Term
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Definition
-1868
-MAKES NATIVE BORN BLACKS CITIZENS
-GUARANTEES ALL CITIZENS EQUAL PROTECTION UNDER THE LAW
-JOHNSON CAMPAIGNS AGAINST IT |
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Term
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Definition
-1870
-STATES CANNOT DENY VOTE ON BASIS OF RACE, COLOR, OR PREVIOUS SERVITUDE
-INCREASE IN BLACK MALE VOTES |
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Term
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Definition
-1865
-ABOLISHED SLAVERY
-SOUTHERN STATES HAD TO RATIFY IN ORDER TO REJOIN THE UNION AFTER CIVIL WAR |
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Term
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Definition
-LAWS TO OPRESS BLACKS IN THE SOUTH
-LABOR CONTRACTS WERE ISSUED FROM FARMERS IN EXCHANGE FOR LAND TO WORK ON AND SOME CROPS, IF CONTRACT WAS NOT RENEWED, THEY WOULD BE FINED AND CONSIDERED A VAGRANT
-NO CITIZEN RIGHTS (JURY DUTY,VOTING)
-INTERMARRIAGE WAS OUTLAWED
-VERY LITTLE PROPERTY RIGHTS |
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Term
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Definition
-DE JURE SEGREGATION (BY LAW)
-PLESSY VS FERGUSON(1896)
-SEPARATE BUT EQUAL IS FAIR
-SEGREGATION SPREADS AND IS INSTITUTED INTO MANY ESTABLISHMENTS IN SOUTH
-LOSS OF POLITICAL RIGHTS DUE TO WHITE EMPLOYERS OF BLACKS AND KKK TELLING THEM WHICH WAY TO VOTE AND THREATENING |
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Term
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Definition
| -THEORY THAT IS WAS A GOD GIVEN RIGHT TO EXPLORE THE WEST AND EXPAND THE US |
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Term
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Definition
-1850S:REMOVAL PHASE BEGINS(MOVING INDIANS AWAY FROM WHITES,TRAIL OF TEARS)
-1860S:CONCENTRATION,CONFINEMENT(RESERVATIONS,CIVILIZE THE SAVAGES,WANTED NATIVES AS AGRICULTURE WORKERS)
-ACCULTURATION |
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Term
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Definition
-1868
-ESTABLISHED RESERVATIONS
-BLACK HILLS WERE DESIGNEATED AREA WHERE NO WHITE MAN COULD ENCROACH
-INDIANS COULDNT OPPOSE RRs
-ENGLISH TAUGHT IN SCHOOLS ON RESERVATIONS |
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Term
| GOV. TEACHINGS ON RESERVATIONS |
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Definition
-PREPARED FOR INTERGRATION INTO POP CULTURE
-CHRISTIANITY
-PRIVATE OWNERSHIP
-ANGLO CULTURE |
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Term
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Definition
-1887
-ASSIMILATION:GRANTED US CITIZENSHIP TO NATIVES WILLING TO FARM 360 ACRES AND RID THEMSELVES OF INDIAN WAYS
-DIVIDED RESERVATIONS INTO PLOTS OF 160 OR 320 ACRES
-HUGE REDUCTION OF AMOUNT OF INDIAN LAND |
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Term
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Definition
-1882
-BANNED IMMIGRATION FROM CHINA
-FIRST TIME IMMIGRATION BANNED BASED ON ETHNICITY |
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Term
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Definition
-1862
-160 ACRES OF FREE LAND GIVEN TO CITIZENS WHO FILE AN APPLICATION, IMPROVE THE LAND AND THEN ARE ABLE TO FILE FOR THE TITLE TO THE LAND
-40% SUCCESSFULLY HOMESTEADEDED |
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Term
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Definition
-1892
-mining companies hired pinkerton spies to report on union activity in mines
-3500 miners protest
-pinkertons sent in to stop protesters
-protesters locked up for months
-western federation of miners formed in prison |
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Term
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Definition
-1894
-many silver and gold mines
-panic of 1893:silver plummets
-mining companies called for wage cuts and more hours
-WFM organizes strike
-mining companies form private militias to supress strikers
-governer of colorado sends militia to protect the miners
-victory of WFM |
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Term
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Definition
-1877
-states cannot regulate interstate commerce
-interstate commerce commission created, found violations in pricing but not very powerful agency |
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Term
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Definition
-workers drove to meet quota, if they did not they lost job
-escalates and creates mayhem
-1/4 of carnegie steel workers killed on the job |
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Term
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Definition
| a company becoming part of all aspects of production to maximize profit |
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Term
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Definition
| a company producing products that are similar to current product to maximize profit |
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Term
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Definition
-anyone in community would join and pay dues
-started newspapers
-talked about current events in homeland
-held social activities
-provide form of limited insurance
-injured people needed help and money
-gave death benefits
-present ethnic identity in america |
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Term
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Definition
-leader in steel manufacturing
-provided workers with places to live but they had poor living conditions and worked long hours and paid high rent
-vertical integration |
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Term
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Definition
-gov should not be involved in business
-religions believed that gods would rule
-large following in middle class |
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Term
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Definition
-mass production of goods
-mechanization
-railroad gov policies
-largest land grant in history
-cities would begin to form where train depots were |
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Term
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Definition
-integration of the south into the american industrial system
-re-emergence of a south characterized by racial opression
-skewed social system(mostly white farmers but all power laid in the hands of wealthy slaveholders)
-reconstruction(more rr built,public education system, south was far behind and devastatated)
-no industrial labor force
-sharecropping(farmers leased areas of land for blacks or poor whites to farm and yield crops for the farmer) |
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Term
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Definition
-began as former military member social club
-guerilla warfare
-target black republicans
-want democratic equality
-scare many blacks out of voting |
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Term
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Definition
| -social club for farmers that pressed for the interstate commerce act, makes sure all shipping rates stay the same for everyone |
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Term
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Definition
-1887
-shipping prices were fluxuating
-prices werent being posted
-required farmers in pricing
-first opposition in business policy |
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Term
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Definition
| populists and other wanted silver to be introduced into the money system, causing inflation and making their products more valuable. popular with farmers |
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Term
| the great railroad strike of 1877 |
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Definition
-military called in to control it
-took place accross the nation, first national strike in history
-over 100 deaths
-tension between capital and labor
-wage reductions were the cause
-rr industry workers also striked
-local militia and violence
-strikers put down by army
-questions of fairness |
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Term
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Definition
-slowly spread
-republican-producerism:liberty, independence, unalienable rights,wealth created by labor
-wanted 8 hr day, equal pay(men and women),public ownership of rr,no child labor,graduated income tax,no chinese immigration
-open to all workers |
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Term
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Definition
-service was being held for strikers who had been killed by police
-someone in crowd throws a bomb, police open fire
-8 of the strike leaders were arrested, 7 of them sentenced to death although not actually known if they had anyting to do with the bomb
-demoralized the labor movement
-thought that foreigners brought violence
-knights of labor memberships decline |
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Term
| the peoples party (populist) |
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Definition
-political reform
-secret ballot
-direct election of senators
-one term presidency
-outlawing strike breakers
-8 hour work day
-free silver
-naturalize rr, banks, communication
-appointed black delagates
-thought social class defines you more than color |
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Term
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Definition
-form of credit
-cycle of debt
-merchants provided food and supplies on credit and when crop was harvested, it was used to pay back merchant |
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Term
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Definition
-pool purchasing power and then productive power
-new type of leader emerged: young,uneducated,well-spoken,angry,farmers' rights...William Lamb
-warehouse overproduction:backstocked products and wouldnt sell until price rebounded
-brought political education to farmers
-speakers heard by over 2 million farmers and families |
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Term
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Definition
-price of silver drops
-market collapses, banks, businesses close
-farms, crop prices down, no longer self sufficient
-railroads were overcapitalized(same companies buying lines that werent effiecient and couldnt afford, construction down)
-bank failures
-european de-investment(gold flows from nyc to london) |
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Term
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Definition
-pullman boxcars fires 1/3 of labor
-lowers wages but not rent in the town
-standard of living plummets
-fires workers who voice concern about issues
-workers join american railway union
-ARU boycotts pullman boxcars
-shuts down transportation
-conflicts between workers and national guard
-debs(leader of ARU) arrested
-determines that business owners have the right to keep a business open while workers strike, and if workers refuse to negotiate, military action may be taken |
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Term
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Definition
-eugene v debs
-wanted all railway workers to join
-crushed by the law in pullman strike |
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Term
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Definition
-1879, carlisle,pennsylvania
-model for all indian reservation schools
-tried to assimilate 140 tribes into majority culture
-many students died and became sick from disease due to climate changes and anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
-1864
-occured when 700 colorado militia attacked and destroyed a village of friendly indians, killing 70-163 indians
-marked further tension with the indians |
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Term
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Definition
-1867
-treaties signed between US and plains indians tribes to relocate the tribes to reservations
-came after report found that congress was responsible for some indian wars |
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Term
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Definition
-route connecting montana to oregon trail(gold rush route)
-many travellers through the territory provoked indians and attacks
-army tried several times to gain control |
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Term
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Definition
-1876, montana territory
-indians were protesting the US treatment of natives
-US underestimated the number of indians
-custer marched in with 700 men, 268 deaths
-US expands army and believes indians to be dangerous |
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Term
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Definition
-religious movement among indians
-spread through US and many tribes incorporated its ideas with their own beliefs
-believed in peaceful end to white expansion while preaching goals of clean living, honest life and cross-cultural cooperation by indians
-thought to have played key role in indian resistence
-believed ancestors would return as well as buffalo and other animals |
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Term
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Definition
-troops went into pine ridge reservation to disarm lakota indians
-one idian put up a struggle and accidentally fired a bullet
-troops attacked and killed at least 150 indians |
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Term
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Definition
-key industry
-every factory,bridge,building needs steel
-bessimer process:more steel more efficiently
-andrew carnegie:vertical integration |
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Term
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Definition
-E and S europe, asians, russians, italians,greeks,czechs
-seen as "very foreign"
-couldnt speak english
-americans concerned that they werent protestant
-not seen as being white
-americans thought traditions would be lost
-new immigrants fill factory systems |
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Term
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Definition
-first major US discovery of silver
-viginia city, nevada 1859
-prospectors rush to area
-mining camps sprout up and becomes area of much wealth
-created new mining technologies and methods
-interest declined after 1874 |
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Term
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Definition
-first labor union
-promoted free public education as way out of poverty
-wanted 10-11 hr work day
-promoted enlightenment of working class
-provided financial support for journeymen striking against masters |
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Term
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Definition
-describes area west of great plains and east of rockies
-symbol for unfertile, unprofitable land
-settlers passed quickly through
-last stronghold of indians
-RRs believed land to be valueless
-people eventually settled, finding aquifers and transforming much of it into farmable, tree-filled land |
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Term
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Definition
-cattle drive trail that went from the rio grande river to abilene, kansas where cattle were shipped
-challenges:terrain,weather,indian conflicts when drivers didnt pay toll |
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Term
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Definition
-way of letting animals owned roam freely
-difficult to tend to animals |
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Term
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Definition
-ranchers could now confine animals
-could now become more commercialized and animals kept in better condition |
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Term
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Definition
-frederick jackson turner 1893
-shows origin of distinctive features of frontier life
-stressed moving the frontier line and effects on pioneers
-"breaking bonds of customs, offering new experiences,and calling out institutions and activities.
-caused many to head west |
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Term
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Definition
-caused by international decline in silver, following germany's abandonment of silver in currency
-bank closures
-factories laid off workers
-construction halted,wages cut, real estate values fell
-cause of great railroad strike of 1877 |
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Term
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Definition
-founded by john d rockafeller
-was largest oil company in the world
-broken up by supreme court because it demonstrated a monopoly |
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Term
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Definition
-holds other companies outstanding stock
-owns enough voting stock to exercise control over a company |
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Term
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Definition
| market form in which industry is dominated by a few sellers, decision of one firm affected by another |
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Term
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Definition
-competition in laissez faire capitalism
-forces that act similar to how they do in nature
-survival of fittest in market |
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Term
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Definition
-opposed shift from paper money back into coins because believed banks and corps would define prices of labor and products
-condemned use of militia in strikes
-believed gov money control would allow more currency to stay in circulation, helping farmers by price increase and easiness to reduce debt |
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Term
| american federation of labor |
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Definition
-conservative, not overly powerful
-skilled workers
-samuel gompers
-wanted better working conditions
-no women, few blacks
-wanted to maximize power
-high dues, money for stikes
-concrete goals
-business unionism: regulated skilled workers in industry |
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Term
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Definition
-workers protested at a parade in Chicago, resulting in the death of one man
-led to haymarket affair |
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Term
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Definition
-spread through and devastated chicago
-many died
-many left homeless
-city was rebuilt with skyscrapers |
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Term
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Definition
-single powerful leader
-lesser organization of sjubjects |
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Term
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Definition
-democratic political machine
-played major role in NYC politics and helped irish become prominenent in politics
-divided into wards(small political units) to gain public support |
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