Term
| what bones make up the pelvis |
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Definition
| 2 hip bones (os coxae bones), sacrum, and the coccyx |
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Term
| What bones make up the hip bones |
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Definition
| there are 3, the Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis |
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Term
| What bones make up the thigh |
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Definition
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Term
| How many bones are in the foot |
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Definition
| 7 tarsal bones, 5 metatarsals, 14 phalanges |
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Term
| What is the most proximal of the lower extremity joints and what type of joint is it |
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Definition
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Term
| True or False: The hip is a very unstable joint |
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Definition
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Term
| How many planes does the hip joint move in |
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Definition
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Term
| Flexion, extension, and hyperextension of the hip joint occur on what plane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Approximately how many degrees of flexion does the hip have |
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Definition
120
15 degrees of hyperextension |
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Term
| What plane does adduction and abduction of the hip occur in |
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Definition
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Term
| approximately how many degrees of abduction does the hip joint have |
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Definition
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Term
| approximately how many degrees of adduction does the hip have past anatomical position? |
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Definition
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Term
| At what plane does the hip perform medial and lateral rotation )or internal and external rotation) occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Approximately how many degrees of rotation are possible at the hip joint |
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Definition
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Term
| What four bones make up the pelvis or pelvic girdle |
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Definition
| two hip bones, the sacrum, and the coccyx |
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Term
| What is the superior portion of the hip bone |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the posterior inferior portion of the hip bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What forms the anterior inferior portion of the hip? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Symphsis Pubis |
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Definition
| A cartilaginous joint connecting the bodies of the two pubic bones at the anterior midline |
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Term
| What externally forms about 1/5th of the acetabulum and internally provides attachment for the obturator internus muscle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a deep, cup shaped cavity that articulates wiht the femur. It is made up of nearly equal portions of the ilium, ischium, and pubis |
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Term
| What is the longest, strongest, and heaviest bone in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Greater sciatic notch is located where? |
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Definition
Just below the PIIS that is actually made into a foramen by the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments
The sciatic nerve, piriformis muscle, and other structures pass through this opening |
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Term
| Where is the femur's lateral epicondyle located? |
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Definition
| projection proximal to the lateral condyle |
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Term
| Where is the adductor tubercle located |
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Definition
| Small projection proximal to the medial epicondyle to which a portion of the adductor magnus muscle attaches on the femur |
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Term
| What is the patellar surface |
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Definition
| Located between the medial and lateral condyle anteriorly. It articulates with the posterior surface of the patella. |
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Term
| What is strong and thick and covers the hip joint in a cylindrical fashion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 ligaments reinforce the fibrous joint capsule of the hip? |
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Definition
| Iliofemoral, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments |
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Term
| What does the Iliofemoral ligament do |
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Definition
| reinforces the capsule anterirly by attaching proximally to the anterior inferior iliac spine and crossing the joint anteriorly. Resembles an inverted Y and sometimes called the Y ligament |
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Term
| What does the pubofemoral ligament do |
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Definition
| spans the hip joint medially and inferiorly. It attaces from the medial part of the acetabular rim and superior ramus of the pubis, and runs down and back to attach on the neck of the femur. It limits hyperextension |
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Term
| What does the ischiofemoral ligament do |
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Definition
| Covers the capsule posteriorly. It attaches on teh ischial portion f the acetabulum, crosses the joint in a lateral and superior direction, and attache on the femoral neck. Limits hyperextension and medial rotation. |
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Term
| What is one thing the hip ligaments all have in common? |
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Definition
they all attach along the rim of the acetabulum and cross the hip joint in a spiral fashion to attach on the femoral neck.
This limits hyperextension while allowing full opposite motion of flexion |
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Term
| What is th iliotibial band or tract |
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Definition
| The IT band is a very long tendinous portion of the tensor fascia latae muscle. It attaches to teh anterior portion of the iliac crest and runs superficially down the lateral side of the thigh to attach to the tibia. Both the gluteus maximus and tensor fascia latae muscles have fibers attaching to it. |
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Term
| Congenital hip dislocation is also known as? And what happens when this occurs? |
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Definition
Dysplasia
Occurs when an unusually shallow acetabulum causes the femoral head to slide upward. Capsule remains intact tho stretched. |
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Term
| What is the angle of inclination |
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Definition
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Term
| Term used to describe when the neck-shaft angle greater than 125 degrees |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| degeneration of the rticular cartilage of the joint |
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Term
| can be caused by trauma or wear and tear- typically seen later in life |
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Definition
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Term
| How is osteoarthritis treated in the hip? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of hip fractures |
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Definition
| intertrochanteric and femoral neck |
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Term
| What is a hamstring strain? |
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Definition
| pulled hamstring, most common muscle problem in the body. Results from an overlaoad of the muscle or trying to move the muscle too fast. |
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Term
| What injury do bicyclers and runners typically have |
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Definition
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Term
| Seen commonly in sprinters an in sports that require bursts of speed or rapid acceleration (soccer, track and field, football, and rugby) |
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Definition
| hamstring strain or pulled hamstring |
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Term
| Name for a severe bruise caused by direct trauma to the iliac crest of the pelvis |
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Definition
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Term
| How many degrees of extension are possible in the knee joint |
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Definition
0
more than 5 of hyperextension is concidered genu recurvatum |
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Term
| How many degrees of flexion are possible in the knee |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the accesory movement that occurs with flexion and extension of the knee |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the patellofemoral joint |
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Definition
| articulation between the femur and patella |
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Term
| What is the main function of the patella |
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Definition
· Increase mechanical advantage of the quadriceps muscle
· To protect the knee joint |
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Term
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Definition
| , is the angle between the quadriceps muscle, primarily the rectus femoris, and the patellar tendon. |
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Term
| How is the Q angle determined |
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Definition
determined by drawing a line from the ASIS to the midpoint of the patella and from the tibial tuberosity to the midpoint of the patella. The angle formed by the intersecting of these lines represents the Q angle. |
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Term
| What is concidered a normal patellofemoral angle |
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Definition
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Term
| What bony land mark is a double pointed prominence on the proximal surface at about the midpoint, which extends up into the intercondylar fossa of the femur |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the medial condyle of the tibia |
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Definition
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Term
| what is located on the proximal lateral end |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the enlarged proximal end of the tibia, including the medial and lateral condles and the intercondylar eminence |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the tibial tuberosity |
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Definition
| Large projection at the proximal end on the anterior surface in the midline |
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Term
| What is the smaller bone of the leg |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of bone is the patella |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most posterior of the tarsal bones |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the four main ligaments of the knee |
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Definition
| Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL), Posterior Cruciate Ligamnt (PCL), Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL), and the Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL) |
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Term
| What are half moon shaped, wedge shaped fibrocartilage disks? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the two meniscus in the knee |
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Definition
| Medial menisci and lateral menisci |
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Term
| How many bursa are in the knee and what do they do? |
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Definition
| approximately 13 and reduce friction |
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Term
| Where are the important nerves and blood vessels located in the knee |
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Definition
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Term
| What muscles make up the pes anserine muscle group |
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Definition
| sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles |
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Term
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Definition
"knock knees"
an alignment of the LE where disstal segments are positioned more laterally than normal- the kneeds tend to touch while the ankles do not |
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Term
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Definition
Bowlegs
distal segmentsare positioned more medially than normal, the ankle tend to touch while the knees are apart |
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Term
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Definition
| knee hyperextension goes beyond 0-5 degrees |
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Term
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Definition
patellar tendonitis
tenderness at the patellar tendon as a result from overuse stress or sudden impact overloading associated with jumping (basketball players, high jumpers, hurdlers) |
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Term
| in general problems causing diffuse anterior knee pain is known as |
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Definition
| patellofemoral pai syndrome |
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Term
| What knee injury is caused by a single blow to the knee and involves tears to the ACL, MCL, and the medial meniscus |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bone is the true weight bearing bone of the leg |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enlarged distal medial surface |
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Term
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Definition
| - enlarged distal lateral surface |
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Term
| What are th bones of the foot |
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Definition
| Tarsals, Metatarsals, and phalanges |
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Term
| What is the big toe also known as |
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Definition
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Term
| How many tarsal bones are there? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| calcaneus, Talus, Navicular, Cuboid, and 3 Cuneiforms |
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Term
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Definition
| - largest and most posterior bone |
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Term
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Definition
| - sits on the calcaneus, second largest tarsal bone |
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Term
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Definition
- medial side, in front the talus |
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Term
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Definition
| - lateral side, distal to calcaneus |
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Term
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Definition
| - three in number, medial to lateral, in line with the metatarsals |
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Term
Numbered 1 to 5, starting medially; first and fifth are weight bearing bones usually |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - distal end of each bone |
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Term
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Definition
| - proximal end of each bone |
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Term
What consists of the Hindfoot |
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Definition
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Term
What consists of the Midfoot - |
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Definition
| navicular, cuboid, cuneiforms |
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Term
What consists of the Forefoot |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - distal tibia sitting on the talus |
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Term
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Definition
| inferior talus and superior calcaneus |
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Term
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Definition
- anterior talus/calcaneus and posterior navicular/cuboid
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Term
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Definition
pain on medial edge of tibia, distal half; inflammation of the periosteum |
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Term
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Definition
| - MTP hyperextended, PIP flexed, DIP extended |
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Term
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Definition
| - MTP hyperextended, PIP extended, DIP flexed |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| - forced hyperextension of great toe at MTP |
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Term
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Definition
most common injury among recreational and competitive athletes
Lateral ligament is the most frequently injured ligament in these groups
occurs when the foo is foot lands in a plantar flexed and inverted position |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a person trips over an unexpected obstacle or falls from a height an dusually involves a twisting component to the ankle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of gastrocnemius-soleus tendon; precursor to rupture |
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