Term
| What are the types of bone cells(4)? |
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Definition
| osteoprogenitor, osteoblast, osteocyte, and osteoclast |
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Term
| Which bone cell is not found on the bone surface? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of osteoblasts? |
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Definition
| synthesize organic components: osteoid tissue (collagen fibers and ground substance), and secrete alkaline phosphatase (calcium deposition) |
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Term
| What enzyme is secreted by osteoblasts? |
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Definition
| alkaline phosphatase; deposition of calcium salts |
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|
Term
| What is the function of osteocytes? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Which bone cells have gap junctions? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the enzymes secreted by osteoclasts and the action of each? |
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Definition
| carbonic anhydrase - decalcification of bone matrix; collagenase - break down collagen fibers |
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Term
| Which hormone stimulates osteoclastic activity? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What do you know about Howship's lacuna? |
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Definition
| A depression active sites (divet into the surface of the bone) |
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|
Term
| What bone cell has a ruffled border? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the major organic component of bone matrix? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the main minerals of the bone matrix? |
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Definition
| calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate |
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Term
| What are the two forms of calcium phosphate? |
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Definition
| hydroxyapitite crystals and calcium phosphate salts |
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Term
| What do you know about Sharpey's fibers? |
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Definition
| collagen fibers that connect periosteum to outer circumferential lammellae of compact bone |
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|
Term
| What is the function of the periosteum? |
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Definition
| outer surface of the bone; outer layer (dense irregular CT) blood vessels; inner layer (loose areolar CT) osteogenic cells |
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|
Term
| What is the function of the endosteum? |
|
Definition
| osteogenic cells (make osteoblast, which make bone) |
|
|
Term
| Which bone is stronger: woven or lamellar? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are 2 types of lamellar bone and its location? |
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Definition
| Compact bone - shafts of long bones; spongey bone - flat and irregular bones |
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Term
| What is the unit structure of compact bone? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which canal is parallel to the long axis of bone? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the function of Volkmann's canals? |
|
Definition
| communication between blood vessels |
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|
Term
| What is the function of bony canaliculi around osteocyte processes? |
|
Definition
| transmit interstitial fluid and nutrients |
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|
Term
| What covers the surface of trabeculae of spongy bone? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Define intramembranous ossification |
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Definition
| bone growth within a vascularized embryonic connective tissue (mesenchyme) |
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|
Term
| What are some bones that ossify through intramembranous ossification? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which zone contains degenerating cartilage cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cells lay down bone in the ossification zone? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of estrogen on bone? |
|
Definition
| decreased osteoclast and increase osteoblast |
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|
Term
| What is the effect of parathyroid hormone on bone? |
|
Definition
| stimulates osteoclasts and increases blood Ca++ |
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|
Term
| What is the effect of thyrocalcitonin on bone? |
|
Definition
| lowers blood calcium level |
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|
Term
| What is the effect of growth hormone on bone? |
|
Definition
| Pituitary; excess - giantism, or acromegaly; decrease dwarfism |
|
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Term
| What is the effect of vitamin D deficiency on bone? |
|
Definition
| leads to defective absorption of Ca++ from the intestine and leads to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults (soft but strong bones) |
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|
Term
| What is the effect of vitamin C deficiency on bone? |
|
Definition
| defective collagen formation; scurvy (bones are rigid but weak) |
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|
Term
| How does bone grow in width? |
|
Definition
| appositional growth by the osteoblasts |
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|
Term
| How does bone grow in length? |
|
Definition
| activity of hyaline cartilage of epiphyseal plate |
|
|
Term
| Can bone brow by the interstitial method like cartilage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main mineral in bone matrix? |
|
Definition
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