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| Leading city of Minoan civilizations of the island of Crete; probably passed eqyptian culture to the Greeks when they conquered this city |
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| Along with Plato a great philosopher who emphasized oberserving nature ad human activity and cataloguing things; he was more scientific in that sense than Plato |
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| The poor people of Athens, serfs and slaves who were banished from the city but who were needed by the people all the time because of their work |
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| the old landed aristocracy of Athens, largely the tribesmen whose pedigree went way back and who controlled elective office until rich upstarts started to challenge their control |
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The citadel of Athens which was an old fortress transformed by Pericles and others into a major shrine to Athena whose temple, the Parthanon, is the best example of the Doric order |
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| Chief god in the Greek pantheon; supposedly lived on Mt. Olympus and ruled with his thunderbolts |
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| One of the Greek architechtural orders which is more slender and graceful than Doric; its entablature has a continuous frieze and its columns have fancy bases and volute captials |
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| Finally able to bring social peace to Athens by introducing democracy with every free man having a vote regardless of economic standing or family connections |
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| 'neuveau riches' of athens, the merchents whose political rights did not match their economic power; they were discontent as a result |
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| Wise lawgiver who saw that a good way to resolve tensions in Athens was to open elective office to the rich, getting rid of birth as a qualification for office and substituting wealth |
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| Sculpture by Polyclitus also known as the Canon because of its ideal proportions for the human body; it was a nude male spear carrier |
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| Battle not far from Athens, exactly 26 miles and 389 yards, in which the amphibious invading army of King Darius was smashed by the Athenian phalanx; son Xerxes failed too, at Salamis |
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| Considered by most people the greatest historian of the ancient world; wrote a History of the Peloponnesian War |
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| Militaristic society that left little art or architechture; winner of the Peloponnesian war |
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| Fated to kill his father and marry his mother, this leader of Thebes was the subject of a trilogy of plays by Sophocles, greatest of the Greek tragedians |
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| One of the last great Oriental Empires, streched from the Indus river to Eqypt and the Mediterranean; came into conflict with Greek colonial poleis in Anatolia which liked freedom |
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| Tried to reconcile tensions in Athens by giving the poor work; did wonders for Athenian infastructure but did not solve the underlying problem of political rights for all citizens |
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