Term
| What are the three types of connective tissue seen in muscle? |
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Definition
Epimysium: dense irregular
Perimysium: Dense Irregular
Endomysium: Reticular Connective tissue |
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Term
| What does the epimysium surround? |
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Definition
| It surrounds the entire muscle. It is composed of several fascicles. |
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Term
| What does the perimysium surround? |
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Definition
| It surrounds single fascicle, which is made up of several muscle fibers |
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Term
| What does the Endomysium surround? |
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Definition
| It is a layer of reticular CT that surrounds a single muscle fiber. |
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Term
| What makes up a triad? Where do you find them? |
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Definition
| It is a T tubule and two segments of sarcoplasmic reticulum. They are found in skeletal muscle. |
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Term
| What makes up a dyad? Where do you find them? |
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Definition
| It is a T Tubule and ONE segment of sarcoplasmic reticulum They are found in cardiac muscle. |
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Term
| T Tubules aline with what structure in the sarcomere? |
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Definition
| They line up with the AI junctions |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the T Tubule? |
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Definition
| They transport calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the sarcomeres. |
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Term
| What represents the alignment of the lateral assembled tails of myosin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What attaches directly to Z Disks? |
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Definition
Actin attaches directly to the Z disk.
Titin also attaches |
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Term
| During contraction, which filament moves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Between the A band and I band, which band does not change length during contraction? |
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Definition
| the A band does not change length. The I Band shortens. |
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Term
| What protein binds calcium in skeletal muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of myosin? |
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Definition
| It is the main protein of the thick filament. It binds ATP to produce contraction |
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Term
| What is the function of myomesin? |
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Definition
| It cross-links thick filaments that are next to one another at the M Line |
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Term
| What is the function of Titin? |
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Definition
| It anchors the thick filaments to the Z disk. |
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Term
| What is the function of tropomysin? |
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Definition
| It occupies the grooves of the think filament |
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Term
| What is the function of troponin? |
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Definition
| It binds calcium, tropomyosin, and actin (to inhibit the actin/myosin interaction) |
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Term
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Definition
| It caps the thin filaments |
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Term
| What is the function of a-actinin? |
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Definition
| It binds the plus ends of thin filaments to the Z disk |
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Term
| Regarding red and white muscle, which is more vascular? |
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Definition
| REd muscle is more vascular |
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Term
| Regarding red and white muscle, which has larger nerve fibers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Regarding red and white muscle, which fatigues faster? |
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Definition
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Term
| Regarding red and white muscle, which contracts stronger? |
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Definition
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Term
| Regarding red and white muscle, which contracts faster? |
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Definition
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Term
| Regarding red and white muscle, which has more mitochondria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are satellite cells? |
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Definition
| They are stem cells that form new muscle fibers |
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Term
| Muscles can grow two ways. What are they? |
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Definition
Hypertrophy: Cells get bigger
Hyperplasia: Adds more cells |
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Term
| What do afferent fibers do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do efferent fibers do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What neurotransmitter causes muscle contraction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action of botulinum toxin? |
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Definition
| It prevents the release of acetylcholine from the neuromuscular junction, which causes paralysis |
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Term
| What is the mechanism of action of curare? |
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Definition
| It binds to the acetylcholine receptor, which prevents binding and flaccid paralysis. |
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Term
| What is myasthenia Gravis? |
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Definition
| It is an autoimmune disorder where antibodies attack the acetylcholine receptor |
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Term
| Where would one find the nucleus on a skeletal muscle cell? |
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Definition
| It is usually to the side |
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Term
| What are some key differences between cardiac and skeletal muscle as seen through the light microscope. |
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Definition
| Though both are striated, cardiac muscle is branched and has intercalating discs. Cardiac muscle also has centrally located nuclei. |
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Term
| What make up intercalating disks? |
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Definition
| fascia adherens, desmosomes, and gap junctions. |
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Term
| What are the major differences between skeletal and smooth muscle as seen under the light microscope? |
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Definition
| The arrangement is less ordered. The muscle fibers are spindle shaped, and the nucleus is oblong. |
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Term
| What regulates calcium in smooth muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Smooth muscle is usually in three layers. What are they and how do they run? |
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Definition
There is one layer of tissue called the mucularis mucosa. It runs in an inner circular pattern.
There are two outer layers of muscularis externa which run longitudinally. |
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Term
| Which muscle cells can regenerate? |
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Definition
| Smooth muscle can divide via mitosis. Skeletal muscle via satellite cells. |
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