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| Enzyme; 40% of total protein in peroxisome; (decompose hydrogen peroxide) |
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| (phospholipid); decreases permeability of inner membrane of mitochondria to small ions |
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link doublets in cilia; twisting motion creates waving motion in cilia
(Kartagener's syndrome - absence of dynein arms=sterile sperm) |
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| crosslinks actin filaments in microvilli |
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| crosslinks actin filaments in microvilli and stereocilia |
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| links actin filaments to membrane in microvilli |
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| links actin filaments to membrane in microvilli |
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| links actin filaments to the membrane in stereocilia |
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| transmembrane protein involved in forming 'zonula occludens' |
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| transmembrane protein involved in forming 'zonula occludens' |
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| zonula occludins proteins |
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| ZO-1, ZO-2, ZO-3; link occludin to actin cytoskeleton |
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| transmembrane protein in zonula adherens; calcium-dependent |
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| peripheral protein in zonula adherins; links to actin filaments |
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| transmembrane linker protein in macula adherens |
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transmembrane linker protein in macula adherens
autoantibodies against can cause blistering disease: pemphigus folliaceus |
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| link keratins to transmembrane protein in macula adherens |
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| transmembrane linker protein in macula adherens |
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| links laminin and type IV collagen (basal lamina) |
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| bullous pemphigoid antigen I |
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Definition
link keratins to transmembrane linker proteins(integrins)
(hemidesmosome plaque)
autoantibodies against result in 'bulous pemphigoid' blistering disease
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link keratins to transmembrane linker proteins(integrins)
(hemidesmisome plaque) |
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| transmembrane protein; anchors cell to basal lamina by linking to keratins inside cell (via plaque) and basal lamina outside cell (via anchoring filaments laminin-5 and collagen type IV) |
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ground substance; carbohydrate side chains; usu. attach to proteoglycan
have sulfate residues that give molecule a negative charge: attract water (Na ions) |
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| linear protein in ground substance; usu. attached to glycosaminoglycans |
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| long-chain glycosaminoglycan; increases viscosity of matrix; |
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triplett polypeptide chain (made by fibroblasts in process of synthesizing Type I collagen)
rich in proline, lysine, hydroxyproline, and hydroxylysine |
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peptidases cleave terminal ends of procollagen after it is secreted by fibroblast
self-assembles into Type I collagen fibrils |
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| large amounts found in Type I collagen |
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| large amounts found in Type I collagen |
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| mast cell marker released from mast cell granules |
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proteoglycan found only in the ground substance of cartilage
high concentrations of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (keratan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate)
bind water to resist compression |
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highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan; attracts water to ground substance, helping to resist compression
found in cartilage GS (aggrecan) |
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highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan; attracts water to ground substance, helping to resist compression
found in cartilage GS (aggrecan) |
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| secreted by osteoblast; aid spontaneous mineralization of osteoid |
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| secreted by osteoblast; aid spontaneous mineralization of osteoid |
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released by adenohypophysis (endocrine gland); signals release of IGF-1 from kidney
(controls activity of osteoblasts) |
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| Insulin-like growth factor-1 |
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Definition
(IGF-1) release from liver signaled by growth hormone; binds to receptors on osteoblast
Vitamin D binds similarly |
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| integrin receptor; released by osteoblast; allows osteoclast to fasten/bind to bone spicule |
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| Binds RANK of osteoclast; signals maturation of osteoclast cells |
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| binds osteopontin; allows formation of 'ring seal' between osteoclast and bone |
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| breaks down CO2 and H2O in osteoclast; allows production of HCl outside clast membrane |
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| parathyroid hormone (PTH) |
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Definition
released in response to low calcium concentrations in blood
bind to osteoblast receptors: ^RANKL expresion; M-CSF secreted |
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| macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) |
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Definition
| secreted by osteoblasts in response to PTH; binds to monocytes, causing to become macrophages, express RANK receptor, and fuse with other macrophages to form immature osteoclasts |
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| released by C-cells in the thyroid gland in response to high concentrations of calcium; binds directly to osteoclast to inactivate |
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| vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) |
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| attracts blood vessels; secreted by dying chondrocytes of zone of hypertrophy |
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| dissolve cartilage matrix (secreted by dying chondrocytes in primary center of ossification) |
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| used to treat osteoporosis by inhibiting osteoclast activity |
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| activates production of type II collgen and aggrecan in growing bones; defect = dwarfism |
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| glycoprotein containing A or B antigens used in blood typing; integral membrane protein closely linked with the cytoskelton; linked by peripheral proteins to a network of spectrin (and actin) beneath plasma membrane (allows RBC to deform to squeeze through capillaries, then spring back to its regular shape) |
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anion exchange channel on RBCs (exchanges HCO3- with Cl- in lungs)
integral membrane protein closely linked with the cytoskelton; linked by peripheral proteins to a network of spectrin (and actin) beneath plasma membrane (allows RBC to deform to squeeze through capillaries, then spring back to its regular shape) |
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peripheral protein in RBC; binds gychophorin to cytoskeleton (spectrin lattice)
band 4.1 works with actin to bind spectrin into a lattice |
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| RBC peripheral protein; binds band 3 to spectrin cytoskeleton |
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| counteracts leukotrienes; released by eosinophils to counteract basophil and mast cell secretions |
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| one of many antiparasitic substances released by eosinophil granules |
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| tissue-plasminogen activator |
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Definition
produced by endothelial cells and CT; activates plasminogen to become plasmin, a potent peptidase for dissolving clots
injected into patients with strokes or myocardial infarctions to dissolve blood clots |
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| pigment inclusion; accumulates during aging; commonly found in long lived cells (neurons, cardiac muscle cells) |
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| motor protein involved in anterograde axonal transport in axon (toward positive terminal) |
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| motor protein involved with retrograde axonal transport |
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| binds synaptic vessicle to actin cytoskeleton; released by phosphorilation during high calcium levels in terminal |
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| docking protein in synaptic vessicle membrane |
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| in synaptic vessicle, initiating vessicle fusion with presynaptic membrane after docking |
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| presynaptic membrane docking protein complementary to v-snare |
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| in Z-line; anchors actin filaments of sarcomere |
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| bound to actin in sarcomere, covering sites of interaction with myosin |
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| bound to both actin and tropomyosin in sarcomere; binding of calcium results in shift of complex to open myosin binding site on actin |
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| anchors myosin in sarcomere (M-line) |
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| calcium binding protein used by sarcoplasmic reticulum (sER) to store calcium ions |
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| spectrin-like binding protein that anchors actin of myofibril to end of plasma membrane; linked to laminin, which is linked by reticular fibers to CT of tendon |
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| intermediate filament in desmosome of cardiac muscle cells |
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| intermediate filament linking macula adherens of cardiac muscle cells |
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| myosin light chain kinase |
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Definition
| activated by calmodulin, it phosphorylates myosin light chains, uncovering mysoin actin-binding sites (=contraction of smooth muscle cell) |
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