Term
| What was the Peace of Augsburg, 1555? What did it lead to? |
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Definition
| A resolution about the religious wars; decided that "He who rules the state decides the religion" Lead to 100 years of war |
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Term
| What three conflicts post Lutheranism (1500s-1600s) occured which impacted absolutism rise? |
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Definition
French Wars of Religion (Calvanism a danger to France, wealthier 10% converted to it)
Dutch-Spanish war (Phillip II wanted no Calvanism in Spanish netherlands, Dutch fought and won)
Thirty Years War - Protestant Nobleman thrown out a window upon not converting in Bohemia sparked war |
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Term
| Who were the three individuals which called for absolutism before Louis XIV? |
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Definition
Jean Bodin - lived thru French wars of Religion. Strict Patriarch "Father" ruler.
Thomas Hobbs - wrote Leviathan. Saw "evil consequences' of total power, but saw it necessary to prevent disoder. Govt exists to avoid chaos.
Jacques Bossuet - saw all religious conflicts. King divinely appointed by God, subject only to God, must be benevolent. People cannot challenge King. |
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Term
| What does 13 year old Louis XIV do when he first becomes king? |
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Definition
Declares majority at 13 after he thought his mom was scheming. Puts down Peasant rebellion, executes rebellious nobels.
Convinced of absolutism via influences of past absolutists and wars he saw. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of Nobels sick of paying taxes to the King who rebelled against the King/govt (Louis XIV affected deeply by this and threatened) |
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Term
| What were some of the major effects of Absolutism in the rule of Louis XIV? |
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Definition
Political control - no private army, Parelemet (court) cannot overrule him, Estates (advisors) did not meet for 150 years
Administrative control - enforce laws & tax
Heavy economic control/regulation (CEOs of a country)
Military strength (most resources fortify military, standing armies)
Religious policy - Louis only chose Bishops, Protestants must convert or flee, limited Pope control |
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Term
| Why did absolutism crumble? |
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Definition
Debt from Louis 14th wars (and others)
Noblemen and clergy tax exempt
Feudal social order no longer worked
Poor leadership of Louis 15 and 16
The Parlement (court) could vote down laws they did not like
Enlightened public critical of the govt |
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Term
| How did the National Assembly/Tennis Court Oath form (French Revolution)? |
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Definition
| Third estate did not want to be outvoted by the 2nd and 1st estate, went on strike til fair voting, formed National Assembly and held Tennis Court Oath which planned a constitution they wanted to hold France to |
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Term
| What was the storming of the Bastille? |
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Definition
Unrest of citizens of France (fed up with absolutism) Camille Desmoulins calls citizens to defend the National assembly, a riot storms the Bastille sucessfully (weapons storehouse) - common people now involved in politics and middle class forms
Symbolic end of absolutism |
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Term
| What were the political ideas tried in the 10 years of experimentation post Absolutism? |
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Definition
National Assembly (1789-1791)- const monarchy
Legislative Assembly - legislation to go with constitution (brand new court) Monarchy abolished in 1792, republic declared
National Convention (1792-95) - terror, emergency wartime govt
Directory 1795-1799 |
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