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| A series of revolutions in Western Europe that led to governmental changes. People are pushing for self-determination (Europe ruled by big empires) and for changes in the government system like the creation of a parliament (Conservative, authoritarian governments). Industrialization leads to thousands of people moving into cities, into horrible living and work conditions; a growing unhappy mass of people that led to riots in 1848. Examples are the Milan boycott of tobacco, opposition to the papal government in Rome, greater political freedom in France, students banding with workers in Vienna. |
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| An organized massacre of a particular ethnic group, in particular that of Jews in Russia or eastern Europe. The term describes attacks during the 19th and 20th century. |
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| Short story by Lamed Shapiro that narrates the story of a soldier that ends up hating the Jews and participating in a pogrom. |
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| He was a Jew during a pogrom, attacked by Vasilenko in "The Kiss" by Lamed Shapiro. He was wealthy and was targeted for it. |
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| 2002: UMD student was stabbed at a party near campus after a fight broke out. A non-student, John Schlamp, was arrested and eventually sent to jail for the crime but, because there was no proof of his actually committing the murder, he was imprisoned for riot. Eventually the case was overturned on the grounds that in Maryland "riot" was not well enough defined. |
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| 1714 law passed in England that gave local officials the right to declare a group of 12 or more people "rioters" and demand that they disperse on pain of punishment and even death. |
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| On 1 February 2012, a massive riot occurred at Port Said Stadium in Port Said, Egypt, following an Egyptian premier league football match between Al-Masry and Al Ahly clubs. At least 79 people were killed and more than 1,000 were injured after thousands of Al-Masry spectators stormed the stadium stands and the pitch, following a 3–1 victory by Al-Masry. Al-Masry fans violently attacked Al-Ahly fans using knives, swords, clubs, stones, bottles, and fireworks as weapons. |
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| Spartacus was, a gladiator slave who, in First Century BCE Italy, led a rebel army that successfully resisted the Roman authorities for a decade. In modern times, Spartacus is a symbol of slaves thirsting for freedom and the Communists in Berlin during WWI identified with him. |
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| Roman emperor infamous for his cruelty and madness. He saw the Jews as against his rule and refused to offer them protection in Alexandria despite Philo's face to face request. The riots occured around 37-41 AD |
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| Agora, Theaters, Public baths, all government funded during the Roman empire. |
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| During 38 CE in Roman Alexandra, Egypt, there were a series of attacks against the Jews. Philo of Alexandria, a philosopher, narrates the events and explains that the emperor Caligula was responsible for the attacks because he did nothing to stop them. He accuses the rioters of not being legitimate by accusing them of just wanting to steal the Jew's things. Philo led a delegation to Rome to speak to Caligula about the problem but Caligula refused to cooperate. |
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| A series of revolutions during 1640-1660 in England. These revolutions were the first of their kind. It was Capitalists vs. Aristocrats. Capitalists win. |
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| Riots are currently taking place in this capital city of Ukraine. Pro-Western citizens are rebelling against their Pro-Russia president because he was to stay closer to Europe but they want to become part of the European Union. Recent developments: Ukrainian president has been ousted and Russian troops are gathering at the border. |
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| Famous series of peasant riots. Wave of riots and rebellions in Europe around 1358. Jean Le Bel describes the rioters as leaderless people with no true motive. In his eyes the peasants are capable of unbelievable cruelty and sets the different classes apart by saying that the rioters are attacking "gentlemen, ladies, and maidens." The revolt took place during the 100 years war and occurred in the north of Paris. |
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| As the epidemic devastated Europe in the mid-14th century, causing the death of a large part of the population, Jews were used as scapegoats. Rumors spread that they caused the disease by deliberately poisoning wells. Hundreds of Jewish communities were destroyed. |
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| A wealthy peasant from the village of Mello near Beauvais, who became leader of the peasant Jacquerie which broke out in May 1358. |
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| Anti-Jewish Riots of 1391 |
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| Jews were killed by mobs in Spain during 1391 despite authority's condemnation. There were many factors that led to these riots including religious fanaticism, civil war, and central authority hostility. Riots originate in Seville but spread to the rest of Spain reaching Catalonia. Many Jews accepted baptism to save their lives but they were still considered "Crypto-Jews" because they continued to worship in secrecy. They were also labeled "marranos," which can be translated to "pig." |
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| 1517 London: A series of riots against foreign merchants and bankers. Xenophobic. |
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| A.k.a Guy Fawkes Day. There was a failed attempted on King James I on November 5, 1605. It became a date for ritualized violence and encouraged riots against the papal state. Rioters burned effigies of popular hate figures, such as the Pope. |
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| An extreme federalist newspaper established and edited my Alexander Contee Hanson. At the beginning of the War of 1982, he published articles, which irritated a mob. He had to move the paper several times and he was once beaten and left for dead. |
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| Loyalist in New York gathered people to fight with the British. |
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| Originally in France during the Medieval time, people would humiliate individuals who didn't conform to their social norms. Continued in North American during the 19th Century. |
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| Local police forces would act against the federal police forces. Happened all the time. |
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| Fear of large working class rebelling against the higher class. Jaquerie and Red Summer. |
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| Staircase scene of Battleship Potemkin. Tsar's troops massacre innocent civilians on these steps. This scene did not actually happen in history and the film was used for propaganda by the USSR against the czarist regime. |
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| Refers to the race riots that occurred in more than three dozen cities in the United States during the summer and early autumn of 1919. In most instances, whites attacked African Americans. The riots followed postwar social tensions related to the demobilization of veterans of World War I, both black and white, and competition for jobs among ethnic whites and blacks. |
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| In this town, on June 26, 1919, a black man named John Hartfield was lynched before as many as 10,000 gathered whites. Accused of assaulting a white woman, Hartfield was pursued by posses for weeks until being mortally wounded and captured. The lynching was widely publicized and the people who captured Hartfield got a doctor to keep him alive so they could publicly kill him later. |
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| One of the co-founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. He felt that African Americans should fight for equal rights, rather than passively submit to the segregation and discrimination |
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| 1919: A major racial conflict that began in Chicago, Illinois on July 27, 1919 and ended on August 3. During the riot, dozens died and hundreds were injured. It is considered the worst of the approximately 25 riots during the Red Summer.The sociopolitical atmosphere of Chicago was one of ethnic tension caused by competition among many new groups. With the Great Migration, thousands of African Americans from the South had settled next to neighborhoods of European immigrants on Chicago's South Side, near jobs in the stockyards and meatpacking plants. |
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| Term popularized during the Harlem Renaissance implying a more outspoken advocacy of dignity and a refusal to submit quietly to the practices and laws of Jim Crow racial segregation. |
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| Alexandrine philosopher in Egypt who was one of the earliest mothers of mathematics.As head of the Platonist school at Alexandria, she also taught philosophy and astronomy. She was murdered by a Christian mob in 415 AD. |
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