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| (Late 19th century, Early 20th). Gentlemen would come to the lady's home, being received at the parlor. The mother or father would initiate and see if he was acceptable to call on their daughter or not. Upper and middle class. |
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| By 1920, the upper and middle classes were using the term "dating" to mean going out on dates to movies, ice skating, vaudeville, circus, zoos, etc. The car allowed them more freedom, "movable hotels." It's meaning had changed from prostitutes making "dates" with their costumers. Early on, there was a competitive dating system called "campus rating complex" to see how many people you could date and if you got "stuck" at dance, you were stuck dancing with the same person, which was bad. |
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| In the calling system, "going steady" would be a precursor to marriage, but around 1955, it meant exclusively dating. Boys would call the girl on the phone, they would go to the movies and dinner, often give each other ID bracelets, ankle bracelets, the boy would give the girl his Letterman jacket. |
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| (1956) Book by Grace Metalious. Based some of the book on a girl who was sexually assaulted by her father and then killed him, but because that was controversial, Metalious made it the girl's stepfather in the book. It was turned into a movie that brushed over those controversial events, and focused on Allison MacKenzie. The book was banned in Indiana and Rhode Island. |
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| (1940s) This was a spontaneous literary world where the words were just suppose to flow out of you in this creative flow, but it was more of an ideal than a practice. |
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| Founded by Lawrence Ferlinghetti in 1953, located in San Francisco. It was known for publishing and selling "beat" works. It became well known in 1956 when it published Allen Ginsberg's Howl and Other Poems. |
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| Published in 1956. It rejected the landscape of consumption and questioned morals. It was originally performed at Sixth Gallery in 1955. It was inspired by the dreams and conversations of Ginsberg and Vollmer. It mourned the waste of his generation. |
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| Term was coined in 1957. The beat was becoming popular with the publishing of On The Road. That October, the Soviets lauched Sputnik. Since the beats were really "far out," people combined "beat" and "sputnik" to create beatnik which described the pop culture and stereotypes of the beat culture. This was the mainstreaming of the beat generation. The censorship of beat work only made it more popular. |
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| songs that were typically gospel, blues, and jazz (primarily instrumental and ensemble of African American performers), forms of music were marketed towards African Americans. Majority of companies were owned by euro-white communities. There was an exception of Black Swan Records in 1921; it was owned and produced by Dubois |
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| From Turkey, TX, he worked on farms and was exposed to different music by the workers. He also worked as a barber. He was always singing and playing. In 1943, he moved to California and started recording. "Ida Red Likes to Boogie" became a hit in 1949. |
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| A term used to describe how Elvis would gyrate when he performed. He was not allowed to gyrate in Jacksonville under court order in 1956. In June 1956, he was filmed gyrating on the Milton Berle Show. Made girls crazy. |
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| In 1953, Leiber and Stoller released their song Hound Dog. Big Mama Thornton, a gospel singer, recorded Hound Dog in Texas. When Elvis made it big with Hound Dog, Thornton tried to legally get some of the profits, but she failed and died penniless. |
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| A psychiatrist and expert witness in many cases. In 1948, he worked as an expert witness on behalf of Sunshine and Health Magazine, a magazine that encouraged nudism. Werthem told people to turn their attention to the violence of comic books. He said Superman was facist and there were racist images in comic books. In 1954, he published Seduction of the Innocent. Parents wrote to Werthem, seeking advice because they were worried about their children. |
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| (1955) Senator Estes Kefauver led this committee which focused on popular culture. It budgeted research money for causes of juvenile delinquency. |
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| (1955) This film followed a story of a school teacher at an interracial, all boys school in a city, named Richard Dadier, a WWII vet. He struggles to establish order. There is chaos, attempted sexual assault and fights. Parents were horrified by the film. |
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| A 14 year old black boy from Chicago, who was visiting relatives in rural Mississippi. He was showing how interracial his school was in Chicago through his yearbook to some other boys. They dared him to go talk to a white woman in a store. Emmett said "bye baby" to the woman when he walked out of the store. An older man said "Are you crazy?!" Later, a couple of men came with guns to the house Emmett was staying at and took him away and beat him to death. The men were found not guilty. Emmett's murder helped fuel the civil rights movement. |
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| On Feb 1, 1960, four black college students from the North Carolina Agricultural and Tech College, tried to order at the white only lunch counter. They made sure they were well dressed and polite, but the waitress said "no." The students stayed there until the store closed and no one else knew what to do. So, they came back the next day with more people and later hundreds of people, including white students. There were bomb threats. By the end of February, the movement spread to seven states. There were about 50,000 people by April. They met at Shaw University in Raleigh and formed SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee). |
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| (1960), a mentor and season activist, Baker helped guide SNCC. She was born at the turn of the century, part of the Southern Christian movement with MLK,but she thought they were too cautious. She wanted to develop leadership in others. |
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| Starting in May 1961, the freedom riders rode buses across the south starting in D.C. Blacks and whites rode the buses together and would get off and wait together in normally segregated waiting areas. In Alabama, they were met with a hostil mob, and the bus was fire bombed. The Governor blamed "outside agitators." But the freedom rides continued. When they reach Jackson, MS, they were told they were guaranteed safety. The MS police guaranteed their safety be arresting them (about 300 riders), and sending them to the State Penitentiary. The federal government ruled segregating waiting areas was unconstitutional. |
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| (1961) In McComb, MS, SNCC helped registed people to vote. It was met with violence, in which Herbert Lee, an activist, was murdered and the witness disappeared. |
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| MS Freedom Democratic Party |
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| In May 1964, SNCC created the party. It embraced federal government programs to register black voters. Their goal was to go to the National Democratic Convention and present themselves as the real Democratic Party of MS. The National Party said "no" to replacing the party. This disappointed SNCC and they turned down the two seats they were offered. |
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| Slaughton Lynd was the director in the freedom schools in the summer of 1964. They taught kids about black history and included leadership classes. They were trying to develop and create citizenship within the students. About 4,000 kids participated. It was informal and non-authoritarian. |
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| Lowndes County Freedom Organization |
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| (1965) Carmichael worked with SNCC in Lowndes County, Alabama. After a black woman had been murder, Carmichael started working with the local people. SNCC had found a loophole that allowed independent local political parties. They created the Lowndes County Freedom Organization. They chose the black panther as their symbol and won local elections. |
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| Grew up in Trinidad and attended Howard University, he was a marxist at first, but then started to think racism caused the economic disparities. He became an important part of SNCC. (1965) |
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| (1962)An ideology founded by the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) in a meeting at Fort Puron, Michigan. The Idealogy was drafted in the Fort Puron Statement and consisted of active participation and activism that did not stop short of voting or contributing money, but actually got on the ground and actively participated. The ideal paralleled with the Norman Rockwell “freedom of speech” painting, that the people who were not politically powerful were able to stand up and make their voice heard, and that they had the freedom to act on what they believed. Was a strong ideal held with the SDS that shaped many of their activities of activism such as ERAP that had a lasting impact. Was similar the ideology of grassroots leadership and activism of SNCC and it could be seen as why the two bodies were interconnected. |
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| Economic Research and Action Project (ERAP) |
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| (1963-1966) students lived in 9 cities with a strict code of conduct, they had to appear respectable. The goal was to create an interracial organization of the poor. They tried to create tenants unions. Mothers were the easiest to organize. It ended because the focus of the SDS changed to the war. Great example of participatory democracy. |
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| (1967) Students at UT didn't want the administration to cut down 400 year old cypress trees at Waller Creek to make room for Stadium additions. The Architecture department made new plans that would avoid cut down the trees, but the administration wouldn't have it. Students gathered in the tree, police forced them out and the trees were taken down. |
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| (1967) Youth International Party. Mixed pleasure and politics. It was a counterculture mixed with militant activism. They would harass the police. |
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