Term
| Label the crown, cementoenamel junction, root and apex of this diagram. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the hard tissues of the tooth are called hard because they are _____. |
|
|
Term
a. ectoderm
b. ectomesenchyme |
|
Definition
| What two embryonic tissues are necessary to form a tooth? |
|
|
Term
1. bud
2. cap
3. bell
4. crown
5. root |
|
Definition
| Name the 5 stages of tooth development in the correct order. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the functional stage of tooth development that occurs when ameloblasts, odontoblasts and cementoblasts form is called ____. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- 1st teeth present in mouth
- btwn 6 months and 6 years of age |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Between ___ months and ___ years, all teeth are primary teeth. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- second set of teeth present in mouth
- just after 12 years |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| After ___ years, all teeth in the mouth will be permanent. |
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Term
|
Definition
| - portion of tooth covered by enamel |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - part of enamel that can be seen in the mouth above the gums |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - junction of the crown with the root |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - cementum joins the enamel at the ____ of the tooth |
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Term
|
Definition
| - the point at which the cementum and the enamel join |
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Term
|
Definition
| - embedded in alveolar bone and is covered by cementum |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - point of branching roots |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| periodontium/periodontal attachment apparatus |
|
Definition
- tissues that surround the tooth
- function to attach tooth root to surrounding alveolar bone |
|
|
Term
| periodontium/periodontal attachment apparatus |
|
Definition
| - consists of cementum, periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and gingiva |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - mineralized or calcified |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- enamel
- dentin
- cementum
- alveolar bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - do not have mineral or calcification |
|
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Term
|
Definition
- pulp
- periodontal ligament
- gingiva |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - tooth development or tooth morphogenesis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| T/F: If the hard and soft tissues do not form during the correct stages of fetal development, they will not form at all. |
|
|
Term
| False, they are the same but develop at different times |
|
Definition
| T/F: The process for odontogenesis is different for primary and permanent teeth, but they develop at different times. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| primary teeth begin to form during the ____ period of development. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| permanent teeth begin to form during the ___ period of development. |
|
|
Term
| False. Tooth development continues for many years after birth. |
|
Definition
| T/F: Tooth development stops after birth. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| T/F: The teeth have the longest developmental time for any organ in the body. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Odontogenesis requires ___ type(s) of tissue(s). |
|
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Term
| False. You MUST have both types of tissues |
|
Definition
| T/F: You can have one or the other of the different types of embyronic tissue for tooth formation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mesenchyme and cranial neural crest cells become ___. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| - interacts with ectomesenchyme to form tooth germs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - formed when dental lamina interacts with ectomesenchyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| By the 8th week of embyronic development there should be ___ tooth germs for primary teeth. ___ in the maxillary arch and ___ in the mandibular. |
|
|
Term
1. bud stage
2. cap stage
3. bell stage
4. crown stage
5. root formation |
|
Definition
| Name the 5 morphological stages of tooth development. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - 1st stage of development that can be recognized by morphology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - tooth germ appears either as round mass or column of dental lamina surrounded by ectomesenchymal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - stage where ectomesenchymal cells and dental lamina are proliferating |
|
|
Term
| column of dental lamina surrounded by ectomesenchymal cells |
|
Definition
| The bud stage tooth appears as round mass or column of ____ surrounded by ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - stage where cells of dental lamina proliferate and form enamel organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During the cap stage, the ectomesenchyme beneath the enamel organ is called ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - stage where ectomesenchyme under enamel organ is called dental papilla. |
|
|
Term
| dental sac or dental follicle |
|
Definition
| Ectomesenchyme surrounding the enamel organ is called ____ or ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - forms enamel of tooth crown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - protects enamel before tooth erupts so that cementum does not form on top |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- cluster of cells in center of enamel organ
- may be biological mechanism to shape crown of tooth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| closest to the enamel organ |
|
Definition
| cells of dental papilla _____ the enamel organ differentiate into odontoblasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Which part of the dental papilla forms the pulp? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- some cells will become cementocytes
- other cells will form periodontal ligament |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cells of dental sac/follicle that form periodontal ligament |
|
Definition
| - contribute to alveolar bone formation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - stage where enamel organ has a deeply invaginated concave side where the dental papilla is located. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During the bell stage, the enamel organ has a deeply invaginated concave side where ____ is located. |
|
|
Term
1. outer enamel epithelium
2. stellate reticulum
3. statum intermedium
4. inner enamel epithelium |
|
Definition
| Which 4 cell layers are present in the enamel organ at the bell stage? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inner enamel epithelium differentiates into _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - single layer of cells that faces dental papilla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The dental lamina breaks up during the ____ stage of odontogenesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- epithelial cell islands formed when dental lamina joins the tooth germ to the oral epithelium
- usually disintegrates but can lead to cysts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| During ____ stage, dentin and enamel are formed and the shape of the crown is established. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - forms first in the crown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - forms second in the crown |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| some of the dental papilla cells become odontoblasts in this stage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - secrete crown pre-dentin then mineralize to form crown dentin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - secrete enamel matrix and mineralizes it to enamel |
|
|
Term
| basal lamina/basement membrane |
|
Definition
| the _____ between odontoblasts and ameloblasts become the DEJ. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- histological and structural part of enamel organ
- junction where inner enamel epithelium meets the outer enamel epithelium of the enamel organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - site where HERS will form from inner and outer enamel epithelium |
|
|
Term
| Hertwig's epithelial root sheath |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - will become cervix of tooth as adult |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stage where HERS forms the tooth root. |
|
|
Term
| False. Root development starts after crown is completely shaped |
|
Definition
| T/F: Root development starts before crown is completely shaped and as tooth is erupting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - determines number, shape and length of roots |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- continues even after tooth erupts
- takes many years to complete |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- directs formation of odontoblasts from dental papilla cells during the root formation stage
- directs formation of cementoblasts from dental sacs/follicles
- some become epithelial rests of Malassez |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - make root pre-dentin then mineralize to form root dentin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - make pre-cementum then mineralize to form cementum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - beginning of tooth development |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - dental lamina and ectomesenchyme increases in size because of mitosis of cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - folding of enamel organ determines shape of tooth crown and number of cusps |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- cells in enamel organ become ameloblasts
- cells in dental papilla become odontoblasts
- cells in dental follicles become cementoblasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - incremental growth of mineralized tissues by the successive addition of dentin and enamel to growing tooth crown |
|
|
Term
| successional dental lamina |
|
Definition
| - forms toot germs for succedaneous permanent teeth |
|
|
Term
| succedaneous permanent teeth |
|
Definition
| - permanent tooth with primary tooth before it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| successional dental lamina forms ____ to primary tooth germ. |
|
|
Term
| accessional or non-succedaneous teeth |
|
Definition
| - permanent teeth with no primary teeth before |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - develop from posterior extension of dental lamina distal to primary 2nd molar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - 1st mineralized tissue of tooth to form |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dentin is found in the ___ and the ___. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dentin forms the ____ of the tooth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| crown dentin, root dentin |
|
Definition
| ___ dentin is always formed first follows by ____ dentin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| odontoblasts differentiate from _____ cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there is a ______ between dental papilla cells and inner enamel epithelium that becomes DEJ. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| odontoblasts first secrete layer of matrix called ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- contains all organic material of dentin, mainly collagen type 1
- does not contain mineral
- avascular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - organic fibrillar/fibrous matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ is mineralized to form dentin. |
|
|
Term
| calcium phosphate aka HAP |
|
Definition
| - mineral component of dentin |
|
|
Term
| HAP aka calcium phosphate |
|
Definition
| - inorganic material of dentin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ % HAP in fully mineralized dentin |
|
|
Term
| incisal/cuspal edge --> apical direction |
|
Definition
| during crown formation, dentin is formed first at the ___ edge of tooth and continues in an ___ direction. |
|
|
Term
| cervix --> apical direction |
|
Definition
| during root formation, dentin forms first at ____ and continues in ____ direction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dentin continues to be formed as long as _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ migrate towards the pulp as they deposit dentin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| odontoblasts migrate towards the ____ as they deposit dentin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| odontoblast _____ will eventually be found in the pulp at the pulp-dentin interface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - odontoblast cell bodies found here |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there is always a layer of ____ next to pulp. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - portion of odontoblast left in dentin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - cell cytoplasm but not nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- channels of dentin
- contain odontoblastic processes
- extend through dentin from pulp to DEJ or DCJ |
|
|
Term
| components of dentinal tubules |
|
Definition
- odontoblastic process
- dentinal fluid
- axons
- unmineralized collage type I |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- gives dentin it's permeability/porosity
- may allow bacteria into pulp
- provide resilience/elastic quality to prevent enamel fractures |
|
|
Term
| dentin classification based on developmental pattern |
|
Definition
- primary
- secondary
- tertiary |
|
|
Term
| dentin classification based on location |
|
Definition
- mantle dentin
- circumpulpal dentin
- intertubular dentin
- intratubular/paratubular dentin |
|
|
Term
| dentin classification based on mineral content |
|
Definition
- sclerotic dentin
- globular dentin
- interglobular dentin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- dentin based on developmental pattern
- formed during odontogenesis, before completion of apical foramen of root
- ends when root is completely formed
- majority of crown and root dentin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- dentin based on developmental pattern
- formed after root and apical foramen completed
- formed after teeth come into occlusion
- forms on pulpal surface of dentin
- continues to be formed as long as tooth is vital |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- dentin based on developmental pattern
- formed in response to external stimuli (caries, attrition, abrasion, restorative procedures, other irritants)
- response to injury
- reactionary or reparative dentin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- type of tertiary dentin
- odontoblasts stimulated to synthesize this if the tooth is mildly injured
- odontoblasts must survive injury in order to synthesize this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- severe tooth injury or odontoblast death will induce newly formed odontoblast to secrete this
- type of tertiary dentin
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- dentin based on location
- first dentin formed during dentinogenesis
- adjacent to enamel in crown/ cementum in root |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- dentin based on location
- all dentin beyond mantle dentin layer
- most of dentin
- can be primary, secondary or tertiary dentin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- dentin based on location
- around and between dentinal tubules
- has many collagen fibers
- mineral content about 70% |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- dentin based on location
- lining dentinal tubule
- more highly mineralized (70%)
- contains fewer collage fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- deposition of this can narrow dentinal tubule lumen
- can reduce permeability of dentin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- dentin based on mineral content
- happens when dentinal tubules become filled with minerals such as calcium
- increases with age
- reduces dentin permeability
- may be protective mechanism for pulp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- dentin based on mineral content
- occurs when calcopsheres increase in size and eventually fuse to for this
- region of dentin where calcospheres are present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - round accumulations of HAP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- dentin based on mineral content
- hypomineralized dentin trapped between areas with normal mineral content
- likely between mantle and circumpulpal dentin
- high fluoride levels or vit D deficiency |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- histological feature of dentin
- located beneath DCJ in root only |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- histological feature of dentin
- represent areas of dentinal tubules that don't have any odontoblastic processes
- dentinal tubules filled with air
- look like black bands in ground section of tooth |
|
|
Term
| incremental lines of von ebner |
|
Definition
- histological feature of dentin
- represents where dentin has been deposited in daily increments of activity and rest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- histological feature of dentin
- represent physiological alterations in pattern of mineralization because disturbance of some kind |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- histological feature of dentin
- wide contour line of owen
- represents physiologic changes that occur at birth
- seen in primary teeth and first permanent molars |
|
|
Term
| changes in dentin with aging |
|
Definition
- reduction in number of odontoblast
- secretory activity of odontoblasts is reduced but may be reactivated after injury
- increased amount of sclerotic dentin
- dentin might undergo hypomineralization in some areas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the shape of the ___ is different for every tooth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- in the crown
- contains pulp horns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- in the roots
- called pulp canal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - opening from pulp at tooth apex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pulp develops from the _____ of the dental papilla. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pulp has embyrological origin similar to ____ because both tissues are formed from dental papilla. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in a formed tooth, ___ surrounds the pulp. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- loose connective tissues
- several cells
- organic collagen type I
- blood vessels
- nerves |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- fibroblasts
- odontoblasts
- undifferentiated mesenchymal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- most numerous cell of pulp
- produce collage fibers
- form and maintain pulp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- located in pulp adjacent to dentin
- do not proliferate by mitosis but produce secondary dentin
- produce reactive dentin in response to mild injury |
|
|
Term
| undifferentiated mesenchymal cells (UMC) |
|
Definition
- will differentiate into odontoblasts and secrete reparative dentin in response to severe injury
- decrease in number with age = ability of pulp to respond to severe injury is weakened |
|
|
Term
| blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue |
|
Definition
| ____ enter and leave pulp at apical foramen and travels through root canals to pulp chamber. |
|
|
Term
| autonomic sympathetic, sensory nerve fibers |
|
Definition
| there are _____ and ____ nerve fibers in pulp. |
|
|
Term
| autonomic sympathetic nerve fibers |
|
Definition
- surround some blood vessels in pulp
- regulate areriole diameter and blood flow in capillaries in pulp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- found throughout pulp also in dentinal tubules
- pain sensations are transmitted from dentin to pulp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- myelinated axons
- associated with sharp, quick, localized pain that goes away with stimulus
- drilling, air-drying, application of hyperosmotic fluids, heating/looking dentin can stimulate |
|
|
Term
| c fibers pain fibers in pulp |
|
Definition
- unmyelinated axons
- activated by thermal, mechanical or chemical stimuli reaching deeper parts of pulp
- play role in mediation of dull pain connected with pulpal inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- external stimuli applied to exposed dentin causes fluid in dentinal tubules to move
- fluid movement stimulates nerve endings
- how pain sensations are transmitted from dentin to pulp |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- masses in loose connective tissue
- may be free or attached to dentin surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - made of dentin and have dentinal tubules and odontoblasts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- formation caused by calcification of tissue in pulp cavity
- no dentin or dentinal tubules |
|
|
Term
| inductive function of pulp |
|
Definition
| - dental papilla interacts with dental lamina to initiate tooth formation |
|
|
Term
| formative function of pulp |
|
Definition
| - odontoblasts/UMCs form dentin following injury |
|
|
Term
| nutritional function of pulp |
|
Definition
| - blood vessels in pulp carry o2 and nutrients to dentin (no blood supply to support odontoblastic processes) |
|
|
Term
| protective function of pulp |
|
Definition
- sensory nerves in pulp respond with pain
- formation of tertiary/sclerotic dentin protects pulp from bacterial invasion |
|
|
Term
| defensive/reparative function of pulp |
|
Definition
| - involves formation of tertiary dentin and initiation of inflammation following trauma or infection |
|
|
Term
| changes in pulp with aging |
|
Definition
- size of pulp chamber decreases in size
- decrease in total number of cells in pulp
- repair following pulpal injury is reduced because UMC are less likely to differentiate to odontoblasts
- am't of collagen fibers increases
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- hardest of all tissues
- >96% HAP
- does not contain any collagen
- made of rods and interrod
- does not have cells, nerve, or blood vessels
- is nonvital tissue
- cannot be repaired
- comes from ectoderm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- differentiate from inner enamel epithelial cells
- comes from ectoderm |
|
|
Term
| 6 functional stages of ameloblasts |
|
Definition
- morphogenic
- organizing
- formative
- secretory
- maturation
- protective/desmolytic |
|
|
Term
| formative stage of ameloblast function |
|
Definition
- ameloblasts become columnar secretory cell from cuboidal cell
- thin layer of enamel is secrete on top of mantle dentin
- contains aprismatic enamel
- contains HAP crystals, but not yet organized into enamel rods |
|
|
Term
| secretory stage of ameloblast function |
|
Definition
- columnar ameloblasts develop tome's process
- formation of rods/prismatic enamel
- ameloblast within tome's process secretes enamel rods
- 30% of HAP at this point |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- cone-shaped cellular process at secretory end of each ameloblast
- faces DEJ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ameloblasts secrete ____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ___ does not contain collagen type I |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| maturation stage of ameloblast |
|
Definition
- ameloblasts undergo changes in morphology/function
- many die
- ameloblasts no longer function to secrete enamel matrix
- now mineralize existing enamel from 30-96% HAP |
|
|
Term
| ruffled-ended ameloblasts in maturation stage |
|
Definition
| - add calcium phosphate and bicarbonate ions to enamel matrix |
|
|
Term
| smooth-ended ameloblasts in maturation stage |
|
Definition
| - remove proteins and water from enamel matrix |
|
|
Term
| ruffled-ended + smooth-ended ameloblasts |
|
Definition
| - creates enamel with 96% HAP |
|
|
Term
| protective or desmolytic stage of ameloblast |
|
Definition
| - ameloblasts and other cells collapse to form reduced enamel epithelium |
|
|
Term
| reduced enamel epithelium |
|
Definition
- protects crown
- participate in tooth eruption
- forms part of gingiva
- formed from collapsed ameloblasts and cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- layering of mineralized tissues
- dentin - enamel - dentin - enamel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- enamel crystals arranged in rows
- extend from DEJ to outer surface of enamel
- varies in length depending on location
- 8-12 million of these in enamel
- parallel to each other
- perpendicular to DEJ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - alternating broad light and dark bands beginning at DEJ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - cross-striations across enamel rods |
|
|
Term
| striae of retzuis or lines of retzius |
|
Definition
- growth lines that represent 7-9 days of enamel crystal elongation
- run obliquely across enamel rods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- accentuated line of retzius
- represents disruption in ameloblast activity due to physiological changes at birth
- present in primary teeth and 1st perm. molar |
|
|
Term
| enamel lamellae or cracks |
|
Definition
- start at enamel surface and extend into enamel nearly all the way to dentin
- may be caused by trauma or developmental problem
- filled with enamel matrix proteins, salivary proteins or organic debris from oral cavity
- potential area of bacterial invasion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- attached to DEJ and extend perpendicular to DEJ into enamel
- hypomineralized areas
- no known clinical significance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- represent ends of odontoblastic processes that cross DEJ into enamel
- no major clinical significance, but may allow materials to cross from dentin to enamel |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- over cusps of teeth, enamel rods are twisted
- lack of room for deposition of enamel at cusp tips
- may confer strength or resistance to fracture in this region during mastication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- surface depressions on tooth crown that represents ends of striae of Retzuis
- usually worn away quickly on erupted teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- mineralized tooth tissue that covers root
- component of peridontium
- may form at root apex as a result of tooth eruption in response to attrition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- functions to attach the root to the surrounding alveolar bone by anchoring periodontal ligament
- might contain cells
- no blood vessels or nerves
- forms throughout vital life of tooth
- may cause apical constriction by narrowing apical foramen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- form cementum
- derived from cells of dental follicle (sac) [from ectomesenchyme] surrounding the root
- single layer of cells on cementum next to periodontal ligament |
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Term
|
Definition
- cementoblasts secrete pre-cementum
- no cells, no mineral content, no blood vessels or nerves in pre-cementum
- pre-cementum contains collagen type I |
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Term
|
Definition
- no mineral content
- no cells
- no blood vessels or nerves
- contain collagen type I
- secreted by cementoblasts |
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Term
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Definition
- pre-cementum mineralized
- 50% HAP (closest to bone)
- some cementum may have cells trapped in mineral |
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Term
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Definition
| - % of HAP most similar to bone |
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Term
|
Definition
- cells surrounded by cementum
- receive o2 and nutrients from periodontal ligament |
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Term
| AEFC (acellular extrinsic fiber cementum) |
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Definition
- no cementocytes
- sharpey's fibers insert to anchor periodontal ligament
- covers cervical 1/3-2/3 of root
- major role in anchoring root to the PDL |
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Term
| CIFC (cellular intrinsic fiber cementum) |
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Definition
- contains cementocytes
- contains collagen type I but no sharpey's fibers
- not as important in root attachment
- found in root furcations, apical root and resorption, root fracture sites and following wounding |
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Term
| root apex, interradicular areas, cervically |
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Definition
cementum is thickest at _____ and ____ of multirooted teeth.
cementum is thinnest _____. |
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Term
| incremental growth lines in cementum |
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Definition
- reflect appositional growth of cementum
- one line to next may represent one year of cementum growth
- used to determine age of humans and animals |
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Term
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Definition
| - type of cementum deposited slowly through life of tooth |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ continues to be formed throughout life of tooth, deposited on pulp side and narrows pulp chamber. |
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Term
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Definition
| ___ has no cells, therefore cannot be regenerated once tooth erupts. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ continues to form on outside of root and may narrow the apical foramen. |
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Term
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Definition
- cementum overlaps enamel at CEJ
- most common relationship of cementum to enamel |
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Term
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Definition
| - cementum and enamel meet end to end |
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Term
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Definition
| - there is a space between cementum and enamel, exposing dentin |
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Term
| odontoclasts, cementoblasts |
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Definition
| ____ resorb cementum and _____ deposit new cementum. |
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Term
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Definition
| new cementum is usually _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| root formation begins after ____ is formed to the cervical loop. |
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Term
| inner and outer enamel epithelium |
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Definition
| ____ and ____ from enamel organ form HERS. |
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Term
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Definition
- regulator of root formation
- size/shape/length/number
- induces differentiation of odontoblasts from dental papilla to produce root dentin
- induces differentiation of dental follicle into cementoblasts to produce cementum |
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Term
|
Definition
| - induces differentiation of odontoblasts from dental papilla to produce root dentin |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ is formed before cementum. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ produce root/radicular dentin |
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Term
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Definition
| - degenerates in area of root where dentin has been secreted, causing breaks in continuity |
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Term
| dental follicle sacs, cementoblasts |
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Definition
cells from _____ pass through breaks in HERS and contact root dentin.
these cells differentiate into ____ and produce cementum. |
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Term
| epithelial rests of malassez |
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Definition
| - cells form islands in periodontal ligament in adult |
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Term
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Definition
| continued proliferation of IEE and OEE allow the ____ to grow. |
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Term
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Definition
- formed by HERS bending inward at growing apical end
- determines number of roots that will form |
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Term
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Definition
| - vertical movement of tooth from its nonfunctional position in bone to functional occlusion |
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Term
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Definition
| - does not involve tooth movement but occurs due to apical recession of gingival tissues exposing more tooth structure into oral cavity |
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Term
| moment of eruption/emergence |
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Definition
| - time when any part of crown can be seen through oral epithelium |
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Term
| reduced enamel epithelium |
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Definition
- formed during protective stage in ameloblast life cycle when they flatten
- covers enamel crown until tooth erupts |
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Term
| fusion of REE with overlying oral epithelium |
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Definition
| - when primary/secondary tooth ready to erupt, reduced enamel epithelium fuses with epithelium lining oral cavity |
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Term
| breakdown of overlying connective tissue |
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Definition
| - digestive enzymes degrade tissues and a tunnel is formed for the tooth to erupt |
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Term
| emergence into the oral cavity |
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Definition
- penetrates through fused REE and oral epithelium
- crown enters oral cavity
- epithelial layers peel off crown as it is erupted |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ peel off crown as it erupts and eventually becomes part of gingiva. |
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Term
| the cell bodies are located in the pulp |
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Definition
which of the following is true of odontoblasts?
- they are derived from ectoderm
- they die as tooth is erupting
- their main function is to resorb dentin
- cell bodies are located in the pulp |
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Term
|
Definition
what is the percentage of HAP in mature enamel?
- 50
- 70
- 96
- 100 |
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Term
| their main function is to resorb dentin |
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Definition
which of the following is true of odontoclasts?
- they are derived from ectoderm
- they die as tooth is erupting
- their main function is to resorb dentin
- cell bodies are located in the pulp |
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Term
| they die as the tooth is erupting |
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Definition
which of the following is true of ameloblasts?
- they are derived from ectomesenchyme
- they die as tooth is erupting
- their main function is to resorb dentin
- cell bodies are located in the pulp |
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Term
| they are derived from ectomesenchyme |
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Definition
which of the following is true of cementoblasts?
- they are derived from ectomesenchyme
- they die as tooth is erupting
- their main function is to resorb dentin
- cell bodies are located in the pulp |
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Term
|
Definition
what is the percentage of HAP in mature dentin?
- 50
- 70
- 96
- 100 |
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Term
|
Definition
what is the percentage of HAP in mature cementum?
- 50
- 70
- 96
- 100 |
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Term
|
Definition
what is the percentage of HAP in mature bone?
- 50
- 70
- 96
- 100 |
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Term
|
Definition
dental follicle (sac) forms all of the following except one. which is the exception?
- pulp
- periodontal ligament
- cementum
- alveolar bone |
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Term
|
Definition
dental papilla forms all of the following except one. which is the exception?
- pulp
- periodontal ligament
- dentin |
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Term
|
Definition
dental lamina forms which of the following?
- pulp
- periodontal ligament
- cementum
- enamel |
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Term
|
Definition
which of the following cells produces pre-cementum?
- cementoclasts
- cementocytes
- cementoblasts
- odontoclasts |
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Term
|
Definition
which of the following cells resorbs cementum?
- cementoclasts
- cementocytes
- cementoblasts
- odontoclasts |
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Term
|
Definition
which of the following cells is trapped in mineral?
- cementoclasts
- cementocytes
- cementoblasts
- odontoclasts |
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Term
|
Definition
all of the following are derived from ectomesenchyme except one:
- enamel
- dentin
- cementum
- pulp |
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Term
|
Definition
the hydrodynamic theory of dentin sensitivity is based on the movement of:
- lymph
- dentinal tubule fluid
- blood in capillaries
- tissue fluid in pulp |
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Term
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Definition
which of the following must occur for the exfoliation of primary teeth?
- enamel must be destroyed
- cementum must be formed on root
- root must be resorbed
- new alveolar bone must be formed around the tooth |
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Term
|
Definition
HERS determines all of the following except:
- shape of roots
- number of tooth roots
- root length
- the shape of crown |
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Term
|
Definition
the major mineral component of dentin is:
- collagen type I
- dentin proteins
- sodium chloride
- HAP |
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Term
|
Definition
which of the following is the major elastic component of the periodontal ligament?
- elastic fibers
- oxytalan fibers
- elaunin
- reticular fibers |
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Term
| consists of basal lamina and hemidesmosomes |
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Definition
the epithelial attachment of the gingiva:
- attaches the gingiva to alveolar bone
- is absent in erupted tooth
- consists of basal lamina and hemidesmosomes
- permits tooth root to be in direct contact with fluids in oral cavity |
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Term
|
Definition
| - band of connecitve tissues btwn tooth cementum and alveolar bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| - gingiva, PDL, cementum and alveolar bone |
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Term
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Definition
- attach tooth to surrounding alveolar bone
- contains cells, blood vessels and nerves
- no HAP |
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Term
|
Definition
- develops at same time that root begins to form
- forms from dental follicle (sac) |
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Term
|
Definition
- connective tissues
- has cells
- fibers
- extracellular matrix |
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Term
|
Definition
- most numerous cell in PDL
- synthesize collagen fibers
- produce sharpey's fibers that anchor PDL to cementum |
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Term
| fibers and extracellular matrix in PDL |
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Definition
- collagen type I
- oxytalan fibers
- glycoproteins, proteins, 70% water |
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Term
|
Definition
- fibrous component of PDL
- located near blood vessels
- might function to stabilize blood vessels |
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Term
|
Definition
- fibrous component in PDL
- bundles of collagen type I
- adapt to stresses placed on PDL
- one end attached to cementum
- other end attached to bone or cementum |
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Term
| principal fiber/alveolodental fiber groups |
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Definition
- alveolar crest
- horizontal
- oblique
- apical
- interradicular |
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Term
| alveolar crest fiber group |
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Definition
- cementum just below CEJ to alveolar crest
- resist tilting, intrusive, extrusive, rotational |
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Term
|
Definition
- apical displacement
- leads to fracture of alveolar socket |
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Term
|
Definition
- movement of tooth in occlusal direction
- periodontal ligament usually town |
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Term
|
Definition
- complete displacement of tooth
- PDL severed
- alveolar bone fractured |
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Term
|
Definition
- cervical third of root at right angles to long axis
- attach cementum to bone apical of alveolar crest
- resists tilting and rotation |
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Term
|
Definition
- most numerous group
- apical 2/3 of root
- fibers slant from cementum to alveolar bone
- resist intrusive forces
- suspends tooth in socket |
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Term
|
Definition
- radiates around apex and forms base of tooth socket
- resists extrusive, tilting and rotational forces |
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Term
| interradicular fiber group |
|
Definition
- only in multirooted teeth
- attach cementum to bone in areas of interradicular septum |
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Term
|
Definition
- fibers embedded in cementum of adjacent teeth
- pass over alveolar crest
- ensure teeth remain in proper relationship to eachother
- aka interdental ligament |
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Term
|
Definition
| the PDL is well-vascularized because of the metabolic needs of ______ involved in high collagen turnover rates. |
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Term
|
Definition
| _____ axons generally follow blood vessels and innervate smooth muscle cells to regulate dialation |
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Term
|
Definition
| ____ fibers can be noci or mechanoreceptors |
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Term
|
Definition
- supportive/attachment
- formative
- resorption/remodeling
- sensory
- nutritive |
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Term
|
Definition
- collagen type I
- cells
- blood vessels
- nerves
- 50% HAP
- surrounds tooth |
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Term
|
Definition
- solid plate of bone surrounding periodontal ligament
- compact bone
- sharpey's fibers connect here |
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Term
|
Definition
- rests on basal bone
- surrounds tooth |
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Term
|
Definition
| - beneath alveolar process |
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Term
|
Definition
- radiographic term for alveolar bone proper
- radiopaque line around tooth root
- if absent, indicates periodontal pathology |
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Term
|
Definition
- histological term for alveolar bone proper
- area of alveolar bone proper where sharpey's fibers of PDL attach |
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Term
|
Definition
- anatomic term for alveolar bone proper
- blood vessels and nerves penetrate through foramina |
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Term
| cancellous or trabecular bone |
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Definition
- aka spingiosa or medullary
- contains bone marrow
- young = many blood forming cells
- old = fat tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
- outer and inner plates of compact bone on buccal and lingual surfaces of max/mand
- attachment site for muscle
- similar to bone found in other areas of body |
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Term
|
Definition
| - individual has no teeth at all in upper or lower jaw |
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Term
|
Definition
| - missing one or more teeth |
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Term
|
Definition
- most cervical or coronal region of alveolar bone
- 1/2mm apical to CEJ
- uniform height in healthy mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
| - bone between roots of same tooth |
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Term
|
Definition
| - bone between two neighboring teeth |
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Term
|
Definition
| - developed by intramembranous ossification |
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Term
|
Definition
- formed by endocondral ossification
- continues growth until 2nd/3rd decade of life |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| - meckel's cartilage is hyaline cartilage present in ____ pharyngeal arch located near mandibular prominence of ___ arch. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ___ forms alongside meckel's cartilage |
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Term
|
Definition
| ____ resorb bone on pressure side of orthodontics while ____ form new bone on tension side. |
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Term
|
Definition
| T/F: crown enamel/crown dentin are formed to cervical loop before HERS is formed from IEE and OEE. |
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Term
| false, HERS is formed before dental papilla --> odontoblasts build dentin |
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Definition
| T/F: HERS is formed after dental papilla cells close to HERS become odontoblasts and build dentin. |
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Term
|
Definition
| T/F: dental papilla cells become odontoblasts and form root dentin before the cells of HERS degerate? |
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Term
|
Definition
| T/F: HERS degernate before dental follicle contact root dentin and become cementoblasts. |
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Term
|
Definition
| T/F: dental follicle cells contact root dentin and become cementoblasts before cementoblasts form root cementum |
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Term
|
Definition
| T/F: cementoblasts form root cementum before epithelial rests of Malassez are formed. |
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