Term
Presidential Reconstruction
Proclamation of Amnesty
1865 |
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Definition
-amnesty to those who took the union oath except;
-confederate leaders and wealthy planters had to ask for special pardons from Andrew Johnson
-made an office for provisional governor whose duty it was to call conventions; only allowing states to rejoin when the 13th amendment had been ratified and secession ordinances stopped |
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Term
Congressional Reconstruction
Military Reconstruction Act of
1867 |
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Definition
-Lincoln and Johnson's precendents are overturned
-state's can only be readmitted whn the 13th and 14th amendments are ratified, and when universal male suffrage is guaranteed! |
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Term
Presidential Reconstruction
Lincoln's 10% Plan
of 1863
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Definition
-any rebel state could form a union government when a number equal to 10% who voted in 1860 took an oath of allegiance to the Union
-high ranking confederate generals weren't eligible for an immediate pardon |
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Term
Election of 1876
Compromise of 1877
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Definition
| A compromise worked out by the electoral college which gave Rutherford B. Hayes the election; democrats had won the popular vote, but the republicans won the electoral college's vote; then the republicans basically got the White House in exchange for ending Reconstruction in the South! |
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Term
Election of 1876
Hayes vs. Tilden |
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Definition
| Led to the Compromise of 1877, an unwritten agreement that gave Hayes and the Republican party control of the White House. |
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Term
Congressional Reconstruction
13th, 14th, 15th
Amendments |
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Definition
13th; abolishes and prohibits slavery
14th;all persons born or naturalized in the United States are American citizens
15th;prohibits U.S. gov.'ts from denying someone the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude |
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Term
Freedom Defined, then Challenged
Freedmen's Bureau
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Definition
| 1865 by congress to help former slave's and poor whites in the south during the aftermath of the Civil war. The bureau provided food, shelter and medical help, assisted in the establishment of schools, and offered legal assistance as well. Also attempted to settle former slaves on confiscated Confederate lands, but was never able to finish all it attempted, because it was defunded and canceled as a program in 1872, by order of Congress. |
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Term
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Definition
| Eleven states in the upper and lower south sever their ties with the union |
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Term
Crisis
Dred Scott Decision
(1857) |
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Definition
| -ruled that Slaves were not citizens, and did not have the right to sue in a federal court, and that a slave living in "free" territory didn't make him a freedman, and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because it would be "depriving the people of life, liberty and property without the due process of law"(Article V of the Constitution; the "property" being the slaves. |
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Term
Crisis
Birth of the Republican Party |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
; Lincoln (Republican)
Douglas (N.D.)
Breckinridge (S.D.)
Bell (Consitutional Union)
;Had Lincoln not won, the Emancipation Proclamation wouldn't have been written, and would mostly likely have delayed the achievement of civil rights in our country, and things would be far different today. |
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Term
Crisis
South Carolina Secedes....
Because?
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Definition
| Lincoln's election, to the south, meant the formation of a new nation/new ideals that did not embody that of the "longstanding tradition" of the peculiar institution in the south; so they were the first to start some shit, calling for a convention to discuss seceding for the Union, and within 3 months of his election, 7 states had seceded and formed the Confederacy. |
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Term
Crisis
Lincoln's Inauguration
(1861) |
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Definition
| In his speech, he stated that he was on neither "side"; that his main objective was to preserve the union by any means necessary: whether that meant freeing the slaves, only freeing some of them, or maintaining slavery all together, only if it caused/allowed the "preservation of the union." |
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Term
Growth and Compromise
The Great Compromise |
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Definition
| In the House of Representative's, each state would have a number of seats based on it's population; in the Senate, all states would have the same number of seats. |
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Term
Growth and Compromise
Manifest Destiny |
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Definition
| "god-given right' to move west and conquer lands; cause and drove expansion, and the ensuing Mexican-American war. The idea that this expansion should occur because we had a superior culture compared to those that we were taking lands from, etc. |
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Term
Growth and Compromise
Louisiana Purchase
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Definition
| -A treaty between the U.S. and France that doubled the size of the U.S., gave the country access to the Mississippi River, and the port of New Orleans. Napoleon needed supplies, and was concerned about war with Britain, so this led him to concede to Jefferson's offer for the land a bit more easily. |
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Term
Growth and Compromise
The Missouri Compromise
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Definition
| an agreement passed by Congress in 1820 that allowed missouri to be admitted as the 24th state . maine was then admitted as a free state, because missouri was slave territory. Used to maintain the balance between freed and slave states, later leading to the 36*30 agreement. |
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Term
Growth and Compromise
36*30 Line
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Definition
| Prohibitted slavery in the Lousiana territory north of this line. |
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Term
Growth and Compromise
Nullification Crisis(1832-33)
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Definition
| A conflict between the federal gov.'t and S.C.; over the "Tariff of Abominations" which taxed imports, and they felt that it unfairly burdened the south with it's highly agrarian economy, so they passed an "Ordinance of Nullification" declaring the tax unconstitutional, and got troops together to stop Andrew Jackson from militantly forcing them to pay the tax. He got a "Force Bill" passed by Congress, and the other states didn't back S.C. but rather, criticized their rashness. |
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Term
Growth and Compromise
Gag Rule
(1836) |
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Definition
| Provided that petitions relating to slavery would be laid on the table and not be read or referred to by the committee in congress |
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Term
Growth and Compromise
Wilmot Proviso (1846) |
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Definition
| ;an 1846 proposal that outlawed slavery in any territory gained during the war with Mexico. |
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Term
Growth and Compromise
Compromise of 1850 |
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Definition
| saying that if you have a "fugitive slave" you have the right to track them down, and even if they are on "free" soil, you have the right to drag them back home, as they are "technical" property at the time of this law, and that would be "unconstitutional" to deprive someone of their right to property, even of that kind, within the confines of law during that period. |
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Term
Growth and Compromise
Kansas-Nebraska Act
(1854) |
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Definition
| It allowed people who lived in kansas and nebraska to vote whether or not they wanted slavery in those territories. People got made when the elections occurred, but people from the south who wanted slavery stormed the elections and obviously, it was deemed a false win; this occurred two times, so neither state was admitted to the Union. |
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Term
Growth and Compromise
Mexican-American War
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Definition
| enabled "manifest destiny"; |
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Term
Growth and Compromise
Preston Brooks |
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Definition
| the man who caned Charles Sumner, after he made a speech that blamed the Southerners for all of the Pro-Slavery violence in kansas. He beat him so badly, that he did not return to congress for three more years. |
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Term
Growth and Compromise
Charles Sumner's
"The Crime Against Kansas"
(1856) |
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Definition
| A speech that blamed the south for the pro-slavery violence, and he called out and berated two of Brooks' kinsmen as illustrators and perpetrators, not setting a fit example for their people; all in a speech about whether the two states should be admitted. |
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Term
Crisis
John Brown
at
Harper's Ferry (1859) |
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Definition
| it was an attempt by white abolitionist Brown to start an armed slave revolt by seizing a U.S. arsenal at Harper's Ferry; he was defeated. White men begin to make armed efforts at abolition; quite uncommon in those days. |
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