Term
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Definition
Very modern, more modern than Vienna.
Very secular. |
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Term
| The middle east is full of _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| A lot of the middle east is not _____ |
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Definition
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| Egypt is ____ % Christian |
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Definition
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| Everyone does not speak _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Discuss Evidence of historic heterogeneity. |
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Definition
-40% of people consider themselves non-Arab
-Kurds are the largest group of people that do not have their own land. Kurd is an easy language to learn.Of these people they speak more than one language. Kurdish, French, English, Arabic.
-Americans have a skewed perception of the middle east
-Muslims make up 90% of the population
-80% Jewish and the rest is mixed between Drews and Arab Chrisitans |
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Term
| What is a common factor that makes someone an Arab? |
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Definition
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Term
| How was Sunni Islam able to dominate other peoples? |
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Definition
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Term
| How was Sunni Islam able to dominate other peoples? |
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Definition
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Term
| Discuss the Arab ethnos. The Arab in ancient times |
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Definition
The Arab in ancient times
- These are people that have their since of ethnicity going back in time to at least the 600's
-These people speak Arabic
-They live in an Arab Culture environment that is Islamic
-They have something, collective identification, the society collectively identifies itself as Arab
-Then they were nomads |
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Term
| The Arab ethnos. The modern Arab. |
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Definition
The modern Arab is a lot broader.Not thinking in local terms and then thinking in national terms.
They are much more civilized. They live in towns, etc) |
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Term
| The value of Arab indentification. |
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Definition
It allows you do identify yourself with other people
-The solution to the personalities identification is found in the broad Arab identity
- People building on language
- People building on religion
- Common solidarity
(Example is an opinion on Arab dispute on Arab Isralies dispute)
-Arab Muslims convinced their people to give up their identity and adopt teh Arab culture |
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Term
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Definition
| Middle Eastern people have articulated their collective identities and organized their political lives around ideas |
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Term
| States and Nations. The umma. |
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Definition
| Umma means community in Arabic. Today you need to think about the Islamic community. Islamic means all of us Muslims belong to one cohesive unit. If you belong to an Umma it means you belong to a group. Umma is iimportant when you have the Ottoman empire, but today the concept of Umma is not as important. It is really not that important. Historically it was important |
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Term
| States and Nations. True Sovereignty |
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Definition
| True sovereignty belongs to God. |
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Term
| States and Nation. Dar al-Islam |
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Definition
Stretch notion. There are two worlds, a dichotomy in Islam.
- Dar al Islam which means abode of Peach
- Dar al Harb which means abode of war
They want to incorporate more lands |
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Term
| States and Nation. Religion served as the organizing principle of power. |
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Definition
It's an idea not a territory. It means that leaders organized their power on Islam
-The bonding power of religion is the most important. More than family and more than the villiage relationship. |
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Term
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Definition
The nation; a group bound by linguistic affinity, ethnic sentiment and collective solidarity.
-Policies of social integration propel the state to cultivate teh sense of a cohesive people
-The state is to overcome and supersede ethnic diversity
-They are trying to make you one people, one state. America has done a great job of doing this.
-Loyalty to the state
-This is when the land territory become an important factor
-The idea of this is to bring divers groups together equally |
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Term
| The theory of nationality will reduce any other nationalites to ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Repressive regimes based on nationalism dealt ______ with minorites |
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Definition
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Term
| Repressive regimes based onnationalism dealt ruthlessly with minorities. Discuss. |
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Definition
Majority decicision
- Dictators treat minorities badly
- Because minorities don't assimilate well into what they want their state to be
- Minorities are treated poorly. It is rooted in Democracy |
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Term
| Discontinuity between the communities and the political community renders inegration a _______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Discontinuity between the communities and the political community renders integration a difficult task. Discuss |
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Definition
Individual allegiance
- Minimizing the claims of secondary nationalities would be seen as necessary
-Affirming the primary nationality as dominant without treating the minorities badly.
Plurality society - You come from different backgrounds but you are all treated equally
-Problem is getting the dominant majority to treat the minorities with equal respect
-It means that individuals belong to more than one community (you can be a Baptist, a Democrat, and a UGA fan, example) |
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Term
| Discuss the Old Testament. |
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Definition
| Teh tora (first five books) |
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Term
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Definition
| Says the new testament and the old testament is flawed. The Quran is the seal of god, the final version |
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Term
| National cleavages will _____ the establishment of statewide consensus on basic values |
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Definition
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Term
| National cleavages will complicate the establishment of statewide consensus on basic values. The role of religion. Discuss |
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Definition
| The role of religion makes it difficult to promote inegration or equality between groups |
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Term
| National cleavages will complicate the establishment of statewide consensus on basic values. An ethnic imperative. Discuss. |
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Definition
| An ethnic imperative can make it difficult to integrate. Usually ethnic problems supersede religiuos problems. Challenges a state's boundaries |
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Term
| National cleavages will complicate the establishment of statewide consensus on basic values. The demand for national ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| Minorities in the Middle East. Discuss. |
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Definition
| These people stand in juxtaposition, comparison to, the predominant power-holders in the Mideast region. |
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Term
| ____ are the predominant power holders in the core of the Middle East. |
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Definition
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Term
| Suni Arabs believe that they are _____ granted the right to rule |
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Definition
divinely
-Suni Arabs have a history of being dominant with a religious philosophy that you should be dominant.
This happened after Mohammed |
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Term
| Do miniorities get to fight in the army? |
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Definition
| No, the minorities do not get to fight in the army. The Suni Arabs is to mobilize the army and also tax the people |
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Term
| Essential Elements in the Middle East. Ethnicity. Discuss. |
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Definition
| The foundation of separate people-hood is rooted in kinship and clannishness that provide for endogamous patterns of marriage and family identity. Endogamy, you marry inside your family or Exogamy, you marry outside your family |
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Term
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Definition
| Means within the same marriage. Marriage within family. Inbreeding insures that your childrens children are of the same minority group. This way you are not assimilated |
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Term
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Definition
| Means you marry outside the family. This leads to assimilation. This is the worst thing possible for minority groups because they will fade away and be subsumed in the majority |
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Term
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Definition
Culture
- Each distinct ethnic group will undoubtedly be known by its specific collective character. Teh absense of ethnic autonomy leads to assimilation.
Language - This is a good easy way to separate yourself from everyone. Speaking an alien tongue helps to maintain your identity
Religion- Another way to keep yourself separate as a minority group is religion. |
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Term
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Definition
The factor of territoriality (the status of a territory in the case of minorities provides a relatively sharp delimitation (to fix or define the limits of) in human settlement patterns)
Periphery - Generally minorities groups live in the Periphery
Minorities move to the periphery to keep from being assimilated. The farther you get from the Suni-Arab core, the harder it is to be assimilated. Another way is to move up into the mountains to maintain their separateness |
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Term
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Definition
The sense of a common past, composed of the glory to celebrate and the grief to commemorate, is at the core of separate people-hood. Minorities like to educate their children as what it's like to grow up as that minority group. Burburs moved into the mountains as well as the Drews.
-Collective memories
-Conviction- Conviction of a fate. This strengthens the conviction (belief) of a shared fate. |
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Term
| Emerging elements. Social change and mobilization. Discuss. |
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Definition
The formation of a new social grid composed of people from different classes and occupations settling in an urban environment and engaging in new and intensive communication systems, provides a general constellation (group)for ethnic mobilization.
The Countryside- Don't have a lot of communication with the same minority groups to maintain support of each other.
The City- Does have a lot of communication with the same minority groups to maintain support of each other. The city can provide a place to meet with other minority groups. A place to create imaginative growth. The problem with living in the city is assimilating with the majority. |
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Term
| Repression and Conflict. Discuss |
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Definition
In contrast to the last explanation, an experience of common despair can catalyze nationalist consolidation in the face of shared enemies or irresolvable problems
Internal Colony - Were deprived of economic resources that they were standing on
Relative deprivation- A gap between what you expect and what you receive and what your actual achievements are. This creates frustrated people or groups living in situations which leads to conflict and violence. (The Shiites were sitting on loads of oil. The Kurds in Iraq were not getting any relative benefit from it. Discontent can lead to ethnic mobilization. |
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Term
| Discuss Foreign Assistance. |
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Definition
External intervention on the side of a weak community and at its behest may provide the necessary catalyzing input to generate a national movement. They can provide a spark for the minority group to create a revolt
An impetus - A motivation for your group to rise up |
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Term
| Principles and Means of Conflict Resolution. Discuss |
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Definition
Arabism. Peoples with no Arabian blood in their veins had over the centuries been absorbed into the expansive Arab nation, learning its language, living its culture, marrying with its sons and daughters.
Assimilation-Integration. Sometimes this is looked at as a negative thing. |
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Term
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Definition
The normative structure of relations between Muslims and non-Muslims is founded on the primacy of Islam over any other religious community, including the Jews and Christians.
Dhimmi-Means non-Muslims but they have to still be Chrisitans. Muslims are first class citizens and they are second class citizens. They can practice their religions tolerance.
Inferiority-They were 2nd class citizens
Jizya-A very heavy or harsh tax they have to pay because they are not Muslims. This is a fanatical tribute and disgrace. They do this because they rejected Mohammed's vision of Islam. |
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Term
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Definition
Means to struggle in the name of Islam. Is to take place between the following two in bold. Minority groups will not fit well in this.
Dar al-Islam-Area controlled by Muslims
Dar al-Harb-Area not controlled by Muslims |
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