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| The capital of the Umayyad caliphate in Spain, this city had seventy public libraries, it became the center for scholars from all over the Islmaic world, large numbers of women served as teachers and librarians, the textbook featured a nice picture of its mosque |
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| Second wave of Mongolian invaders who rode through the Caspian Gates, this people settled down in Hungary, preserved their language and have been their ever since |
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| With headquarters in Baghdad, this arabic dynasty flourished for several hundred years during which the time Arab scholars translated and preserved Greek learning and developed Math |
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| Early heretics who tried to absorb nascent Christianity by saying Jesus was the best example of their belief that sparks of the divine must be freed from matter that is basically evil |
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| Vigorous, resourceful and exceptionally brutal invaders who terrorized European coasts and rivers for a century before settling down in places as far apart as Sicily and Normandy |
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| Successor and blood relative of Muhammed with some disciples intervening as leaders of Islam; the question of legitimate succession led to an enduring split between the Shias and the Sunnis |
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| Germans who migrated across the Rhine and settled in Gaul bringing laws and customs along with them but gradually losing their language so it became a Romance language |
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| Byzantine engineers solved the architechual problem of placing a dome on four pillars in this church which became the model for domes everywhere; the solution is called a pendentive, the textbook also mentions that this church had a whole lost of windows |
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| Germanic king who started the Merovingian dynasty of kings in France; hero of Christianity because he converted to Catholicism around 500 AD and brought his whole people with him |
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| As Basil did in the East, this man wrote a monastic rule in the West that became the model for monks and then nuns living the vows of poverty, chastity and obedience in communities |
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| He faced that reality of chaos in Rome and established an administartive until that eventually became the Papal States; some may even call him great and an illistration of him with a dove is featured in the textbook |
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| First ecumenical council of the church; heald in 325 AD, condemned Arianism and stated that Jesus was of 'the same substance' as God; it did not end the Christological controversy |
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| Portrayed in mosaics in the Church of San Vitale, her presence on the wall of this church indicates the important role she played in the Byzantine state; she had been an actress and prostitute before she became the loving companion of Justinian |
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| Roman Emperor who revived Europe for a time in the 6th century by re-conquering the West from barbarians and codifying Roman law; but it did not last - too many barbarians |
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| The combination of religious and political leader who led the Arabs in a time after Muhammed ; there has never been an acceptable form of separation of church and state in Islam; there were 4 of them |
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| Under their king Alaric they sacked Rome in 410 AD but did not stay in Italy; they went on to Spain instead where they set up a kingdom that lasted until the Arabs smashed it in 711 |
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Issue in the byzantine empire that pitted the emperor against the monks over biblical injunction against 'graven images' the emperor lost, but a compromise of sorts ensued anyways |
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| governmental system characterized by a personal contract between a lord and vassel in which the vassel gets a fief and the lord gets service, usually military |
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| the monetary worth of a person listed in earlt germanic law codes, this was the sum designated as a fine for compensation of a family if a member - it may be a man, woman or child - was killed by an outsider |
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