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| English poet who wrote The Canterbury Tales which like several other works at the time was strung together loosely by a conceit, his being a pilgrimage to a shrine of Thomas a Becket |
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| Attempt to keep the effects of the bubonic plague from being flet by the ruling class in England; it attempted to limit wages to pre-plague levels and forbid the mobility of peasants |
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| During the Hundred Years War this institution lost power because the king needed to expel the English and the way to do it was by claiming the right to tax; led to absolute monarchical power in France |
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| An attempt in 1381 to get Richard II to acknowledge the equality of the lower classes with the aristocract; it was doomed to failure despite the new economic muscle of the farmers |
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| Grandson of the French king but through the female line; he claimed the throne despite the Salic Law and started the Hundred Years War; he lived through fifty of those years |
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| Essentially disinherited by the Treaty of Troyes, this jerk of a king needed his spine stiffened by a girl, Joan of Arc, who got him crowned and then was betrayed by the Burgundians to the English; he acted as stupid as he looked |
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| She reprimaned Pope Gregory XI for being an absentee bishop as he hung around in France; finally he returned to Rome where he belonged |
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| During the heyday of conciliarism and the Great Western Schism a group of bishops called a council here and deposed the two popes and elected another, but that just made three |
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| Nephew of the French king who succeeded to the throne despite being of a collateral line because of the Salic Law prevented the direct line from succeeding through a woman |
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| In her work, The Book of the City of Ladies she denounced many male writeds who argued that women needed to be controlled by men because they were by nature prone to evil, unable to learn, and easily swayed |
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| Considered one of the earliest painters of the Renaissance he put new realism into painting with burial scenes of plague victims; art would never be the same |
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| Early in the Hundred Years War the French peasants decimated by the plague took the opportunity to escape bondage and serfdom but this uprising, like others, was crushed |
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| His masterpiece Divine Comedy is a story about the soul's progression to salvation; it is divided into three major sections; hell, purgatory and heaven |
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| Responded to the first call for a crusade by leading a mob of enthusiasts down the Danube without military organization; after pillaging and rioting they were slaughtered |
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| William the Conqueror took England but was an ignoramus regarding his kingdom so he commissioned guys to go around and determine feudal rights and duties written down here |
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| Indulgences were attached to a veneration of these objects associated with Jesus or the saints and people for things like True Cross |
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| Crusade that never got to the Holy Land but conquered the Byzantine Empire instead and set up Latin Kingdoms for a few decades; by this time the crusading spirit was nearly exhausted |
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| Most successful of the crusades, this one was organized and led by nobles rather than kings and would take the Holy Land, setting up four kingdoms in the usual feudal manner |
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| Fiasco of a crusade, this one featured the Big Three (Fred Barbarossa, Phil Augustus and Richard the Lionhearted); Fred drowned in a stream, Phil went home earlt and swiped Dick's French fiefs |
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| Gregory VII distracted by the Investitue Controversy, could not help out the Byzantine Emperor when the Turks took the Holy Land so this pope called a crusade in 1095 |
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| An example of an immensely powerful and influential abbess, this one was a poet and composer as well as a preacher, administrator and foundress; she shows that women were not all oppressed |
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| In a Diaspora ever since early Roman times, this group maintained its identity and was tolerated well enough by Christians until people began to resent them as money lenders |
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| Along with Dominic this man saw the solution on monastic wealth in refusing to hold property, relying instead on begging; hence the mendicant orders of friars and monks |
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| Finally ended the Investiture Controvery in 1122 with a compromise that stated that the Emperor would name the bishops but the pope would invest them with symbols of office |
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| Site in Burgundy of the first reform of the Benedictine order which grew and spread across Europe; it was so successful that monasteries became rich and would again need reform |
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