Term
| What's the Epidermis made of & derived from? What does it give rise to? |
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Definition
| keratinized squamus epithelium. Derived from Ectoderm. Gives rise to hair, nails, sebaceous, sweat & mammary glands |
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Term
| What's Dermis made of? Derived from? |
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Definition
| Dense Connective Tissue. Mesoderm. |
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Term
| What's hypodermis made of? What type of cells are present? |
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Definition
| Loose Connective Tissue. Adipose (fat) cells. |
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Term
| 5 layers of epidermis? (bottem - top) |
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Definition
| Stratum; Basale - Spinosa - Granulosa - Lucidem (only in thick) - Corneum |
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Term
| Stratum Basale: how many layers? what type of cells here? dividing? What are the cells held together by? |
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Definition
| Single layer of cells. Contain Stem cells. Mitotic. Desmosomes. |
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Term
| Stratum Espinosum. shape & type of cells? dividing? |
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Definition
| Polyhedral Keratinocytes (prickle cells). Desmosomes give spiny look. Mitotically active. |
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Term
| what two layers = stratum germativum? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| keratin intermediate filaments in skin. |
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Term
| stratum granulosum. last stage of presence of what? type of cells here? what do they contain? Function of these? |
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Definition
| highest level nuclei are still present. Flattened Keratinocytes with basophilic granules(keratohyelin granules) (bind keratin filaments together)(mostly in thick skin) |
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Term
| Lamellar Granules. where? 2 functions? |
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Definition
| stratum spinosum & granulosum. lipid sheets that function like intercellular cement in granulosum layer. Waterproofs Skin. |
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Term
| stratum lucidum. what type of cells? containing what? lacking what? |
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Definition
| keratinocytes with no nuclei or organelles. does contain keratin filaments. |
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Term
| Stratum Corneum. what type of cells? also called? |
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Definition
| 15-20 layers of flattened, dead cells filled with keratin. Called Squames. |
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Term
| Thick skin. how many epidermal layers? where on body found? lack two things? |
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Definition
| 400-600 layers. palms & sole of feet. lack hair follicles & sebaceous glands. |
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Term
| thin skin. how many layers? lack what? |
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Definition
| 75 -150. lack stratum lucidum. |
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Term
| Melanocyte. Shape? where found? Derived from? Division? Melanin path & life? |
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Definition
| Dendritic. Stratum Basale. Derived from Neural Crest Cells. Can replicate. Melanin synthesized in melanocyte - migrate up and go into keratinocyte - degraded by lysosome. |
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Term
| Melanin precursor, enzyme? what activates it? 2 types of melanin? |
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Definition
| Tyrosine. Tyrosinase. activated by UV light. pheomelanins (yellow/red) & eumalins (brown/black) |
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Term
| what determines skin color? |
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Definition
| 1. amount of melanin produced. 2. rate of melanin degradation. 3. location of melanin (near basal layer in light skin people, throughout epidermis in dark skin people) |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. absence of tyrosinase activity 2. inability of cells to take up tyrosine. |
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Term
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Definition
| random patches of destroyed melanocytes. |
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Term
| Langerhans cells. what derived from? where found? function? |
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Definition
| from precursors in bone marrow. found in stratum spinosum. antigen presenting cells. |
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Term
| 2 parts of dermis? what made of? |
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Definition
| Papillary layer & reticular layer. Made of Dense connective tissue with Type 1 collagen & elastic fibers. |
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Term
| what cause skin wrinkling in old age? |
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Definition
| 1. cross linking of collagen fibers lost & loss of elastic fibers. 2. degeneration of these fibers due to sun exposure. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Epidermis of skin separate from dermis. pooling of lymph while regrowth of skin underneath. Caused by friction/irritation. |
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Term
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Definition
| thickening of stratum corneum from high pressure on skin. |
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Term
| Free nerve ending. where? what sense? Myelinated? |
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Definition
| Stratum Granulosum. touch/heat/cold/pain/itch/hair movements. No myelination. |
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Term
| Meisner corpuscle. where? what sense? |
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Definition
| Dermal Papillae under basal lamina (nips, lips, vag and peen). touch/tactile stimuli. |
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Term
| Pacinian corpuscle. where? what sense? Myelinated? |
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Definition
| Deep Dermis & Hypodermis. Deep Pressure/Vibrational pressure. Is myelinated. |
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Term
| Merkels disk. where? what sense? Myelinated? |
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Definition
| Stratum Basale (finger tips). acute perception. is myelinated. |
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Term
| Ruffini Endings. where? what sense? shape? |
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Definition
| Deep layers of skin. stretch receptor. long spindle shape. |
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Term
| Glassy Membrane in hair function? what gives hair its color? where does hair growth come from? |
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Definition
| separates dermis from epithelium. melanocytes. proliferation of Matrix Cells = growth. |
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Term
| What erects hair (cold weather) |
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Definition
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Term
| eccrine sweat glands. what secrete? where found? what derived from? shape? what type of secretion? Main Function. What Cell aids in it's secretion? |
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Definition
| secrete sweat. found all over body in reticular layer of dermis. develop from invagination of epithelium. simple coiled tubular shape. merocrine secretion (exocytosis). Thermoregulation. Myoepithelial cells aid in secretion. |
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Term
| apocrine sweat glands. where found? When start function? What else secrete? Duct go into what? Type of secretion? Compared to eccrine gland? |
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Definition
| Found in arm pits/ areola/ anal region. Don't function till puberty. Also pheromone secretion. Duct empty into hair follicle. Merocrine (exocytosis) type of secretion. Wider lumen than eccrine gland. |
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Term
| sebaceous glands. where found? what secrete? Function of that? when start function? Diff between sebaceous follicle & gland? Type of secretion. |
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Definition
| All over body in Dermis except thick skin cuz no hair there (alot in face/scalp). Secrete Sebum (oily) prevents water loss. Start function at puberty. Follicle empty directly in skin, gland empty in to hair follicle. Holocrine Secretion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Scar - wound repair fill with collagen from fibroblasts. Keloid - when collagen proliferation doesn't stop. (genetic disease) |
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Term
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Definition
freckle - increased melanin production / no increase in melanocytes.
mole - groups of melanocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
| papillomavirus infects skin - hyperplasia. Rx - salicylic acid (dissolve keratin) |
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Term
| 1st, 2nd, 3rd degree burns? |
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Definition
| 1st - dividing keratinocytes destroyed in stratum basale. 2nd - stratum basale destroyed. 3rd - all keratinocytes destroyed. |
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Term
| basal cell carcinoma? metastasize? Rx? |
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Definition
| in stratum basale. don't metastasize. Rx - surgery. |
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Term
| squamus cell carcinoma. Where in skin? metastisize? Cause? Rx? |
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Definition
| In keratinocytes of epidermis. may metastesize. cuase by UV/X-ray/soot/chemicals etc. Rx - surgery/chemo. |
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Term
| Melanoma. Where in skin? Metastasize? Cause? |
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Definition
| Melanocytes. Highly metastic. UV = cause. |
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