Term
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Definition
| Characterized by impaired mineralization of bone causing thick osteoid seams. This is also known as adult rickets. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by thin trabeculae and thin cortical bone, decrease in bone mass. Examples include loss of estradiol during menopause as well as the effects of alcohol on bone. Chronic use of alcohol inhibits osteoblasts and increases osteoclast activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Also known as Marble Bone Disease. Excessive formation of dense trabecular bone due to osteoclast dysfunction. Osteoclasts cannot resorb bone properly, and excessive bone is produced. Ostoclasts lack a ruffled border in this disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by impaired mineralization of bone in children. Deficiency in Vitamin D which causes bones to bend and soften. Other symptoms include impaired growth, bowlegs, teeth deformities, fever and muscle cramps. Adult form of this disease is known as Oseomalacia |
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Term
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Definition
| Characterized by uncontrolled osteoclast activity. The excessive breakdown and formation of bone tissue that occurs with *** disease can cause bone to weaken, resulting in bone pain, arthritis, deformities, and fractures. |
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Term
| Effect of somatotropin or GH on bone growth |
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Definition
| See Box 8.3; Chrondrocytes in epiphyseal growth plate (acting directly on osteoprogeniter cells, stimulating them to divide and differentiate) are regulated by IGF-1, which is produced by the liver in response to GH. Oversecretion in childhood leads to gigantism, an abnormal increase in bone length due to chondrocyte growth. |
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Term
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Definition
Results from an overall loss of integrity or elasticity of fibrocartilage associated with the annulus fibrosus. This results in protrusion of the nucleus pulposus through the annulus fibrosis into the surrounding area of the vertebrae. Usually associated with dehydration of nucleus pulposus or annulus fibrosus
Can cause severe pain or numbness if protrusion impinges on a nerve or the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| Chrondrocytes in epiphyseal growth plate are regulated by IGF-1, which is produced by the liver in response to GH. Oversecretion in childhood leads to ****, an abnormal increase in bone length due to chondrocyte growth. Absence or hyposecretion leads to pituitary dwarfism. |
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Term
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Definition
| Highly malignant tumor, forms neoplastic bone tissue. This is the most common primary malignant bone tumor. Most affected people exhibit mutations in retinoblastoma gene. Often arises in vicinity of knee, 98% die of metastases to lung. Malignant osteoblasts produce woven bone, serum alkaline phosphatase levels are increased in half of patients. Radiographic sunburst pattern is present . |
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