Term
| 4 functions of conducting system |
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Definition
| conducts & warms air, to create sound, smell |
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Term
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Definition
| vestibule, respiratory segment, olfactory segment |
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Term
| vestibule: lining? hairs? conchae function? |
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Definition
| stratified squamous epithelium (same as skin). oil & sweat glands. has stiff hairs (vibrasse) to entrap large debri. conchae churn air (moisten, clean & warm) |
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Term
| respiratory portion of nasal cavity: lining? |
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Definition
| respiratory epithelium (except in olfactory area) |
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Term
| respiratory epithelium, 5 parts? function of each. |
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Definition
| 1. ciliated columnar (mostly, lots of mito for ATP to beat cilia) 2. mucous goblet cells (secrete mucous). 3. Brush cells (columner w microvilli - afferent projection therefore sensory) 4. Basal cells (stem cells) 5. Small Granule Cells (endocrine -secrete bombesin & seratonin to regulate smooth muscle tone, bronchial blood flow, secretion) |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of dyneyin in cilia - respiratory problems (can't clear debri, mucous which aggregate and bacteria can grow), immotile sperm |
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Term
| 3 cell types in olfactory epithelia |
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Definition
| olfactory bipolar receptor neurons (last for a month) w/ immotile cilia (axon form filas olfactoria group w other neuron axons), physical & metabolic supporting (sustenacular) cells, basal cells (make new neurons) |
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Term
| 2 criteria for an odorant. what type of compounds? does one odor respond to only one receptor? what happens when odorant binds receptor. |
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Definition
| 1. volatile to get transported. 2. sufficient concentration to interact w olfactory receptors. Mostly organic compounds but some inorganic like ammonia. No, odors are sense by several diff receptors. Once bound - conformational change and receptor binds and activates a G-protein in the neuron. |
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Term
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Definition
| beneath olfactory epithelium. Serous secreting. dissolves odorant to clear for new smell. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1. odorant - receptor 2. receptor conf change - activate G-protein 3. neuron AP thru glomeruli 4. synapse on to mitral cell in olfactory bulb 5. olfactory tract to brain |
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Term
| numbers of neurons to glomeruli to mitral cells |
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Definition
| 2000 neurons to 1 glomerulus to 1 mitral cell. 400 diff glomeruli. 5 million oflactory receptors |
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Term
| 3 portions of pharynx cavity and lining of each? |
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Definition
| 1. nasopharynx - respiratory epithelium 2. oropharynx - stratified squamus 3. laryngeal pharynx - same as 2. |
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Term
| structure of larynx, function |
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Definition
| Wall made of hyalin cartilage (thyroid & cricoid cartilage. and Elastic cartilage (epiglottis) all connected by ligaments. Phonation of sound & close air pipe when swallowing. |
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Term
| Mucosa (2 folds) of larynx. what separates the two? what is movable one made of? |
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Definition
| False vocal chords (immovable). True chords. separated by laryngeal ventricle. True chords made of dense regular elastic connective tissue. |
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Term
| true vocal chord structure? |
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Definition
| 1. stratified squamus epithelium. 2. vocal ligament (elastic C.T.) 3. vocal muscle (skeletal) |
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Term
| false vocal chord structure? |
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Definition
| 1. respiratory epithelium (pseudostratified ciliated). 2. lamina propria with exocrine glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of function and structure of cells. like what smoking does to your respiratory epithelium. |
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Term
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Definition
| respiratory epithelium. Lamina propria has c-shaped hyalin cartilage rings with open end of smooth muscle. dense fibroelastic ligament between rings. open end of c-rings face esophagus. |
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Term
| 3 layers of tracheal wall |
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Definition
| 1. mucosa (psoudo-strat ciliated eptih) thick basal lamina, lamina propria lotta elastic fibers. 2. submucosa - denser with glands 3. adventitia - fibroelastic C.T. (hyalin cartilage) |
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Term
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Definition
| trachea - primary bronchi - enter lung at hilium - secondary bronchi (irregular plates of hyalin cartilage not c-shaped, 2 on left, 3 on right) - bronchiole (no more cartilage plates or ciliated epithelium but more smooth muscle & some goblet cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| spasmodic contraction of bronchi. steroids & B-agonists relieve it |
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Term
| Clara Cells. where find more? function? how much SER? |
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Definition
| in epithelium of terminal bronchi. incr as ciliated cells decr. Secrete GAGs to prevent adhesion of pollutants. has cytochrome P450 that metabolize airborne toxins. lots of Smooth ER. |
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Term
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Definition
| respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, sacs (at the end of a duct) & alveoli. |
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Term
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Definition
| site of gas exchange. interalveolur wall/septum between them (C.T. elastic fibers & capillaries) type 1 & 2 pneumocytes/alveolur cells. |
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Term
| Type 1 pneumocyte: #? lining? joined together by? do they divide? |
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Definition
| most numerous. simple squamus epith. joined by tight junctions. NO mitotic activity (come from type 2) |
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Term
| Type 2 pneumocyte. size/shape? function? composition of excretion? and function of that? Where is excretion stored? |
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Definition
| large/round. basophilic nuclei. lamellar bodies containing surfactant (phospholipid rich & proteins - reduce surface tension to prevent collapse). Surfactant stored in Lamellar Bodies. |
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Term
| alveolus pores. also called? where? |
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Definition
| equalize pressure in alveoli. pores of Kohn. Found in inter-alveolar septum. |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction of interalveolur walls, thus larger air space distal to bronchioles. get respiratory insufficiency cuz less surface area for gas exchange. the main cause of cigarette smoking. |
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Term
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Definition
| thickening of bronchial walls thus narrowing them. |
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