Term
| How did developments in social life and politics at the turn of the century produce instability and set the backdrop for war? |
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Definition
Political assassinations
faster pace of life
colonial competition made things tense
faith in society tested - pessimism and despair |
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Term
| How did developments in art and intellectual life at the turn of the century produce instability and set the backdrop for war? |
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Definition
Chaotic art and music
broke with traditional methods, hard to interpret
science created uncomfortable notions
Sigmund Frued, Niche, Einstein |
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Term
| How did ideas about the self and about personal life change at the beginning of the twentieth century? |
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Definition
marriage reform - divorces easier and cheaper
population increases put pressure on structures - better medical care and sanitation, birth rates fall especially in middle and upper class.
indentity changes - "new woman", homosexuality and sexual identity becomes strongly linked to politics |
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Term
| How did modernism transform the arts and world of ideas? |
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Definition
| art became far less structured. Colors became bright, shape and structure were over-emphasized (Picasso, Cezanne, Matiss) music and dance evolved, leaving regular ballet type structure behind, music is disturbing, many times with foreign influence and violent and obsessive themes |
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Term
| What were the points of tension between European political life at the beginning of the twentieth century? |
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Definition
| socialists gain - looking for change in current system, or looking to revolutionize current system, labor organizations gain momentum in political sphere, Women want greater suffrage, become organized into political groups in the middle class, working class get involved as well, but squabble with middle class over whic comes first, suffrage, or economic status |
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Term
| How and why did events in overseas empires from the 1890s on challenge Western faith in imperialism? |
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Definition
| Boer war - South Africa was a VERY bloody war with a very high casualty rate on the South African side. Phillipines - US decimated the population (200,000 die) trying to take control of it. Boxer rebellion - massacres in china, burning cities. |
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Term
| What were major factors leading to the outbreak of WWI? |
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Definition
| Colonialism - competition for land, power, and prestige, Arms race - mass production of weapons in 'potential self-defense', Francis Ferdinand was assassinated in June of 1914 |
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Term
| How did changes in society at the turn of the century affect the development of mass politics? |
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Definition
| government became more integral to the daily lives of people. with the ability to communicate with them through technology, they could change the mindset of an entire generation. Nationalism changed politics by promoting 'your own kind' of mindset to help unite the people into a common goal, and gain votes. The extreme pride pushed aside any public decent. |
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Term
| How was culture connected to the world of mass politics in the years 1890-1914? |
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Definition
| Just like in politics, the loudest got the most attention. Art was crazy and the strangest received the most attention. Political figures that were the most brazen and passionate about their ideals usually received the most votes. Culture also was immediatley reflected in the politics of the time. As people became more antisemetic, political figures promoted these issues and made them worse. Also politics pushed parts of culture that helped to meet their greater goal. Rather then suppressing the people involved, they manipulated them. |
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Term
| How has nationalism changed since the French Revolution? |
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Definition
| Nationalism used to be a group of likeminded individuals bound from the inside in language, birthplace, or religion. Into the turn of the century, nationalism returned to being linked to the government in control, rather than the people within it. |
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