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Hinduism
Test 3 Vocab
160
Religious Studies
Undergraduate 2
04/24/2012

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Cards

Term
1. Advaita
Definition
Not two/ radical non-dualism
Term
3. ahan-kara
Definition
Interior component of reality (tattva) known as the I-maker, or ego.
Term
4. ahimsa
Definition
The value of non-harming.
Term
6. arati
Definition
Worship of a deity, particularly the flame offering, mostly in temples.
Term
8. Ārya-Samāj
Definition
An organization founded Dayānanda Sarasvati. It emphasized the Vedas as the basis of religious doctrine.
Term
10. aśvamedha
Definition
A Vedic ritual known as the horse sacrifice and described in the Yajurveda.
Term
14. Bhagwan-Rajneesh/Osho
Definition
(1930-1990 CE) A controversial guru, also known as Bhagwan Shree Rajneesh.
Term
16. bīja-mantra
Definition
Seeds; often refers to one’s actions with regards to karma. Seed syllable.
A Bija mantra is seed (bija) mantra (sacred utterance). It is typically a short utterance, which may encapsulate the vibratory essence of a deity. In class, I provided the example of the bija-mantra, Dum, which stands for the goddess Durga. The bija-mantra may be found at the centre of a yantra of the deity that it represents. So Dum might be inscribed at the centre of the Durga Yantra
Term
20. Brāhmo-Samāj
Definition
Society of the Absolute; founded by Ram Mohan Roy.
Term
23. cakra
Definition
A discus; energy centers or vortices.
Term
24. cit
Definition
Consciousness.
Term
25. darśana
Definition
Viewpoint; perspective; philosophical school; audience with a deity.
Term
26. Dayanand-Sarasvati
Definition
Dayānanda Sarasvati (1824–1883) rejected the Hinduism of the Purāṇas and Tantras, deeming them to be the compositions of self-serving men. He rejected polytheism, image worship, and the concept of the avatāras, but upheld the Vedas as the basis of all truth. In 1875, Dayānanda founded the Ārya Samāj (Society of Noble Ones)
Term
30. dīkṣā
Definition
Initiation rites.
Term
34. Dvaita
Definition
Dualism/ Dualistic philosophy propounding that God, and matter, are both separate and real.
Term
35. dvija
Definition
The Twice-born; a particular varṇa status.
Term
37. garbha-gṛha
Definition
Inner sanctum of a Hindu temple.
Term
38. gṛhastha
Definition
The householder stage in life
Term
39. gopura(m)
Definition
Impressive gateways characteristic of the Southern style of temple.
Term
42. Hanumān
Definition
Monkey god and hero who aids Rāma in the Rāmāyaṇa.
Term
44. īḍā
Definition
One of the three most important energy channels (nāḍī).
Term
46. Īśvara
Definition
Lord; the lord of Yoga.
Term
47. jāti
Definition
Birth group; subdivision within Hindu society; often referred to as a caste.
Term
48. Jiddu-Krishnamurti
Definition
(1895-1986) Former Theosophist, promoted as the World-Teacher; he later abandoned this role, teaching that Truth should be discovered by oneself.
Term
49. jñāna
Definition
The highest knowledge; omniscience.
Term
54. kṣatriya
Definition
Warrior class; one of the upper three classes of the varṇa system.
Term
55. kuṇḍalinī
Definition
The path of awakening of latent cosmic energies within the body.
Term
57. Laws of Manu
Definition
Influential Dharma Śāstra text.
Term
62. Madhva
Definition
Madhva (1238–1317) was born near Udipi, in the region of the South Indian state of Karnataka. He was a prolific writer, producing many commentaries on the classic Vedānta foundational texts, and on the Bhāgavata Purāṇa and the Mahābhārata. Madhva’s philosophy is known as Dvaita or dualism. Actually it postulates the existence of three types of entities: Brahman (Īśvara), souls (jīvātman), and matter (prakṛti).
Term
64. Maharishi-Mahesh-Yogi
Definition
Transcendental Meditation
Term
65. maithuna
Definition
Sexual union; coitus images
Term
66. māṃsa
Definition
Flesh.
Term
70. matsya
Definition
Fish.
Term
73. mok.sa
Definition
Liberation from the cycle of birth, death, and rebirth.
Term
74. mudrā
Definition
Parched grain, or female sexual partner.
Term
75. murti
Definition
A deity that is embodied in a material form.
Term
77. Nirguṇa Brahman
Definition
Beyond or without attributes.
Term
78. pañcatattva
Definition
Pancatattva refers to the five (panca) elements (tattva) ritual that characterize Left hand Tantra (if explicitly/actually participated in -- rather than simply symbolically). It is also known as the pancamakara, or 5-Ms, because the 5 items in the panca-tattva begin with the Sanskrit letter M.
They are:
Mamsa: meat
Matsya: fish
Madya/Mada: liquor
Mudra: parched grain or female consort (the term also means symbolic gesture)
Maithuna: sexual intercourse
Term
81. piṅgala
Definition
One of the body’s three central energy channels (nāḍī).
Term
82. Prakṛti
Definition
Nature or materiality.
Term
83. prapatti
Definition
Surrender.
Term
84. prasāda
Definition
Rendered immaculate or blessed.
Term
85. pūjā
Definition
Hindu devotional worship.
Term
88. Rabindranath-Tagore
Definition
(1861-1941) Bengali poet and Nobel laureate; son of Debendranath Tagore, leader of the Brāhmo Samāj;.
Term
91. Ram-Mohan-Roy
Definition
(1772 to 1833 CE) Founder of the Brāhmo Samāj, a reform movement in India; fostered the abolishment of satī.
Term
93. Ramaṇa-Mahāṛṣi
Definition
A South Indian mystic and proponent of Advaita Vedānta who taught the practice of self-inquiry (ātma-vicāra).
Term
94. Rāmānuja
Definition
(11th to 12th centuries CE) A Vedānta philosopher associated with Qualified Non-Dualism.
Term
96. Rāvaṇa
Definition
The ten-headed demon in the Hindu epic the Rāmāyaṇa.
Term
99. Saguṇa Brahman
Definition
Possessing qualities. (Brahman that can be characterized).
Term
100. sahasrāra
Definition
Thousand-fold; the seventh interior energy vortex (cakra) located approximately at the crown of the head.
Term
107. sat
Definition
Being; existence.
Term
109. sattva
Definition
Purity; luminosity; a fundamental quality of Nature (guṇa).
Term
110. Satya-Sai-Baba
Definition
Satya Sai Baba (1926–) was born in the State of Andhra Pradesh and claims to be the incarnation of the saint Sai Baba of Shirdi (c. 1838–1918), in Maharashtra, whose name he adopted. Sai Baba of Shirdi was a somewhat mysterious figure, believed to have been a miracle worker. He exemplifies the classic image of the fakir, an itinerant holy man, whose ascetic practices and reputed powers are consonant with the values of both Islamic Sufism and the Hindu śramaṇa tradition.
Term
111. satyagraha
Definition
Holding fast to truth, a term coined by Gandhi.
Term
112. siddhi
Definition
Supernormal powers.
Term
113. śikhara
Definition
A temple spire characteristic of the Northern style of temple.
Term
114. Sītā
Definition
The heroine of the Hindu epic the Rāmāyaṇa.
Term
116. śiṣya
Definition
A disciple; first of the prescribed stages in life.
Term
117. smṛti
Definition
Traditional; literature thought to have been composed by human beings and passed down as tradition through the generations; contrasts with śruti.
Term
119. Śrī
Definition
Term
120. Sri-Aurobindo
Definition
Creator of Integral Yoga.
Term
121. Śrī-Chaitanya
Definition
(1486 to 1533 CE) Bengali bhakti saint who worshipped God in the form of Rādhā-Kṛṣṇa.
Term
122. Śrī-Ramakrishna
Definition
(1836-1886 CE) A Bengali temple priest/saint who taught Advaita Vedānta and worshipped the goddess Kālī.
Term
123. Śrī-Vaiṣṇava
Definition
A South Indian theistic sect of worshippers of Viṣṇu and the goddess Śrī or Lakṣmī.
Term
124. śruti
Definition
Texts that were considered to be divinely perceived or revealed to the ṛṣis.
Term
126. suṣumnā
Definition
The central vital energy pathway (nāḍī ) of the subtle body.
Term
127. svatantra
Definition
Independent.
Term
128. Swami-Bhaktivedanta
Definition
(1896-1977 CE) A Vaiṣṇava renouncer; founder of ISKCON (The International Society for Kṛṣṇa Consciousness).
Term
129. Swami-Vivekananda
Definition
(1863-1902 CE) Disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and propagator of Vedānta worldwide.
Term
130. tamas
Definition
Dark; heavy; opaque; a fundamental quality of Nature (guṇa).
Term
131. Tantras
Definition
Schema; method; also known as Āgama; ritual texts; unorthodox, esoteric Hindu beliefs and practices grounded in ritual practice.
Term
132. tapas
Definition
A purifying inner heat; identified with ascetic practice.
Term
133. Theosophical-Society
Definition
The Theosophical Society was formed by Madame
Helena Petrovna Blavatsky and Colonel Henry Steele Olcott in 1875 in New York City, but shifted its headquarters to Adyar, on the outskirts of Chennai (Madras) in 1882. Madame Blavatsky was a Russian, whose religious influences were wide-ranging, including neo-Platonic thought, Tibetan Buddhism, and western occultism. Colonel Olcott, a retired soldier who fought in the Civil War, was the first European American to convert to Buddhism. After initial involvements with the spiritualist movement in the United States, Blavatsky and Olcott moved to India and took up the cause of promoting Eastern religious values with a passion. Olcott was highly influential in the Buddhist revival in Sri Lanka. Theosophy (Wisdom of God) holds as its motto, “There is no religion higher than truth” and culls its teachings from all religious traditions, stripped of what are discerned as their superstitious accretions. It therefore encourages the study of comparative
religion, philosophy, and science, without discrimination based on race, gender, caste, or creed,
Term
135. vaiśya
Definition
The Merchant class; one of the upper three classes of the varṇa system.
Term
136. vanaprastha
Definition
The forest-dweller stage of life prescribed by orthodoxy.
Term
137. varna
Definition
Color; class; the four divisions of Hindu society.
Hindu class system, which confers a privileged status to the upper three classes of Priests (Brahmins, brāhmaṇa), Warriors (kṣatriya), and Merchants (vaiśya), over the lower Servant (śūdra) class.
Term
139. Vedānta-Sītras
Definition
Often refers to the Upaniṣads and the interpretation of their teachings since they form the end or concluding sections (anta) of revealed Vedic literature.
Term
141. vijayā
Definition
Vijaya means "victory," and is a word sometimes used to signify the Goddess. It is a feminine noun, and may refer to a cannabis-drink sometimes used by Left-hand Tantrics before they engage in the 5 M ritual.
Term
142. Viśiṣṭādvaita
Definition
The theistic philosophy of qualified non-dualism.
Term
145. vrata
Definition
Vowed ascetic observances.
Term
148. Yoga
Definition
Hindu religio-philosophical system, whose name means "union," and which entails psycho-physical practices that can lead to liberation
Term
103. saṃsāra
Definition
This term means "to wander," and refers to the repeated cycles of rebirths in various worlds that beings must go through until they achieve moksa
Term
108. Satī/Pārvatī
Definition
Goddess and wife of Siva who perished in the context of her father's sacrificial celebration
Term
115. Śiva
Definition
The linga is the most common temple image (murti) of this deity
Term
33. Durgā
Definition
This particular name for the Mahadevi means "She who is Formidable"
Term
146. yajña
Definition
Unlike puja, this form of ritual worship, with offerings into a fire, works on a contractual relationship with deities, rather than a devotional one
Term
17. Brahmā
Definition
Four-headed Puranic deity, often identified with the Vedic Prajapati, and with the principle of creation:
Term
96. Rāvaṇa
Definition
Demon ruler of Lanka
Term
72. Mohandas-Gandhi
Definition
Hindu political activist whose non-violent approach to conflict resolution was influenced by his interpretation of karma yoga
Term
80. Patañjali
Definition
Author of the oldest extant treatise on Yoga
Term
68. manas
Definition
Term in Sankhya philosophy, which translates as "heart-mind" and which includes the inner sense organ
Term
87. Puruṣa
Definition
"Pure consciousness" or the "true self" in Sankhya philosophy
Term
15. bhakti
Definition
Hindu philosophical school that is categorized as a proto-science and which deals with rudimentary theorizing on the nature of particles such as atoms (anu
Term
85. pūjā
Definition
Hindus use this term to refer to the "standard ritual procedures of devotional worship" in both home shrines and at temple
Term
139. Vedānta-Sītras
Definition
Vedanta Sutras (which incidentally is just another name for the Brahma Sutras).
They were composed by Badarayana, present the essential teachings of the Upanisads, and are one of the three sets of texts that are interpreted by Vedanta philosophers. The other two are the Upanisads (in general), and the Bhagavad Gita
Term
2. Agni
Definition
Term
5. ānanda
Definition
Term
7. Arjuna
Definition
Term
9. Āryans
Definition
Term
11. Ātman
Definition
Term
12. avatāra
Definition
Term
13. Bhagavad Gītā
Definition
Term
18. brahmacārya
Definition
Term
21. buddhi
Definition
Term
22. caṇḍala
Definition
Term
27. deva/devī
Definition
Term
28. dharma
Definition
Term
29. Dharma-Śāstras
Definition
Term
31. Draupadī
Definition
Term
32. Dravidians
Definition
Term
35. dvija
Definition
Term
36. Gaṇeśa
Definition
Term
40. guṇa
Definition
Term
41. guru
Definition
Term
43. Holi
Definition
Term
45. Indra
Definition
Term
50. Kṛṣṇa
Definition
Term
51. Kālī
Definition
Term
52. kāma
Definition
Term
53. karma
Definition
Term
56. Lakṣmī
Definition
Term
58. liṅga(m)
Definition
Term
59. maṇḍala
Definition
Term
60. madya
Definition
Term
62. Madhva
Definition
Term
63. Mahābhārata
Definition
Term
69. mantra
Definition
Term
71. māyā
Definition
Term
76. nādī
Definition
Term
84. prasāda
Definition
Term
86. Purāṇas
Definition
Term
89. Radhā
Definition
Term
90. rajas
Definition
Term
92. Rāma
Definition
Term
95. Rāmāyaṇa
Definition
Term
97. Ṛg-Veda
Definition
Term
101. Sāṅkhya
Definition
Term
102. Śakti
Definition
Term
103. samādhi
Definition
Term
104. Śaṅkara
Definition
Term
105. saṃnyāsin
Definition
Term
106. Sarasvatī
Definition
Term
111. satyagraha
Definition
Term
112. siddhi
Definition
Term
113. śikhara
Definition
Term
118. Soma
Definition
Term
124. śruti
Definition
Term
125. śūdra
Definition
Term
126. suṣumnā
Definition
Term
127. svatantra
Definition
Term
134, Upaniṣads
Definition
Term
136. vanaprastha
Definition
Term
137. varna
Definition
Term
138. Vedānta
Definition
Term
140. Vedas
Definition
Term
143. Viṣṇu
Definition
Term
144. viveka
Definition
Term
147. yantra
Definition
Term
149. Yoga-sūtra
Definition
Term
150. yoni
Definition
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