Term
Which of the following white blood cells is primarily associated with phagocytosis and acts as an antigen presenting cell?
lymphycyte
monocyte
neutrophil
basophil
eosinophil |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements most accurately describe euchromatin? tRNA translocation Site of protein production Intense eosinophilic staining Ribosome synthesis
site of mRNA transcription |
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Definition
| site of mRNA transcription |
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Term
an osteon is made of
A Haversian canal, bone marrow, endosteum, lacunae
A Haversian canal, lamellae, lacunae, osteoclasts
A Haverisan canal, lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes
A Haversian canal, lamellae, lacunae, osteoblasts
A Haversian canal, trabeculae, lacunae, periosteum |
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Definition
| A Haverisan canal, lamellae, lacunae, osteocytes |
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Term
What is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
rRNA synthesis
Cholesterol synthesis
ATP synthesis
Protein phosphorylation
Protein synthesis for export |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following must comprise be an integral transmembrane molecule:
Vimentin filaments
Glycoprotein
Ion channel
Protein receptor
Microfilaments |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following selections includes only transient cells that may occur in connective tissue?
Mast cells, neutrophils, and macrophages
Plasma cells, fibrocytes, and neutrophils
Chondroblasts and adipocytes
Neutrophils and plasma cells
Fibroblasts and macrophages |
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Definition
| neutrophills and plasma cells |
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Term
Vincristine is an anticancer drug which inhibits centriole activity. How could vincristine treatment help with cancers?
Triggers death of cancer cells by activating cell surface receptors leading ot apoptosis
Slows cancer growth by limiting cell division
Reduces mRNA transcription within the nucleus
Blocks cell surface receptors and reduces the ability of cancer cells to take up nturients
Causes death of cancer cells by inhibiting ATP production |
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Definition
| Slows cancer growth by limiting cell division |
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Term
How does articular hyaline cartilage receive the majority of its nutrients?
The underliying bone provieds direct nutrient support to cartilage
The joint capsule provides direct nutrient support to the cartilage
Nutrients diffuse form the synovial fluid into the cartilage The perichondrial covering provides the needed nutrients
Hyaline cartilage is well vascularized and receives nutrients from capillaries |
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Definition
| Nutrients diffuse form the synovial fluid into the cartilage |
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Term
What would be an expected clinical sign associated with dysfunction or destruction of cilia?
Hematuria (blood in urine)
Epistaxis (nosebleed)
Increased salivation
Diarrhea
Coughing and increased respiratory infections |
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Definition
| Coughing and increased respiratory infections |
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Term
What statement accurately describes lysosomes?
Site of phospholipid synthesis
Produces secretory vesicles
May contain hydrogen peroxide
Site of glycosylation
Lysosomes will fuse with the cell membrane to release contents |
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Definition
| may contain hydrogen peroxide |
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Term
What method(s) of secretion most accurately describe mammary glands?
Apocrine
Merocrine and apocrine
Holocrine and apocrine
Merocrine
Holocrine |
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Definition
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Term
What statement best describes the function of reticular fibers?
Provides significant holding strength in one direction
Exhibits ability to stretch and snap back
Promotes rapid diffusion of nutrients through tissues
Provides a scaffolding for cells in solid organs
Promotes directional growth of long bones |
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Definition
| Provides a scaffolding for cells in solid organs |
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Term
All of the following are examples of dense irregular collagenous connective tissue except:
Organ capsules
Perichondrium
Periosteum
Ligamentum nuchae
Dermis |
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Definition
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Term
Hyaline cartilage is found in all body locations below except:
Meniscus
Trachea
Physis
Articular cartilage
Costochondral junction |
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Definition
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Term
Where in the body is transitional epithelium found?
Trachea
Oviduct
Arteries
Epididymis
Urethra |
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Definition
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Term
All of the following statements correctly characterize secretory vesicles except:
Contents are released via exocytosis
Store pre-made products for later release
Steroids can directly inhibit release of secrtory vesicles
Release may be triggered by activating cell surface receptors
Contents may include neurotransmitters or histamine |
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Definition
| Steroids can directly inhibit release of secrtory vesicles |
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Term
Degranulation of mast cells may most accurately be considered what type of cell signaling?
Apocrine
Endocrine
Merocrine
Autocrine
Paracrine |
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Definition
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Term
Which connective tissue component is characterized by high tensile strength and flexibility?
Which connective tissue component is characterized by high tensile strength and flexibility?
Elastin
Lipid
Collagen
Glycosaminoglycan
Osteoid |
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Definition
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Term
Resting cells within lacunae of the trachea are called
Osteoblast
Chondrocyte
Osteocyte
Fibroblast
Fibrocyte |
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Definition
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Term
In bone, the fine channels which interconnect adjacent lacunae are called
Howships lacunae
Volkman's canals
Haversian canals
Lamellae !
Canaliculi |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is not a characteristic of tight junctions?
Also known as zona occludens
Are focal attachments between adjacent cells
Seals apical aspect of epithelial cells
Very robust in the vasculature of the brain
Limits paracellular diffusion of extracellular molecules |
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Definition
| Are focal attachments between adjacent cells |
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Term
In fracture healing, the correct order of events is:
Fibrocartilage callus formation, hematoma formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling
Hematoma formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling, fibrocartilage callus formation
Hematoma formation, fibrocartilage callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling,
Hematoma formation, bony callus formation, fibrocartilage callus formation, bone remodeling
Hematoma formation, fibrocartilage callus formation, bone remodeling, bony callus formation |
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Definition
| Hematoma formation, fibrocartilage callus formation, bony callus formation, bone remodeling, |
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Term
required for a joint to be classified as a diarthrosis:
Fibrocartilage, collateral ligaments, synovial sac
Fibrocartilage, meniscus, synovial sac
Hyaline cartilage, meniscus, synovial sac, synovial cavity
Hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage disc, synovial cavity
Hyaline cartilage, synovial cavity, synovial sac |
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Definition
| Hyaline cartilage, synovial cavity, synovial sac |
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Term
Which of the following structures in basophilic
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Nuclear membrane |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding cell surface receptors?
Does not involve the use of secondary intracellular messengers
Usually interacts with only one ligand
May be fixed in place in the cell membrane
Activation can result in endocytosis
Carbohydrates can be important receptor components |
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Definition
| Does not involve the use of secondary intracellular messengers |
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Term
When activated mast cells do what?
Promote activity of apocrine sweat glands
You Answered
Release histamine and cause vasoconstriction
Stimlate contraction of smooth muscle
Increase vascular permeability
Phagocytose invading bacteria |
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Definition
| increase vascular permeability |
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Term
Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium lines the
Trachea
Skin
Exocrine pancreatic ducts
Uterus
Oral cavity : |
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Definition
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Term
Where are osteoblasts commonly found?
perichondrium and meniscus
Under the periosteum and endosteum
Osteons and Haversian canals
Compact bone and trabeculae
Bone marrow and lacunae |
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Definition
| under the periostium and endostium |
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Term
Which of the following is an incorrect statement regarding endochondral ossification?
Chondrocytes form trabeculae within the marrow cavity
Physes close and ossify at the age of skeletal maturity
Osteoclasts aid in forming the marrow cavity
Chondrocytes are replaced by osteoblasts to ossify bone
Chondrocyte proliferation and matrix synthesis promotes increased bone length |
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Definition
| Chondrocytes form trabeculae within the marrow cavity |
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Term
Which statement regarding osteoclast activity (e.g. osteoclasia) is correct?
Parathryoid hormone decreases osteoclasia
Osteolcasts are unaffected by the endocrine system
Osteoclasia will increase serum calcium levels
Calcitonin enhances osteoclasia
Osteoclasia will increase bone matrix deposition |
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Definition
| Osteoclasia will increase serum calcium levels |
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Term
The repair potential of fibrocartilage is poor because it lacks
Reticular fibers
Lacunae
Perichondrium
Endosteum
Periosteum |
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Definition
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Term
Endothelium consists of:
Simple columnar epithelium
Mesenchymal cells
Simple squamous epithelium
Stratified squamous epithelium
Simple cuboidal epithelium |
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Definition
| simple squamous epithelium |
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Term
Anisocytosis is:
Retained ribosomes in immature erythrocytes
Precipitated hemoglobin in erthryocyte cytoplasm
Remnants of a nucleus in an erythrocyte
Variations in erythrocyte size
Reduced erythrocyte hemoglobin |
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Definition
| variation in erythrocyte size |
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Term
A primary function of neutrophils is:
vaccine response
Antiparasite immune response
Antibody production
Phagocytosis of pathogens
Allergic response |
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Definition
| phagocytosis of pathogens |
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Term
A left shift is usually indicative of an active inflammatory process. This is usually identified by:
Increased presence of band neutrophils
Decreased number of circulating neutrophils
Increased number of circulating neutrophils
Reduced monocyte numbers
Presence of hypersegmented neutrophils |
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Definition
| inreased precense of band neutrophils |
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Term
All of the following may result in neutrophilia except:
Increased production of neutrophils in the bone marrow
Chronic bone marrow stimulation
Movement of cells into the marginating pool
Decreased diapedesis of neutrophils
Movement of cells out of the storage pool |
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Definition
| Movement of cells into the marginating pool |
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Term
Megakaryocytes are the progenitor for what blood cells?
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Thrombocyte
Neutrophil
Erythrocyte |
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Definition
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Term
All of the following are functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum except:
Calcium storage
Carbohydrate synthesis
Steroid synthesis
Cholesterol production
Drug detoxifiication |
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Definition
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Term
Where in the body could microvilli be observed?
Inner ear
Small intestine
Urethra
Uterus
Trachea |
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Definition
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Term
Which type of gland shows holocrine secretion?
Goblet cells
Aqueous sweat glands
Exocrine pancreas
Salivary gland
Sebaceous gland |
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Definition
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Term
Elastin is synthesized by:
Chondrocytes
Plasma cells
Osteoblasts
Fibroblasts
Mast cells |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following cells normally has the shortest lifespan in circulating blood?
Thrombocyte
Erythrocyte
Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte |
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Definition
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Term
| Scurvy is a disease associated with vitamin C deficiency and can be seen in humans, guinea pigs, and some primate species. Clinical sign may include weakness, lethargy, swollen joints, and petechia. Normal production of what body component is inhibited by vitamin C deficiency that can explain the observed clinical signs? |
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Definition
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Term
What statement most accurately describes the signaling effect of steroid hormones?
Acts only in a paracrine manner
Hormone ligands interact with cell surface receptors to reduce inflammation
Promotes the immediate release of secretory granules from mast cells
Interacts with transcription factors in the nucleus to alter DNA transcription
Causes ion channels to open allow muscle cells to depolarize |
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Definition
| Interacts with transcription factors in the nucleus to alter DNA transcription |
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Term
| n class we discussed a foal with valgus deformity of the forelimbs. Valgus is defined as legs deviating laterally. In regards to this foal what is the appropriate treatment? |
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Definition
| Periosteal stripping on lateral side and screw/wire placement on medial side |
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Term
The term “extracellular matrix” refers to:
Keratin
Nerves and blood vessels
Actin and myosin
Macrophages, mast cells, and adipocytes
Fibers and ground substance |
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Definition
| fibers and ground substance |
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Term
In dogs with intervertebral disc disease (IDD) what portion of the intervertebral disc ruptures outward?
Nucleus pulposus
Meniscus
Intercapital ligament
Annulous fibrosis
Articular facet |
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Definition
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Term
Thrombocytopenia may be caused by all of the following except:
Thrombocyte sequestration in organs
Excessive thrombocyte destruction
Excessive thrombocyte consumption associated with blood clotting
Inadequate thrombocyte production
Movement of thrombocytes to marginating pool |
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Definition
| Movement of thrombocytes to marginating pool |
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Term
chondrocytes
Are surrounded by cartilage matrix
Cannot reside in lacuna
Are found surrounding bony trabeculae
Are derived from periosteum
Are derived from fibroblasts |
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Definition
| Are surrounded by cartilage matrix |
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Term
In dogs, which leukocyte is normally the most numerous
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Thrombocyte
Lymphocyte
Basophil |
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Definition
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