Term
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Definition
| Becomes chief of staff Sept. 1, 1939, the same day Germany invaded Poland. Was the "finest soldier our country has ever produced." Chosen as chief of staff even though 33 people outranked him because he was recommended personally by Pershing. |
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Term
| CCC/Civilian Conservation Core |
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Definition
| Takes young people to build roads, dams, etc. Marshall is responsible for this in the pacific Northwest, giving him a good feel for kids 18-22 and their potential strengths and liabilities 2 years prior to the war. |
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Definition
| Shift from the square division reflecting changes in mechanization and speed of war. Divisions have 15,000 instead of 28,000 men now, about 3,500 fight with the rest in a support role. |
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Definition
| Sees that National Guard divisions are weak, quickly sees too many people are reporting to him so he creates the CIA and the three superstructures: Army Ground Forces, Army Service Forces, and Army Air Forces. |
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Definition
| Oversees implementation of training reform and the triangular divisions. Leads the Army Ground Forces. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the superstructures created to be headed by independent minded and competent officers that could relieve Marshall of some responsibility. Led by McNair. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the superstructures created to be headed by independent minded and competent officers that could relieve Marshall of some responsibility. Led by Summerville. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of the superstructures created to be headed by independent minded and competent officers that could relieve Marshall of some responsibility. Led by Arnold. |
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Term
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Definition
| Led the Army Service Forces. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Marshall puts his attention here. Eisenhower becomes head of OPD. |
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Definition
| Chief of Naval Operations. King held this position, wanted to send everyone to the Pacific instead of North Africa. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chief of Naval Operations, wanted to send everyone to the Pacific instead of North Africa. |
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Definition
| Head of the OPD, advises Marshall on the Philippines. Along with Marshall, advocates for a cross channel invasion. |
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Definition
| Wins the battle at El Alamein against Rommel. |
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Term
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Definition
| Famous German commander, gave the Allies a lot of trouble. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disaster where Fredenthal screws everyone over by taking engineers from the front and doesn't have his troops take good defensive positions. Patton replaces him. |
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Term
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Definition
| Begins under Patton's command. |
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Term
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Definition
| American commander in Italy, changed his name from Wayne to Mark to make it catchier. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amphibious landing tries to flank Germans but they are boxed in on the beach. Americans almost driven back into the water but they launch an offensive that creates a more fluid battle front. Winning here allows Clark to seize Rome, which is a symbolic victory but allows the Germans to escape. |
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Term
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Definition
| German submarines threatening accumulation of supplies for D-day. Convoy system tried to protect oil tankers and supply ships. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tried to protect oil tankers and supply ships, worked during WWI but not during WWII. |
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Term
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Definition
| Planning was limited by the range of the Spitfire- 150 miles. Stiff German defenses, supply issues, and necessity of a beach with some depth to it also created issues planning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Believed in precision bombing during the day, not at night. Set up a rotation due to high losses from day time bombing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses a Rolls-Royce engine. Goes 575 MPH and helps the Americans win the war in the sky- we can observe them, they can't observe us. |
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Term
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Definition
| Developed by Toerring, allows us to gather information from the Germans similar to magic. |
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Term
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Definition
| Landings staged on the British coast, German submarines pop up and destroy lots of stuff, they are buried in the countryside in secrecy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tightly packed hedges used as fences that slowed the Allied advance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Led by Collins, was the best core in WWII on the Allied side. |
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Term
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Definition
| Led the VII Army Core, was the best core commander in WWII on the Allied side. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was on vacation during D-Day, was convinced that it was a fake and couldn't utilize his reserves quickly enough. Suffered a head wound, was replaced, and then committed suicide. |
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Term
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Definition
| Came through as air support to Collins to help Americans break out in Operation Cobra. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breakout after D-Day led by Collins. Covers 30 miles in 1 week, this breakout allows Patton's Third Army to pursue aggressively. |
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Term
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Definition
| Killed by American bombs that fall short. |
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Term
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Definition
| Comes up with the idea to attach blades to tanks to cut through the bocage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Patton not allowed by Bradley to pursue this area because it was British territory, allowing tons of Germans to escape and later fight in the Battle of the Bulge. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An attempt to cross the Rhine with air drops from the Poles and Brits. |
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Term
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Definition
| Invasion of Southern France, helps to free Marseilles. |
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Term
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Definition
| In charge of Operation Dragoon, would have been Eisenhower's replacement. |
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Term
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Definition
| German surprise counterattack. Germans need crossroads towns or they're going to get stuck. McDonald holds Bastone just long enough to save the day. Germans surprise Americans by using phones instead of radio to communicate, keeping us from using Ultra. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Women in WWII, some flew non-combat missions. |
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Term
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Definition
| U.S. government produces war material to "lend" to the Allies, $48 billion given. |
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Term
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Definition
| People get married early and try to have kids before they are sent overseas. |
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Term
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Definition
| Means of incarcerating Japanese-Americans. 127,000 are put in these centers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Black pilots who fight extremely well in the Italian campaign. |
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Term
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Definition
| Intended to meet Japanese invasions at the beach but had woeful supply and material problems. Was in the Philippines for Pearl Harbor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Takes over when MacArthur is pulled from the Philippines when it looks like we may lose the battle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Japanese march POWs on a brutal march where anyone who collapsed was killed with a bayonet. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soviet Union is world's first socialist state. Not a threat yet, more of an "embarrassment". 1939 non-aggression pact signed, dividing Poland. This is the first expansion the Soviet Union makes, beginning to create an industrial-military state. |
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Term
| World War II Collaboration |
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Definition
| Soviets suffer 10 million military and about 15 million civilian dead- because of these casualties they desperately want the U.S. to open a 2nd front. Yalta conference agrees on German division and unconditional surrender. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stalin wanted a buffer zone along his border (key is Poland) to prevent capitalist invaders. Wanted to gain economic power in some areas and unify by nationalities. Allies are upset with war crimes and looting of the Red Army. Tensions with lend-lease, economic assistance, Truman is hated by Stalin. |
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Term
| Caucasus and the Dardanelles |
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Definition
| Stalin goes for expansion into Turkey to get Mediterranean fleet, U.S. opposes this. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soviets didn't give up parts of Iran after the war, creating the first territorial dispute the UN ever hears, the Soviets back down. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stalin wants a unified Germany but lections prove the unpopularity of communism |
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Term
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Definition
| Begins in 1947, Soviets interpret it as a U.S. attempt to integrate Western Europe against the Soviets. |
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Term
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Definition
| Response to the Marshall Plan, is a body of communist parties that Stalin used to disperse orders. |
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Term
| Turkey, Greece, Yugoslavia |
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Definition
| U.S. starts fighting communist revolutions in these states. Tito in Yugoslavia is communist but splits from Stalin, leading Stalin to eliminate potential dissent in other countries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Began over financial reform, Stalin blockades West Berlin for a year and so the U.S. has to fly in supplies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Created in 1949, legitimized the U.S. military presence in Germany. |
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Term
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Definition
| Created in 1949 out of 3 Allied sections. |
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Term
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Definition
| Test their first nuke in 1949, never created a nuclear delivery vehicle though. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soviet half of Germany, not as prosperous as West Germany, includes Berlin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soviet response to the Marshall plan, is a Soviet tool for extracting from the Eastern Europe bloc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Formed in 1948, Stalin thought they would side with him but they choose the U.S., making Stalin even more suspicious of the U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stalin is very slow to support Mao and had close ties to the Nationalists. China and Soviet Union, despite both being communist, don't have fantastic relations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stalin gives the North permission to invade and provides them with weapons. He also prolonged the war by opposing a peace treaty. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amendment that never actually happened, but sought to spend $100 million training Eastern European covert revolutionaries. Was a pretty belligerent idea. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stalin dies in 1953, triggering the end of the early Cold War. Marks a shift in Soviet policy. |
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Term
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Definition
| War in Korea is ended, Beria seeks to resolve things with Tito and improve the situation in Germany. German workers use this as an opportunity to protest. |
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Term
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Definition
| Hydrogen bomb test leads to this build-up, eventually colliding in the Cuban Missile Crisis. |
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Term
| Detente and Helsinki Accords |
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Definition
| Lessening of tensions, a series of summits eventually lead to the U.S. recognizing communist regimes in return for human rights guarantees in '75. |
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Term
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Definition
| Didn't necessarily want to dominate Europe, just wanted security for the Soviet Union. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stalin's right hand man, often represented him to the West. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ran the Stalin nuclera program, was a mad scientist type responsible for many deaths. Pardoned people in labor camps, was arrested and shot over a German workers revolt. |
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Term
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Definition
| Continues destalinization, caused tensions with Mao. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soviet government in Poland at the end of WWII, claimed to be needed for Polish liberation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Strategic arms limitations talks. Attempted to calm down the arms race. |
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Term
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Definition
| A naval battle where neither fleet saw the other fleet and all the fighting is between aircraft. Was a tactical draw but operational victory for the U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
| Japanese plan to draw U.S. Northward and then surround and destroy them. Because of information gathered due to magic, we flank their attack and sink all of their aircraft carriers, including planes and pilots. Known as the turning point of the war. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wanted to increase funding to Pacific to take advantage of momentum. With Marshall's blessing, U.S. escalates the war in the Pacific. |
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Term
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Definition
| An area in New Guinea, in a battle here the U.S. suffers from having no tropical training, no artillery, and a malaria outbreak. Despite 90% casualties for the 32nd division, MacArthur pushes on because he wants to win the first land victory. |
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Term
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Definition
| Area targeted because it had room for airfields. The Navy panics and abandons the Marines butthe Marines capture the air strip on half-rations after a 6 month battle anyway. Japanese lose 600 aircraft, helping to alleviate previous Japanese air advantage. |
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Term
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Definition
| Suffers 90% casualties at Buna. |
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Term
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Definition
| Army here led by Nimitz, combination of this front with the Southwest Pacific front stretches the Japanese thin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leads the army in the Central Pacific theater. |
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Term
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Definition
| Forces here led by MacArthur, combination of this front with the Central Pacific front stretches the Japanese thin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Commands Southwest Pacific forces. Bypasses strongholds to avoid resistance and instead cuts off supply lines. |
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Term
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Definition
| Revolutionary aircraft carrier, moves at 35 knots. |
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Term
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Definition
| Marine officer who helped make our advantage in amphibious operations. Landed 8,000 people in 20 minutes under fire with the formula of bombarding multiple areas, use fake landings, and then land in waves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Battle in which we shoot down 346 planes and lose only 30. |
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Term
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Definition
| Largest naval engagement in the history of mankind. Reveals command and control issues, but a really aggressive U.S. response prevents disaster by convincing the Japanese their ruse had failed when it had in fact not. Fighting results here because we skipped over Mindanao. |
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Term
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Definition
| We needed naval ports close to Japan so we attack here- it takes a month to seize 8 square miles. 170,000 U.S. troops are sent but the caves and artillery make the Japanese position very tough to take. |
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Term
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Definition
| Aircraft and boats become human bombs inside a vehicle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stilwell commands the CBI theater. He was stationed there early in the war because he speaks Chinese. |
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Term
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Definition
| Stationed in the CBI theater because he speaks Chinese, otherwise would have been Supreme Allied Command in Europe. |
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Term
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Definition
| Corrupt warlod that Stilwell hated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Convinces FDR that slow progress in CBI theater is Stilwell's fault so he is removed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Not as effective as it could have been because of no real focus on targets but still contributed to the success of the war. Effectiveness increased with firebombs on wood/paper Japanese structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Very effective against wood/paper Japanese structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| In the European theater he advocated for strategic bombing. Dropped lots of bombs on Germany |
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Term
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Definition
| $1 billion spent on producing atomic bombs. Designed to use during the war. |
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Term
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Definition
| First atomic bomb dropped here on August 6, 1945. 60,000 killed and 60,000 get Uranium poisoning. |
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Term
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Definition
| August 9, 1945 second atomic bomb dropped here. 35,000 killed, 40,000 get radiation poisoning. |
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Term
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Definition
| Marshall's greatest legacy. Designed to avoid economic collapse following the war. Provided for jobs priority upon return for veterans, gave benefits such as free education, helped ease soldiers back into society by avoiding too much job competition, providing low interest housing loans and low interest start-up business loans. |
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Term
| Service Father Release Association |
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Definition
| Dads trying to get their kids home from the war as demobilization was slow because it was done by a points system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Integration of the armed forces first happens during the Battle of the Bulge crisis and is then done officially by Truman after the war. |
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Term
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Definition
| A shift is made in this direction as problems coordinating plans, disseminating orders, and planning strategy are revealed during service cooperation during the war. |
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Term
| National Security Act of 1947 |
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Definition
| Creates an independent air force, establishes the Joint Chiefs of Staff, forms the National Security Council, creates the CIA, creates the position of Secretary of Defense to sit over the national military establishment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Independent branch formed by the National Security Act of 1947, signals the beginning of air power as a vital component to the war effort. |
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Term
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Definition
| Created to promote inter service cooperation and coordinate missions that would require more than one branch of the military. Created by the National Security Act of 1947. |
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Term
| National Security Council |
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Definition
| Created by the National Security Act of 1947 with civilian and military leaders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Created by the National Security Act of 1947 in clear response to the Pearl Harbor disaster. Used to collect and organize information. |
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Term
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Definition
| Position created by the National Security Act of 1947 to sit over the national military establishment. |
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Term
| National Military Establishment |
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Definition
| Headed by the secretary of defense, has some trouble because the Secretaries of each branch can circumvent them by reporting to the president and not cooperating with each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reported to the president until the 1949 amendment, creating a poor chain of command. |
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Term
| Secretary of the Air Force |
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Definition
| Reported to the president until the 1949 amendment, creating a poor chain of command. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reported to the president until the 1949 amendment, creating a poor chain of command. |
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Term
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Definition
| Navy admirals howl over the decision to not get super carrier, was really just clear insubordination. |
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Term
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Definition
| Amendment to the National Security Act of 1947, creates the Department of Defense with a cabinet level position for the Secretary of Defense. Removes the Secretaries of each force as a cabinet level position, having them instead report to the Secretary of Defense. |
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Term
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Definition
| Headed by the Secretary of Defense and created by the 1949 amendment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Developed after WWII, use tons of money to try to generate creativity. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Soviets wanted a second front to relieve pressure from them, but the British drag their feet and it isn't opened until 1944. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Soviets didn't consider lend-lease an appropriate wartime contribution and wanted manpower from the U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
| The Soviets needed to rebuild their economy after the war, which was a more significant priority than even atomic weapons. |
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Term
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Definition
| U.S. calls for this in the postwar treaty, is inherently in conflict with the Soviet's desire for a buffer zone providing security from a friendly Poland. |
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Term
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Definition
| Becomes president after FDR's death, doesn't realize the magnitude of the Poland problem and increases tension between the U.S. and Soviet Union. |
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Term
| UN Atomic Energy Commission |
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Definition
| At Yalta, UN was formed. Plan was for inspections to insure no other countries were making atomic weapons. The U.S. would then give their bombs and information to the UN but the Soviets didn't allow this to happen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Led the communist revolution in China. |
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Term
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Definition
| Proclamation that the U.S. will protect regimes resisting communist insurgencies |
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Term
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Definition
| Policy of the state department- communist regimes could only succeed if they are expanding and so the U.S. must oppose communist expansion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sent the Long Telegram to the State Department outlining the containment ideology. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sent by Kennan, outlined the containment ideology. |
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Term
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Definition
| Written "anonymously" by Kennan, also outlined the containment policy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Designed to revive Western European economies so that they wouldn't fall to communism. All of our Allies were invited to submit their productivity reports and the U.S. uses these to contribute $14 billion to help improve these economies. Soviets decline to take part. |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides collective security to member nations which includes Western democracies. Is still a major player in international relations today. |
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Term
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Definition
| Goal of Western democracies against communist countries, was the ideology behind the forming of NATO. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the official declaration of containment as a policy of the United States. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nationalist leader in Korea on the side of the United States. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sent in to Korea at the beginning of the conflict to try to slow momentum, but at a little under batallion strength was little match for Soviet tanks. |
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Term
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Definition
| U.S. retreats to this area after the defeat of Task Force Smith. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the commander at the Pusan Perimeter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Designated commander by the UN in Korea, calls for an amphibious invasion at Inchon at the same time Walker raised his attack from the Pusan Perimeter. |
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Term
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Definition
| Landing here is MacArthur at his best- there is a very small landing window and he pulls it off masterfully. |
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Term
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Definition
| Takes over for Walker, is able to turn things around and launch a counterattack exposing the overextended Chinese. |
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Term
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Definition
| Battle in Korea described as a "classic" example of American troops being trapped by waves on waves of Chinese, but the Americans' advantage in firepower and artillery saves them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Eisenhower Secretary of State famous for brinksmanship. Wanted to use the threat of nuclear war to achieve foreign policy objectives. |
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Term
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Definition
| Made famous by Dulles, was the idea that using the threat of nuclear war could help achieve foreign policy objectives. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that the key to U.S. defense was a strong economy capable of creating the potential to mobilize on a massive scale. |
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Term
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Definition
| Was the vehicle that would carry out massive retaliation and so received a lot of resources from the government. Led by Curtis Lemay. |
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Term
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Definition
| Led the Strategic Air Command with rigid guidelines to avoid any chance for accidents. |
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Term
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Definition
| Offers aid against communist aggression in the Middle East. |
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Term
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Definition
| Eisenhower's vice president who runs against Kennedy and was an export on foreign policy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Had a lot of energy, tried to turn around the perception that the Democrats were soft on defense/communism. |
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Term
| Military Industrial Complex |
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Definition
| Eisenhower warns against this and the potential of large defense companies gaining too much power. |
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Term
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Definition
| Turn away from massive retaliation under Kennedy calling for appropriate responses to each threat and more options than just using nuclear weapons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secretary of Defense who was big on numbers crunching. Eventually wanted to quantify the unquantifiable, creating problems in Vietnam. |
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Term
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Definition
| Established under Kennedy as special operations and counter-insurgency tactics received more attention. |
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Term
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Definition
| Incident in which Cubans who had fled to the U.S. planned to invade Cuba and overthrow the Castro regime. Kennedy gives the OK for this because he doesn't want to be seen as soft on defense, but the dismal failure here makes Kennedy lose faith in the JCS because they didn't recognize that it was a bad plan. |
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Term
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Definition
| Khrushchev puts missiles in Cuba leading to an international standoff as Kennedy insists the missiles must be removed or we will blockade Cuba. We remove missiles from Turkey in exchange for the removal of the missiles in Cuba. |
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Term
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Definition
| Soviet premiere during the Cuban Missile Crisis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Idea that if one country falls to communism, others are more likely to. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vietnamese leader who approaches Wilson for support of a democratic, independent Vietnam instead of French control. Wilson refuses, so he turns to the Soviets and later becomes the leader of communist forces in the Vietnam war. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ousted the emperor, led a corrupt government and was losing the war to the Vietcong. Was repressive and reactive. |
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Term
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Definition
| Communist rebels in South Vietnam. |
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Term
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Definition
| Came to power with Kennedy's death, doesn't trust the military and escalates the war in Vietnam. |
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Term
| MACV/Military Assistance Command Vietnam |
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Definition
| Eventually led by Westmoreland, was one of McNamara's number crunching machines that relied on body counts to tell if an area was pacified. |
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Term
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Definition
| Led the MACV, controversial leader during Vietnam. |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to tell if an area was pacified, was a result of McNamara's obsession with numbers crunching. Was ineffective and led to officer's lying about body counts to get promotions or misrepresent battles. |
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Term
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Definition
| U.S. ships are attacked in international water, Congress passes the Tonkin Gulf Resolution in response, leading way to Johnson escalating the war. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gives LBJ a blank check to escalate the war after the Gulf of Tonkin incident. |
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Term
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Definition
| A marine base that was attacked. the U.S. retaliates by bombing North Vietnam. |
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Term
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Definition
| An operation in which the U.S. bombed North Vietnam, but Johnson was choosing targets and restrictions and so limited the effectiveness of the bombing. |
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Term
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Definition
| The U.S. runs into North Vietnamese regulars, there are heavy losses on each side. From that point on the desire for a big battle and reliance on body count increases as Westmoreland embraces the ideology of search and destroy. This alienates the population in Vietnam. |
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Term
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Definition
| Embraces search and destroy doctrine after Ia Drang Valley, was convinced in 1967 we were about to win the war. |
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Term
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Definition
| Offensive taking advantage of a "truce" catches the U.S. off balance. Is a huge PR victory for North Vietnam. |
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Term
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Definition
| A massacre by U.S. troops followed by a failed cover-up. Terrible PR. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nixon's plan in Vietnam, called for training the South Vietnamese to take over the war so the U.S. could exit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty with the Soviets is part of the detente strategy under Nixon. |
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Term
| MIRV/Multiple Independent Reentry Vehicles |
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Definition
| Weapon the U.S. has with multiple nuclear warheads on each missile, this scared the Soviets and led to SALT. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pits LBJ against Goldwater. LBJ paints Goldwater as an extremist and wins the election. |
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Term
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Definition
| Conservative in the 1964 election known to be very tough on communism. Painted as an extremist by LBJ, loses election. |
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Term
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Definition
| LBJ's domestic plan to reform society and the economy. This domestic plan failed because of the unpopularity of his Vietnam policies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory that you can't fight a war and also spend money on the home front. LBJ thought he could escape this trap. |
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| Anti-war Democrats, wary of LBJ's escalation of the Vietnam war. LBJ loses this constituency, creating a credibility gap. |
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| Pits Humphrey against Nixon as LBJ is too unpopular to run again. Wallace is a distracting 3rd party law and order candidate. Nixon wins narrowly. |
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| Dove of the Democratic Party, his challenge for the Democratic nomination convinces LBJ to not seek office again. |
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| Racist Southern governor who ran as a law and order 3rd party candidate in the 1968 election. |
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| Retired general who was Wallace's running mate, ran his mouth too much. |
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| Democrats nominate him for 1968 election but his ties to LBJ make him unpopular. |
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| Anti-war protesters show up at the DNC, helping to create chaos and working in Nixon's favor. |
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| Nixon's expansion of federal powers were based upon his theory that he could do anything to defend the U.S./U.S. soldiers. |
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| Nixon tries to end the war by convincing the North Vietnamese that he could potentially go crazy and use nuclear bombs. |
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| Nixon secretly bombs this area, later invades and is shown to be escalating the war he promised to end. |
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| National Guard of Ohio kills 4 students during an anti-war protest. |
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| Expose flaws of the war, leaked to the NY Times. Nixon tries to keep them from being printed by the Supreme Court rules that it is OK to print them. |
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| A group of bumblers Nixon formed to try to plug leaks in the executive branch. They were caught at Watergate. |
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| Break-in to the DNC, cover-up attempt by Nixon dooms him as he tries to cite national security as a reason for his secrecy. |
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| Says that the president must inform Congress within 48 hours of deploying forces and after 60 days needs Congressional approval to keep troops there. Creates controversy as presidents often cite it as uncontroversial but Congress refuses to remove it. |
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| National Security Adviser and then Secretary of State, agrees with the U.S. position on pressuring China/USSR to undermine Vietnam. |
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| March 1972, 3 North Vietnamese divisions attack and Nixon responds with heavy bombing. |
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| Used as leverage with the Soviets so they would allow mining of the Vietnamese ports, pushing Vietnam to negotiate. |
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| Free nations, short of nuclear war, must take responsibility for their own defense. |
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| An attempt to cool relations, happened under Nixon and Breshnev. |
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| Pursued detente with Nixon to avoid confrontation. |
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| Similar to blitzkrieg, was a transformation in army doctrine emerging from the Israeli-Egyptian war. The idea of initiative dominates American thought and Donn Starry helps develop this idea of 4D fighting and seizing the initiative. |
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| Aggression and winning the first battle is the key to Airland Battle doctrine. |
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| Brigadier general who helped develop the idea of initiative and Airland Battle. |
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| The key to the treaty was anti-ballistic missile systems are outlawed which terrified the Soviets. |
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| These were outlawed by SALT I and terrified the Soviets, even though we still haven't developed them today. |
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| Wins election by hammering on the Iran hostage crisis and pours enormous amounts into defense spending. |
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Set ground rules for when the U.S. would use military personal after the Grenada fiasco. Rules are:
1. Must be a vital national interest
2. U.S. people must be willing to commit necessary force
3. Need clearly defined objectives
4. Need forces designed to achieve these goals
5. Need public support
6. Must be a last resort |
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| Passed in 1986, changes from specified commands to joint commands to increase service cohesion. Requires appointment to the Joint Staffs to promotion, has the heads of each branch report to the CJCS. |
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| Are replaced by joint commands in the hierarchy established under the Goldwater-Nichols Act. |
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| Are commands with multiple services meant to increase cohesion in the military. |
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| Appointment to the Joint Staffs is required for promotion in any individual branch, making this no longer a place to throw useless officers. |
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| Soviet leader at the time of Reagan. Wanted to promote Glasnost, greater openness in the Soviet Union. |
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| Openness in the Soviet economy promoted by Gorbachev. |
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| Strategic Defense Initiative/Star Wars |
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| Anti-ballistic missile system that theoretically would shot missiles down in outer space. Scared the Soviets but we couldn't actually do it. |
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| Invades Kuwait, setting off the First Gulf War. |
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| Hussein fights a conventional war, playing right into the hands of the U.S. Is the first major test of the Goldwater-Nichols reforms. |
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| Leads U.S. troops in First Gulf War. Has a high IQ but a tendency to shoot the messenger makes him not a great leader. Leader of CENCOM and so reported the the CJCS (Colin Powell). |
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| Policy compromise settled on in terms of gays in the military. Forces gays in the military to stay in the closet and alienates Clinton from the military. |
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| Wanted to oust Hussein from office, was a notorious bully as secretary of defense. |
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| Was sheltered by Afghanistan as he trained Al Queda so we invade Afghanistan seeking retaliation. |
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| Invaded after 9/11 as the U.S. sought retaliation. |
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