Term
| Declaration of Independence |
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July 4th, 1776
Affirmed Enlightenments natural rights of “Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness”. Declared colonies to be free and independent states absolved from the all allegiance to the British crown. |
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July 14th, 1789
Represented centralized power in Paris. The governor was captured and then killed. The populace also now had acquired guns from the armory of the Bastille |
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September 5, 1793 to July 27, 1794
Revolutionary courts were organized to protect the state from internal corruption. Many people were executed as they were declared enemies of the state. |
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(French Revolution)
The period of Liberal Revolution |
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| July 14th 1789 to August 10th, 1792 |
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(French Revolution)
The period of Radical Revolution |
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| August 10th, 1792 to September 27th, 1795 |
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(French Revolution)
The Directory |
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| August 22nd 1795 to November 9th 1799 |
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(French Revolution)
The Consulate |
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| November 9th 1799 to December 2nd 1804 |
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(French Revolution)
The Napoleonic Empire |
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| December 2nd 1804 to April 11th 1814 |
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September, 1814 to June, 1815
was a conference of ambassadors of European states chaired by Klemens Wenzel von Metternich, and held in Vienna from September, 1814 to June, 1815. The objective of the Congress was to settle the many issues arising from the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire. This objective resulted in the redrawing of the continent's political map. |
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| France, other outbursts: New election of Charles X issued a set of edicts that imposed rigid censorship of press. Dissolved legislative assembly and reduced the electorate for new elections. Led to July Revolution. Louis-Philippe took over new monarchy as Charles X fled. Belgians get their independence from the Dutch. Italian states fight for independence yet get crushed. Polish try to get independence from Russia, instead Russia ends up running an oppressive dictatorship in Poland. |
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| Britain: the Reform Act of 1832 |
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| 1832 after the Whigs came into power. Gave recognition to the changes brought on by the Industrial Revolution. Gave the upper middle class a voice. And gave the Industrial Middle class a chance to be part of landing interest in ruling Britain. |
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| Started in France causes were the severe industrial and agricultural depression. The governments constant refusal to extend suffrage. Success in France where they got a legislature elected by universal male suffrage. Mostly a failure in other countries. Established governments were back in power. |
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October 4, 1853 – March 1856
War fought mainly in the Crimea between the Russians and an alliance consisting of the Ottoman empire, Britain, France, and Sardinia-Piedmont. It arose from the conflict of great powers in the Middle East and was more directly caused by Russian demands to exercise protection over the Orthodox subjects of the Ottoman sultan. |
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April 1859-September 20, 1870
the political and social movement that agglomerated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century.
With Piedmont Prime Minister Cavour gaining money through economy. Gained strong army to fight with help from French to drive Austria out of Italy. |
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| German Empire proclaimed – at Versailles |
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| 2nd Industrial Revolution |
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| 1871-1894. Brought along new scientific and technological advancements that many naively believed would improve humanities condition and solve all human problems. Emergence of mass societies in heavily urbanized cities. |
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1894
Captain Alfred Dreyfus, an officer on the French general staff, is accused of spying for Germany, France's opponent in the last war. The only evidence is a scrap of paper, retrieved from the wastebasket by a cleaning woman, with handwriting that does not much resemble that of Dreyfus. But Dreyfus is Jewish, the only Jew on the general staff. And Jews are considered people without a fatherland, insufficiently loyal to the country they live in. Dreyfus is convicted, partly on evidence forged by anti-Semitic officers, and sentenced to life imprisonment on Devil's Island off the coast of South America. |
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| Japan’s Meiji restoration |
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Definition
1868
The Meiji Restoration was a chain of events that restored imperial rule to Japan in 1868. The Restoration led to enormous changes in Japan's political and social structure, and spanned both the late Edo period (often called Late Tokugawa shogunate) and the beginning of the Meiji period. |
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1904-1905
was "the first great war of the 20th century"[3] which grew out of the rival imperial ambitions of the Russian Empire and Japanese Empire over Manchuria and Korea. The major theatres of operations were Southern Manchuria, specifically the area around the Liaodong Peninsula and Mukden, the seas around Korea, Japan, and the Yellow Sea |
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1878
• met to reorganize Balkans
• Bulgaria=free state
• Turkey gets-Rumelia and Macedonia
• Romania=independence have to give some land to Russia
• Serbia=independent
• Aust-Hung=Bosnia & Herzegovenia
• Brit=Cyprus |
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| Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand |
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1914
• Assassinated by Serbians
• Austria=mobilize against Serbia
• Russia=aid to serbians
• So Germany aid Austria-Russia |
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1918
• day the armistice was signed between Germany &
• signed in France
• end all hostilities western front
• “eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month” |
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1905
• Bloody Sunday
o St. Petersburg
o Guards open fire on protestors
• Peasant unrest
• Worker strikes |
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1917
• aka October Revolution
• insurrection against provisional gov’t
• new soviet gov’t |
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| Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles |
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1919
• Deal w/ end WWI
• Reparations etc. |
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1933
Nazis came to power by appealing to the masses and by political maneuvering. Hitler became the head to the German government. And Germany became a fascist state. |
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| Hitler’s various big moves in the 1930s |
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Definition
In 1933 The Enabling Act passed – powers of legislation pass to Hitler’s cabinet for four years, making him virtual dictator. He proclaims the Nazi Party is the only political party permitted in Germany. All other parties and trade unions are disbanded. Individual German states lose any autonomous powers, while Nazi officials become state governors. He removes Germany from the League of Nations, and starts rearmament plan.
1934: Hitler eliminates all opposition within his party. |
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1938
a meeting between the heads of Italy, France, Great Britain, and Germany. In which they agreed to allow Germany to annex the Sudentenland in order to appease Germany. |
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| What started the war, finally? |
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1939
The invasion of Poland caused Great Britain to declare war on Germany |
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| What brought the USA into the war? |
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| The attack on Pearl Harbor, On December 7th 1941. |
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| What were the key turning points of WWII? |
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Definition
| The Battle of Stalingrad 1942-43. The Battle of Midway June 1942. |
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1938
The night of broken glass was a Nazi led destructive rampage against the Jews |
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| Hiroshima was nuked on August 6th 1945, and Nagasaki was nuked on august 9th 1945 |
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March 12 1947
Truman stated the Doctrine would be "the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures." |
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1948-1949
Was the US response to the Soviet Blockade of West Berlin, in which the US airdropped food and supplies. |
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1956
Was a nation wide revolt against the government and its communist policies |
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| 1961-1990 Was a symbol of the cold war, it was the wall that divided the Soviet controlled eastern section of berlin and the western side. |
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| 1962 It was an incident that brought the two great powers within minutes of war. |
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1968
was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia during the era of its domination by the Soviet Union after World War II. It began on 5 January 1968, when reformist Slovak Alexander Dubček came to power, and continued until 21 August when the Soviet Union and members of the Warsaw Pact invaded the country to halt the reforms. |
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1989~1991
Gorbachev and the fall of the Soviet Union |
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