Term
| What stain is used for proteins? |
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Definition
Eosin (remember eosinophils?) Red in color |
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Term
| What stain is used for nucleic acids? |
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Definition
Hemotoxylyn (blue in color) (Remember basophils?) |
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Term
| What are 3 forms of membrane proteins? |
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Definition
1)Free to diffuse 2)anchored at a specific site 3)associated into large, multi-protein complexes |
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Term
| As far as organelles go, what are some features of mitochondria? |
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Definition
| They have their own DNA and are self-replicating |
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Term
| What are the functions of smooth ER? |
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Definition
1)sequestration of cytoplasmic Ca 2)incolved in steroid metabolism membrane recyling and detoxification of drugs |
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Term
| What is the approx size of a red blood cell, and why do we care? |
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Definition
RBC size is used as a size frame of refference 7 microns in diameter |
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Term
| How does vesicular trafficking work? |
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Definition
Invaginations in the cell membrane pinch off creating membrane bound vesicles. The reverse happens when the vesicle is delivered |
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Term
| What are the main functions of Golgi? |
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Definition
| Protein sorting & processing |
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Term
T/F Golgi have only anterograde transport? |
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Definition
False! Golgi have both anterograde and retrograde transport |
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Term
| What proteins are involved in the formation of vesicles of the endocytic pathway? |
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Definition
Clathrins (remember triskelions?) |
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Term
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Definition
| Microtubule organizing center |
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Term
T/F Kinesins move tword (+) end of microtubules |
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Definition
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Term
T/F The fusion of secretory granules with the plasma membrane almost always involves an elevation in Magnesium |
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Definition
FALSE The fusion of secretory granules with the plasma membrane almost always involves an elevation in Calcium |
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Term
T/F Dyneins move tword (+) end of microtubules |
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Definition
False! Dyneins move tword (-) end |
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Term
| What are the 4 basic types of tissue? |
|
Definition
Epithelia Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue |
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Term
| What are 2 prime functions of epithelia? |
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Definition
1)To create a barrier between compartments 2)to create or contribute to the differences in compartments |
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Term
| What is the extracellular matrix (ECM)? |
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Definition
| The structural network of macrotubules that supports and influences the behavior and fate of cells |
|
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Term
| What are the two basic types of connective tissue? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 3 glycoproteins of the ECM |
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Definition
| Tenascin, Laminin & Fibronectin |
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Term
| How many fibronectin genes are there? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
FALSE Laminins are trimers |
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|
Term
T/F Tenascins are monomers |
|
Definition
FALSE Tenascins are hexamers (they're huge! The many "arms" can generate a lot of force) |
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|
Term
T/F Integrin alpha-5-beta-1 is specific to fibronectin |
|
Definition
TRUE (but don't confuse it wit alpha-V-beta-1) |
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|
Term
T/F The ECM can bind and activate growth factors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the ECM works to pull wounds shut? |
|
Definition
| thousands of myofibroblasts working together |
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|
Term
| Define: Homotypic interactions |
|
Definition
| Interactions between the same kind of cell protein expressed by a neighboring cell |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| A huge family of transmembrane proteins that bind cells via Ca-dependent homotypic interactions interactions |
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Term
|
Definition
| Selectins are a family of transmembrane proteins that bind cells together via Ca-dependent heterotypic interactions |
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Term
| Why is blocking alpha-5-beta-1 integrin (fibronectin receptor) helpful in the treatment of cancer? |
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Definition
| Blocking the fibronectin receptor can help limit cancer cell mobility (limit metastasis) |
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Term
| What are 3 major features used in the naming of epithelia? |
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Definition
1) # of layers 2) shape of cells on the apical surface 3)apical characteristics (ie cilia, karatiniziation) |
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|
Term
| What are the 4 basic epithelial cell shapes? |
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Definition
| Squamous, cuboidal, columnar & transitional |
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|
Term
| Name 4 types of cell junctions |
|
Definition
Gap junctions Desmosomes (macula adherins) Zonula adherins Tight junctions (zonula occludens) |
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Term
| What are 3 classifications of epithelial layers? |
|
Definition
simple (1 layer) Stratified (2 or more layers) Pseudostratified (1 layer that looks like more) |
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Term
| What filaments are seen at the core of a microvillus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 mechanisms for cell secretion? |
|
Definition
Merocrine (no membrane lost) Apocrine (membrane bound visicles bud off) Holocrine (entire cell bursts) |
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|
Term
| List the 3 types of adult loose CT |
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Definition
|
|
Term
What makes most of the type I collagen of the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the only cell type found in dense donnective tissue? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the precursor cell to plasma cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the precursor cell to a macrophage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do mast cells secrete? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the average lifespan os a red blood cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the lifespan of a platelet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) Hope you can guess function from there :) |
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|
Term
| How does setonin help clotting? |
|
Definition
Serotonin causes vasoconstriction in blood vessels with damaged endotheleum. Also helps to activate platelets. |
|
|
Term
| List 3 types of granular leukocytes |
|
Definition
Neutrophils Eosiniphils Basophils |
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|
Term
| Which type of leukocyte is largest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do neutrophils target? |
|
Definition
| Bacteria and other infectious agents |
|
|
Term
| What do eosinophils target? |
|
Definition
| Eosinophils are particularly effective in parasitic infections |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the basic unit of a myofibril? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F The M-line of a sarcomere is made up of actin? |
|
Definition
FALSE M-line is made of myosin |
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|
Term
T/F During a muscle contraction the I-band shortens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of T-tubules? |
|
Definition
T-tubules serve to conduct an action potential deep into cell interior |
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|
Term
T/F Skeletal muscle fibers are mononucleated |
|
Definition
False They can have up to hundreds of nuclei |
|
|
Term
| What are muscle spindles? |
|
Definition
| Muscle spindles are small groups of modified muscle fibers which have both afferent and efferent motor neurons |
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|
Term
T/F 40% of a cardiac muscle cell is taken up by mitochondria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F Like skeletal muscle, smooth muscle had T-tubules |
|
Definition
False Smooth muscle does not have t-tubules |
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|
Term
| What stain is used for reticular fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 broad parameters of stem cells? |
|
Definition
1) the ablility to self-renew 2)pleri-or multi- potency |
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|
Term
| What are 2 types of cell death? |
|
Definition
necrosis (due to injury) Apoptosis (programmed cell death) |
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