain organs in place
- secrete mucus
- lubricate and reduce friction during organ movement |
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Term
| What is mucus membrane and where do you find it? |
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Definition
Mucus membrane:
Produces mucus thick secretion made by the goblet cells. Contains cilia.
Where find? nasal passage, digestive, and urinary. |
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Term
| What kind of membrane contains cilia and goblet? |
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Definition
| The mucous membrane contains cilia and goblet cells. |
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Term
| Name the three types of membranes? |
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Definition
The three types of membranes are:
1. mucous (aka mucosa)
2. serous (aka serosa)
3. cuteanous |
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Term
| What are goblet cells and where are they found? |
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Definition
Goblet cells:
Special kind of columnar epithelial cells. They specialize in making mucus. Found in the mucus membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cilia helps to move things, they are hairy like structures. Together the movement of the cilia and mucus from the goblet cells helps to get rid of unwanted substances. |
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Term
| What are the purpose of membranes? |
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Definition
Cover surfaces
- divide cavities
- to serve as linning
- keep organs in place
- to secrete mucus
- to lubricate and reduce friction during organ movement |
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Term
| What is the mucus membrane? |
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Definition
| Mucus membrane is nearest to the lumen (mucosa) it produces mucus which is a thick secretion made by goblet cells. |
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Term
| What is the serous membrane? |
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Definition
| The serous membrane is the outer most layer of the lumen. The outer most layer of hollow organs such as GI tract (where other organs touch each other). The layer of tissue that surrounds visceral organs. Also lines the walls of body cavities. example peritoneal membrane, surrounds all visceral organs together, pleural membrane, pericardial membrane (lines the heart) |
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Term
| What membrane lines the outermost layer of the Gut? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is cutaneous membrane? |
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Definition
| Cutaneous membrane means skin. The outer layer of the skin. Percutaneous means through the skin. It is complex stratisfied squamous epi, come in multiple layers which form the Epidermis. |
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Term
Epi cells can make up mucus membrane and glands are made of epi cells.
What is a gland? All glands can be divided into two major types of glands what are they? |
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Definition
A gland is an organ that produces secretion.
Two kinds of glands are:
- exocrine and endocrine. |
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Term
| What are excocrine glands? |
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Definition
Exocrine glands have special tubes (ducts) that deliver secretion straight to their destination.
The destination could be some kind of cavity (stomach), or secrete to some proximate organ (go to a neighbor) |
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Term
| What are endocrine glands? |
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Definition
Endocrine glands have no ducts. They secret their stuff straight into the blood stream, they make hormones (our messenger molecules).
From the blood stream the hormones go to the target tissues where they turn on or off chemical reactions. |
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Term
| Name the 5 types of Excocrine glands? |
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Definition
The 5 types of exocrine glands are:
1. simple tubular
2. branched tubular
3. coiled tubular
4. sac-like or sacular or alvelor (tube and sac)
5. compound (tubes, branches, and sacs) |
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Term
| Define Connective tissues? |
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Definition
| Connective tissues are tissues that allow for movement and provide support. All connective tissues consist of two parts cells and matrix. |
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Term
| In connective tissues, define a matrix. |
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Definition
| A matrix is the intesticial material in which the cells are suspended. Consists of water, fiber and minerals. |
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Term
There are 4 types of connective tissues distingushed based on degrees of hardness. The hardness is based on how much fiber and minerals there are. The more H2O the softer the tissue.
Name the 4 types of connective tissues.
Hint LSDH |
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Definition
The 4 types of CT based on the degrees of hardness are:
1. liquid
2. soft
3. dense or fibrous
4. hard |
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Term
| Describe the liquid CT and matrix. |
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Definition
Liquid CT is Lymphoid. Blood and lymph are CT. They are cells suspended in H2O surrounded by minerals and proteins. Not too much fiber.
Where blood and lymph are made in the bone marrow a CT makes another type of CT. Blood is another type of hard CT produced by the Riticulo Endothelial system made in bone marrow. |
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Term
| Describe the soft or loose CT. |
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Definition
Less H2O a little bit more fiber.
Two kinds:
1.Areolar CT tissue under the skin between the skin and muscles, jelly-like background stuff.
2.Adipose: cells that store fat. Fat works like an insulator helps for temperature, and works like a cushion between organs and protects against physical stress. |
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Term
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Definition
Dense CT are:
Made of cells and matrix, found in tendons and ligaments. More fiber and less H2O very dense needed for strength and flexibility.
They have a special kind of cell that make the fiber called Fibroblast, that make the matrix. The fiber is called collagen. |
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Term
In Dense CT: What kind of fiber does Fibroblast make?
hint: C |
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Definition
The fibroblast found in Dense CT makes this fiber called:
Collagen |
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Term
What is the name of the special cell found in Dense CT?
Hint: F |
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Definition
The name of the special cell found in Dense Ct is:
Fibroblast |
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Term
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Definition
Hard CT is made up of cells and matrix cells are called Chrondrocytes which is cartilage.
Cartilage is the hard CT you will see chrondrocytes and fiber.
Cartilage contains two types of fiber which is protein: 1. collagen fiber, 2. elastin fiber. |
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Term
| Describe the collagen fiber in cartilage hard CT? |
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Definition
| Collagen fiber allows for flexibility. |
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Term
| Describe elastin fiber in cartilage Hard CT. |
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Definition
| Allows to stretch like a rubber band. |
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Term
In Hard CT, there are three types of cartilage found name them.
hint: HEF |
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Definition
1. hyaline found on ends of long bones and tip of nose.
2. elastic found on ears and larynx
3. fibrous found between segments of spine, knee joint, and between pubic bone. |
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Term
Name the two types of Hard CT.
hint: C and B |
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Definition
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Term
| Bone is a Hard CT, describe it. |
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Definition
Bone made of cells and matrix. Cells called Osteocytes. Matrix is fiber and minerals (calcium and phosphate)
Two kinds: 1. osteoblasts to build bone, 2. osteoclasts destroy bone. |
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Term
| Bone is a hard CT and has two types what are they? |
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Definition
1.Osteoblasts which build bone
2.Osteoclasts which destroy bone. |
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Term
There are three type of connective tissue membrane, name them.
hint: SMF |
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Definition
The three types of connective tissue membranes are:
1. synovial
2. meninges
3. fascia |
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Term
The three types of connective tissue membranes are:
1. synovial
2. meninges
3. fascia
Describe them. |
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Definition
1. synovial is thin layer of CT in joint cavities.
2. meninges is a special CT membrane thin layer of tisue covering the brain and spinal cord.
3. fascia membrane that hols visceral organs in place. In shape of bands and sheets. Found underneath the skin so it attaches the skin to the muscles and separates and covers the skeletal muscles ex raw chicken. |
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Term
| Muscle Tissue is the fourth type of connective tissue, describe it. |
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Definition
| Muscle tissues are made of threads of muscle fiber and looks like a pack of spegetti. |
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Term
| Muscle Tissue is the fourth type of connective tissue, There are three types of muscle cells, name them. |
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Definition
The three types of muscle cells are:
1. skeletal (striated, voluntary, somatic NS)
2. smooth (visceral, involuntary, autonomic NS)
3. cardiac (involuntary) |
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Term
| Muscle Tissue is the fourth type of connective tissue, There are three types of muscle cells, one type is skeletal, describe skeletal. |
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Definition
Skeletal muscles move the skeletal, works with tendons and bones to move the body.
- innervated by the somatic NS
- voluntary
- can be very long
- have multiple nuclei looked stripped under the microscope called striated muscle |
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Term
| Muscle Tissue is the fourth type of connective tissue, There are three types of muscle cells, one type is smooth, describe smooth. |
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Definition
Smooth got its name because it is smooth by appearance.
- shorter
- have one nucleus per cell
- innervated by autonomic NS
- involuntary
- found in arteries, arterial walls, GI tract, bladder, uterus, visceral organs. |
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Term
| Muscle Tissue is the fourth type of connective tissue, There are three types of muscle cells, one type is cardiac, describe cardiac. |
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Definition
Cardiac muscle tissue also called myocardia. The heart is a muscle organ and all it does is contract.
- involuntary
- is special because it does not need the NS to send a message to contract. The Heart muscle contracts on its own.
Physical characteristics: has a special muscle not found anywhere else. Very dense and they are branching muscle cells. Between the cells there are these connections to connect to each other by INTERCALATED DISCS. |
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Term
| What are intercalated discs and in what muscle tissue are they found? |
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Definition
Found in the Cardiac muscle tissue.
A special muscle not found anywhere else. Very dense and they are branching muscle cells. Between the cells there are these connections to connect to each other by INTERCALATED DISCS. |
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