• Morphology
  • small specific granules staining lilac color
  • multilobate
  • immature cells form bands
• Abundance
  • colony stimulating factor
  • Normal: 65%
  • Abnormal
    • neutrophilia (over 7500)
    • neutropenia (less than 1800)
• Life-span
  • circulating in blood 6-10 hours
  • attaching to capillary walls.
  • diapedesis through post cap venules
  • live in tissue spaces one week

Eosinophils

• Morphology
  • large specific granules
  • sausage-shaped, bilobed nucleus
• Abundance
  • Normal - approx 2%
  • Abnormal
    • esinophilia (90% with allergies or parasitic infection)
    • eosinopenia (not commonly detected)
• Function
  • phagcytose antigen-antibody complexes and kill parasitic invaders
  • receptors fo IgG, IgE and complement
• Life Span
  • produced in bone marrow (IL-5 causes proliferation), histamine and IL-5 cause proliferation and sequestration of eosinophils
  • corticosteroids depress the number of eosinophils in circulation
  • in blood for several hours, weeks in tissue;

• Morphology
  •  large franules containing heparin and staining basophilic
  • s, u or j shaped nucleus
  • specific granules dark blue (not pink)
• Abundance
  • normal: 1%
  • abnormal
    • basophilia - myeloid metaplasia; smallpox and chronic sinusitis
    • no basopenia
• Function:
  • antigen to IgE receptor leads to heparin and histamine release 
    • similar to mast cells in function (diff origin)
  • IgE and FcERI receptors on mem
  • INITIATORS OF INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE
  • related to anaphylactic shock (intense generalized response caused by degranulation of basophil and mast cells)

• Morphology
  • blue-gray cytoplasm w/ fine azurophilic granules
  • nucleus indented, twisted, or folded
  • largest of circulating blood cells (9-15microns)
  • 2 nucleoli
• abundance
  • normal: 5%
  • Abnormal
    • Monocytosis (over 300/mm3)
      • (pre-)leukemia
    • monocytopenia
      • bone marrow destruction
• Function
  • may be phagocytic
  • morphogenesis
    • only few days in blood, migrate through post-cap venules
    • mitosis to become phagocytes
    • variably modified
      • kupffer's cells (liver)
      • macrophages (lung, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow)
      • osteoclasts (Bone)
      • microglia (nervous tissue)
  • phagocytosis and immune response
• Originate in bone marrow as promonocytes

Lymphocytes

1. Morphology
   • Large nucleus
   • No nucleoli
   • Few large granules in cytoplasm
2. Abundance
   • Normal: 30%
   • Abnormal
     • Lymphocytosis (over 4,500)
       • Usually due to infection in children
       • Infectious mononucleosis in young aduts
       • Chronic Lymphocytic leukemia in older adults
     • Lymphopenia (under 1000)
       • Fairly nonspecific, but may be due to carcinoma, corticosteoids, acute stress, thymic aplasia
3. Functions
   • B lympocytes (155)
     • Produce memory cells and effector cells
       • IgE, IgA, IgM, IgG
   • T lymphs (80%)
     • Produce memory cells and effector cells
       • T helper cells and T suppressor cells
4. Origin
   • B from bone marrow
   • T from thymus

 

 

Epimysium