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320-535
Indian society that was a blend of ancient Aryan and Dravidian cultures
used marriage and political manipulation to ensure period of peace and prosperity |
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great Indian military/religious epic
collection of stories recorded as a unified book
similar to Iliad or the Odyssey |
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(epic) story of incarnation of god VISHNU as the warrior Rama
gains much life through retelling
preserves oral tradition of India
religious and moral in nature |
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combination of Mahabharata and the Ramayana
these three make up the most important Hindu books, written in language Sanskrit |
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| Cultural Achievements during Gupta period |
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development of numeral system (basis of today's)
decimal system
Indian medicine focused on external exams of the body |
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India first conquered by Muslim Umayyads, but replaced by Abassyid Muslims, and made Delhi their capital;
finally fell to Tamarlane in 1398 |
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invaded and conquered most of India (minus Goa and areas under Portuguese control)
established the Mughal Dynasty
united country by promoting both Hindu and Muslims to gov positions, which reduced religious tension
opened trade market |
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symbol of royalty
encrusted with gold, emeralds, diamonds, pearls and rubies
build by Mughals |
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built as tomb by ruler Shah Jehan for wife
most beautiful building in world
located in city of Agra |
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weakened by maharajas (local rulers) exerting strong control over small kingdom
Persia conquered parts, but not all
British established political control to protect commercial interests, making India part of British Empire in 1784 |
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| got name from Qin Dynasty (221 BC-207 BC); Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD). These two built Great Wall, established Silk Road, started elaborate tombs (ex- Terra Cotta warriors in Xi'an) invented porcelain and other works of art |
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| (200-250 AD) legends born much like King Arthur; 1)North vs. South battle, 2)wise general |
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(618-960 AD) brought creativity back to China
capital- Xi'an, pop 1 mil, largest city in world
Buddhism flourished
paper invented and gunpowder, and acceptance of other culture's influence |
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only female head of state in Chinese history
rose from concubine to empress, introduced irrigation, tax reduction, social reform (woman aren't inferior)
eliminated oppressors and ruled as absolute monarch, died at age 82
lets people decided for themselves if she is remembered for good or bad |
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| Fall of Tang/rise of Song Dynasty (960-1259 AD) |
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1) centuries of pressure from central Asian tribes
2)domestic instability |
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installed a system of bureaucrats (also called literati)
warmer climate=rice as staple crop
refined developments ie, historical writings, painting, calligraphy, porcelain
invention of compass |
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| the ability of a person to orient their inner force |
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| "investigation of things" |
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attempt to discover patterns of the world (called Li); strongly Taoist
investigates intellectually and emotionally by learning and practicing mind and body control to gain power over the Chi |
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(1260-1368)
established by Kublai Khan, a Mongol
reduction of trade and sever economic difficulties
was not trusted by people, leading to uprising and commoner rose to emperor and formed Ming Dynasty |
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(1368-1644)moved capital to Nanjing, then back to Beijing
Great Wall expanded and improved
Chinese so advanced, saw little value in other countries, led to draw inward=diminishing rate of creative growth |
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| Yamato (later called Nara) Period |
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unification of major parts of japan under single ruler
Buddhism blended with Shinto (Gods of nature and ancestral worship-still dominates Japan today) |
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golden age of Japan (794-1185 AD)
Chinese culture modified- Japanese writing style developed
emperor dominated by Fujiwara clan
local lords started revolting |
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arose because of power of local lords
period of uncertainty
shogun (head of state) established gov in parallel to imperial court |
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| Muomachi-Momoyama Period(1333-1603) |
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period of civil war, Portuguese introduced Christianity and firearms
warrior lords from countryside called daimyo |
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Shogun moved capital to Edo (Tokyo)
warriors became most powerful class
cultural characteristics |
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| Shebad (modern day Ethiopia) |
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powerful trading port in 970 BC
spoke Bantu
people of Kush lived along southern Nile |
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oldest civilization
massive stone heads |
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spread over mexico and Central America (meso-America)
isolated cities and temple pyramids-post and lintel style
complex pictograph language, calendars, astronomical observatories, math and Zero |
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worshiped sun and plumed serpent (queztecoatl)
conquered first by Toltecs, then Aztecs, who ruled until Cortes invaded |
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| left land marks near Nazca (like the Anasizi and Hopi of SW united states) |
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mostly European diseases (flu, small pox, chicken pox, measles), 80% killed this way
European technological advantage, esp warfare
thought white people were gods, and were friendly and welcoming
not unified, so not able to defend themselves |
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