Term
| In order for the hip to dislocate it requires a lot of __. |
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Definition
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Term
| This hip joint is most prone to this type of damage |
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Definition
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Term
| This term refers to the angulation of the femoral head |
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Definition
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Term
| When the femoral head faces forward, and there is a posterior position of the greater trochanter |
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Definition
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Term
| When the femoral head faces backward and there is an anterior position of the greater trochanter |
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Definition
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Term
| Increased angle of the femoral neck |
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Definition
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Term
| Decreased angle of the femoral neck |
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Definition
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Term
| The angulation of the femoral neck normally will ___ from birth to adulthood |
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior support of the hip capsule is by these 2 ligaments |
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Definition
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Term
| Posterior support of the hip capsule is by these 2 ligaments |
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Definition
| iliofemoral, ischiofemoral |
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Term
| Hip ligaments are ____ on extension and ___ on flexion |
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Definition
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Term
| Hip ligamentous laxity is becoming more likely from injuries of ___ |
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Definition
| microtrauma; repetitive hip external rotation |
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Term
| The iliofemoral ligament causes these 2 actions |
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Definition
| external rotation; adduction |
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Term
| The ischiofemoral ligament causes these 2 actions |
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Definition
| internal rotation; abduction |
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Term
| The pubofemoral ligament causes these 2 actions |
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Definition
| external rotation, abduction |
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Term
| The ligamentum teres attaches the ____ with the ____ |
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Definition
| fovea capitis of the femoral notch; acetabular notch |
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Term
| The ligamentum teres tightens during these movements |
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Definition
| adduction, flexion, external rotation |
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Term
| This lesion has become the 3rd most common lesion of athletes when view arthroscopically |
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Definition
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Term
| This structure deepens the acetabulum and acts as a seal to maintain the negative intra-articular pressure, protects the articular cartilage, and provides proprioceptive input. |
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Definition
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Term
| Labral damage will predispose a person to ___ and ____ |
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Definition
| degenerative changes; Osteoarthritis |
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Term
| Damage to the labrum is most often through ____ from ____ |
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Definition
| trauma; extreme external rotation |
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Term
| The articular cartilage of the hip is thicker ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Lesions of the anteriosuperior cartilage is generally via |
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Definition
| labrum tears, anterior capsular laxity, femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) |
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Term
| During standing the hips bear approximately ___ of the body weight |
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Definition
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Term
| When standing on one leg the percentage of body weight the hips carry increases |
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Definition
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Term
| During walking the percentage of body weight the hips will carry will increase |
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Definition
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Term
| Use of a cane will decrease the load of the hips by as much as ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior tilt of the hips is caused by |
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Definition
| contraction of the hip flexors |
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Term
| Posterior tilt of the hips is caused by |
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Definition
| contraction of lumbar spine extensors, hip extensors, or trunk flexors |
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Term
| Lateral tilt of the hips is caused by |
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Definition
| contraction of hip abductors |
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Term
| Excessive weakness or tightness of the hip muscles will cause |
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Definition
| abnormal mechanical function through the creation of a short/long leg. |
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Term
| These muscles control the flexion of the hip |
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Definition
| iliopsoas and rectus femoris; assistance provided by adductors, TFL, and sartorius (L2-L4) |
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Term
| Extension of the hip is controlled by the contraction of |
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Definition
gluteus maximus, ischial portion of the adductor magnus, and hamstrings (L5-S2)
(Gluteus medius and piriformis may assist) |
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Term
| Internal rotation and abduction of the hip muscles are controlled by |
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Definition
| contraction of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and TFL (L4-S1) |
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Term
| External rotation is accomplished by |
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Definition
piriformis, gemelus, and obturator muscles (L5-S2)
some postural dependent assistance from iliopsoas and gluteus maximus |
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Term
| Adduction is primarily accomplished by |
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Definition
| the adductor group and the gracilis muscle (L3-L5) |
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Term
| The strongest movements of the hip are |
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Definition
| extension, adduction, external rotation |
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Term
| With walking the unsupported pelvis is supported by the ____ |
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Definition
| contralateral hip abductors (primarily gluteus medius) |
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Term
| Pain localization to the ASIS will suggest |
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Definition
| sartorius strain or in younger patients apophysitis or avulsion |
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Term
| Pain localization to the AIIS will suggest |
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Definition
| rectus femoris strain or in younger patients apophysitis or avulsion |
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Term
| Pain localization to the Lateral iliac crest will suggest |
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Definition
| hip pointer (direct blow/fall); iliac crest apophysitis; oblique abdominal; tensor fascia lata; gluteus medius strain |
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Term
| Pain localization to the posterior iliac crest will suggest these 3 things |
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Definition
| Maigne's syndrome (T12); strain of the gluteus maximus or iliac fascia; or referral from the low back |
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Term
| Pain localization to the pubic bone will suggest |
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Definition
| osteitis pubis; adductor tendinitis |
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Term
| Pain localization to the inguinal area will suggest these 5 things |
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Definition
| hernia; abdominal strain; lymphadenopathy; iliopsoas bursitis; or tendinitis |
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Term
| Pain localization to the lateral hip will suggest |
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Definition
| trochanteric bursitis; TFL; or Gluteus Medius trigger points |
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Term
| Pain localization to the to the ischial tuberosity will suggest |
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Definition
| hamstring sprain, ischial bursitis, or avulsion injury |
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Term
| Generalized deep pain to the goin area will suggest |
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Definition
| synovitis, fracture, OA, Paget's Disease |
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Term
| Pain is nonspecific however ____ suggest a bursa or tendon source |
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Definition
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Term
| A non-painful limp that is of concern for parents will suggest |
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Definition
| undetected hip dysplasia or a congenital hip dislocation |
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Term
| An insidious onset of hip pain in an adolescent should raise the suspicion of these two thing |
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Definition
| slipped femoral capital epiphysis or avascular necrosis (Perthes Disease) |
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Term
| If a patient has developed with perceptible muscle weakness first in the proximal muscle around the hip and pelvis with no associated complaints of pain or sensory aberrations they are likely to have |
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Definition
| muscle pathology; muscular dystrophy |
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Term
| If an older patient has a less discernible restriction after moving around for a half hour or longer they are likely to have |
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior snapping with hip abduction or external rotation suggests |
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Definition
| the psoas snapping over the lesser trochanter or the iliopectineal eminence |
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Term
| Lateral snapping with hip adduction coupled with flexion or extension suggest |
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Definition
| the iliotibial band is snapping over the greater trochanter |
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Term
| Posterior snapping with flexion or extension suggests |
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Definition
| the biceps femoris tendon is snapping over the ischial tuberosity |
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Term
| When may a patient experience Pubic bone snapping? |
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Definition
| during pregnancy or following a spread eagle injury |
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Term
| If a patient complains of numbness or paresthesia into the thigh, localization to the lateral thigh will suggest |
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Definition
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Term
| To test a patient for an intra articular lesion it is more specific to use the ____ test rather than _____ |
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Definition
| Leguerre's Test; Patrick's or Faber's |
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Term
| To test for a Femoral Acetabular Impingement (FAI) the position involves these movements |
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Definition
| passive hip flexion, internal rotation, and adduction |
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Term
| The intention of an Femoral Acetabular Impingment test is to _____ the anterior superior labrum and the acetabular rim |
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Definition
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Term
| This test is addressed clinically by using long axis traction (30 degrees flexion, 30 degrees abduction, and 10-15 degrees external rotation) |
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Definition
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Term
| When the instability test is preformed it is positive when the patient feels ___ or a sense of ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| A positive thomas test or a modified thomas test would indicate |
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Definition
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Term
| If the abductors are shortened due to contracture this will create a ___ |
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Definition
| functional long leg with ipsilateral pelvis drop |
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Term
| If the adductors are shortened this will create a ____ |
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Definition
| functional shortened leg with ipsilateral pelvic raise |
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Term
| Anteversion and Retroversion is measured by ___ test |
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Definition
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Term
| The average angle of anteversion for the adult is between ___ and ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Excessive anteversion leads to ___ of the femur with potential ___force to the knee |
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Definition
| internal rotation; valgus |
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Term
| True or anatomic leg length is measured by |
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Definition
| the ASIS to the medial malleolus |
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Term
| Apparent or functional leg length is measured by |
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Definition
| the umbilicus to the medial malleolus |
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Term
| If there is a difference in the true leg length then a ___ is present |
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Definition
| anatomic short leg (previous fracture or trauma) |
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Term
| If there is a difference in the apparent leg length there is involvement of ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Leg length discrepancy greater than 0.5 mm have been shown to predispose patients to conditions such as |
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Definition
| subtrochanteric bursitis or SI dysfunction |
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Term
| Superior acetabular space narrowing with osteophyte formation at the head/neck junction; subchondral sclerosis are the radiographic findings of ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Early phase changes uniform, symmetric loss of joint space (periarticular osteoperosis) are Radiographic findings of ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Subchondral cyst formation and destruction of the femoral head or acetabular roof, protrusio acetabuli are radiographic findings of ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Protrusion of the femoral head axially through the acetabulum into the pelvis is known as ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Thickening of the bone with more apparent trabeculae (cross hatching) with eventual distortion of the femoral neck or shaft shape are Radiographic findings of ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Legg Calve Perthes Disease is generally seen in ages |
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Definition
|
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Term
| fissuring, flattening, and sclerosis of the epiphysis with a secondary phase of remodeling leading to the classic mushroom deformity; (varus deformity usually results) on radiographic findings is a result of ____ |
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Definition
| Legg Calve Perthes Disease |
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Term
| Radiographically this is a Salter Harris Type 1 injury characterized by posterior inferior displacement of the epiphysis best seen on a lateral view |
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Definition
| Slipped capital epiphysis |
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Term
| A slipped capital epiphysis is seen in ages |
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Definition
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Term
| Radiographically the center wedge angle of Wiberg is measured for ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Anterior asphericity of the femoral head, lack of femoral head offset, and retroversion of the acetabulum is seen with ___ |
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Definition
| Femoral Acetabular Impingement |
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Term
| Femoral neck fractures are _____ and are more serious and are twice as common |
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Definition
| intracapsular (subcapital and transcervical) |
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Term
| Trauma to this region will generally show a contusion |
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Definition
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Term
| Classic presentation: Elderly patient presents with hip pain, unable to bear weight, and a history of fall onto the hip |
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Definition
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Term
| Classic presentation: Patient is young and active often participating in activities such as long distance running, gymnastics. Pain is insidious and is worse with weight bearing. Pain is often anterior and deep. |
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Definition
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Term
| Classic presentation: Patient is a child and is usually diagnosed on physical exam of the neonate; if undetected the child would upon weight bearing have a limp and diminished active abduction |
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Definition
| Congenital Hip Dislocation and Hip Dysplasia |
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Term
| Classic presentation: An acute injury with a major force applied to a flexed, adducted hip. After the injury the hip is held in flexion, adduction, and internal rotation. Pain is severe. |
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Definition
Posterior Hip dislocation (90% of sports related hip dislocations)
*pain down the back of the leg indicates sciatic nerve damage* |
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Term
| Classic presentation: Patient reports a force/blow to an extended, externally rotated leg. Immediately after injury the leg is held in flexion, abduction, and internal rotation |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Classic presentation: Overweight child or a young rapidly growing adolescent (8-17 yrs) may present with a traumatic history (50% of the time). May only indicate knee pain |
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Definition
| Slipped capital epiphysis (adolescent coxa vara) |
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Term
| Classic presentation: Patient is usually a male(4:1) between ages of 4-9 presenting with a complaint of mild hip pain and associated limp of insidious onset. |
|
Definition
Avascular necrosis (Legg Calve Perthes disease)
Bilateral: 10%
Trauma history: 17%
Knee pain only: 15% |
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Term
| Classic presentation: Patient presents with sharp, deep hip pain with squatting. Running, stopping and starting or changing direction causes pain. Pain felt anteriorly |
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Definition
| Femoroacetabular impingement |
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|
Term
| Classic presentation: Patient presents with moderate to severe pain with groin pain predominate. Patient has night pain, the pain is worse with activity that causes limp. Clicking and occasional giving away of the hip occurs. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Classic presentation: Patient presents with well localized lateral hip pain usually with a minor degree of a limp. Patient is between 40-60 years of age and unable to sleep on involved side. Tenderness and swelling is felt over the greater trochanter |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Classic presentation: Patient presents with a severe, acute, anterior hip pain with antalgic gait. He/She may also report pain radiating down the anterior aspect of the leg. Patient has assumed the position of flexion and external rotation of the hip to relieve pain. |
|
Definition
| Iliopectineal or Iliopsoas bursitis |
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|
Term
| Classic presentation: Patient often reports sitting for long periods of time on hard surfaces or during horseback riding. Pain referral may be down the back of the leg. Pain is relieved when pressing down the foot. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Classic presentation: Patient is a child that is less than 10 years of age and complains of acute or gradual onset of pain in the inguinal area with difficulty bearing weight. Hip is held in external rotation, abduction, and flexion. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Classic presentation: Patient is aged 50 or greater and complains of deep bone pain. Insidious onset of pain that is not relieved by rest and is worse at night. May have a previous cancer diagnosis |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Classic presentation: Patient is asymptomatic. Patient notices an increase in hat size or develop an insidious onset of low back and/or hip pain if symptomatic. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Classic presentation: Patient reports a sudden, forced adduction injury or a repetitive minor trauma seen with kicking or running. Pregnant women may be prone to irritation. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Classic presentation: Patient is an athlete or "weekend warrior" who feels a sudden pull or pop at the back of the thigh following a forceful knee extension |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Classic presentation: Patient is usually an athlete who is involved with kicking, sprinting, water skiing, or jumping. He or she reports a sudden pulling sensation in the groin that is incapacitating |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Classic presentation: Patient reports feeling a sudden pulling pain in the anterior thigh after attempting to sprint, missing a kick, or suddenly stopping . Actively extending knee causes pain. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Classic presentation: Patient reports a direct blow to the knee followed by swelling and decreased ability to flex the knee. Most common area is the quadriceps. Swelling and discoloration is evident. Active and passive knee flexion is limited |
|
Definition
| Myositis Ossificans or Contusion |
|
|
Term
| Classic presentation: Patient complains of numbness or tingling in the lateral thigh |
|
Definition
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|
