מפולש משער לשער nowadays:

 R’ Shlomo David Kahana- once a city reaches a certain size, you can’t attain the status of mefulash even if it is contiguous from one side to another.

a.     Deoraysa- two issurim: 1, carrying from RHY to RHR or vice versa, and 2, carrying 4 amot within a RHR

b.     Derabanan- included an issur of carrying to or from a Carmelis

1.      Needed to create a RHY-

a.     Area- Space whose area is 4x4 tfachim

b.     Mechitzot- Surrounded by at least 3 walls at least 10 tfachim high

                                                 i.      Rambam- suggests at one point that 4 full walls are needed

1.     Kesef Mishna- says the Rambam's 4 full wall requirement is limited to a case where a RHY is contiguous to a carmalis.  And, it is only derabanan.  [reason- nifratz l’makom ha’asur lo requires full enclosure miderabanan]

                                               ii.      A Tel can also be considered a RHY on top even though it doesn’t have mechitzot bc gud asik makes the slope of the tel “continue” and creates mechitzot.

                                            iii.      A ditch or canal can work to create mechitzot as well bc we treat water as air space.

                                              iv.      A hill can create a mechitza but only if the angle is greater than 24° bc it would take 4 amos to reach 10 tfachim high.

1.      Requirement of 4x4 Tfachim in defining RHY

a.     Rama- brings opinion requiring in addition to the length of the walls, a hypotenuse in the square of 5.6 tfachim. [mishna brura rejects it]

1.      Airspace of the walls counting towards the 4x4 area

a.     MB- if the walls are still strong enough to hold stuff on top then they can count.

1.      Different mechitzot in one RHY-

a.     Chacham Tzvi- thought you could mix and match diff types of walls in one RHY.  

1.      Can 2+ walls create a RHY?

a.     MB- thinks that lechi mishum mechitza – so 2 normal walls plus 1 lechi would create a RHY deoraysa.

b.     Only 2 walls can work- if the angle of the two walls is less than 90°, then we assume that all it is two walls of what is meant to be a three walled structure.  A RHY is allowed to have 1 wall missing so in this case, only 2 walls would create a RHY deoraysa.

1.      Unique dinim of RHY-

a.     עולה עד לרקיע- RHY airspace is oleh, while a RHR only extends 10 tfachim and then the airspace becomes a makom ptur.

b.     ביטול רשות- RHY subsumes everything in it – a carmalis or makom ptur cannot exist within a RHY

c.      כלי- a kli can be considered a RHY (but not any other reshus) as long as it has the dimensions of 4x4x10

                                                 i.      Shaar Ha’Tzion- in a RHR a kli with the proper dimensions can be a makom ptur.

d.     חורי רשות היחיד- holes facing RHY like a window ledge adopt the status of a RHY.

                                                 i.      MB- discusses possibility of size reqirments for the hole:

1.     Area- would the hole need to be 4x4 in order to be considered a RHY – brings a yesh omrim of asur and of mutar.  NM would be a keyhole whether you would be able to insert a key through the door – if there is a minimum size requirement then it’s not a RHY and you don’t have a hotza’a issue, but if there is no requirement, it would be hotza’a. 

a.     Shmiras Shabbas K’hilchisa (SSK)-our keyholes don’t go all the way through the door so it’s not a problem.

b.     Betzel Chochma- not a problem bc there’s no issur to place something half in a carmalis and half in a RHY

2.     Height- says that for the chur to be a RHY it needs to be 10 tfachim off the ground.

1.      What can qualify as a חור רה"י?

a.     Porch- if it’s open to the street (carmalis) the fact that it’s also open to the house WOULD NOT make it a RHY

b.     Deck- since it’s only open to the house in the backyard, it would be.

1.      Needed to Create a RHR

a.     Ownership- must be owned by the public

b.     Roof- cannot have a roof

c.      Width- must be 16 amos wide (including the sidewalk)

d.     Continuous- must be מפולש משער לשער

e.     Accessibility- must be accessible 24/7 and not have locked gates/doors.

f.       Population- Rashi/Tos/YeshOmrim in SA- must have 600,000 people pass through daily.

1.      Can Temporary Roofs change the status of RHR?

a.     Sfas Emes- yes. Temp. roofs he’s meikel. 

1.      What is Yerushalayim’s Status? 

a.     Meiri- brings machlokes whether Jerusalem was RHY ONLY at nights bc the gates were locked OR even during the day

1.      ראוי לנעול-Does having ability to lock w/o locking do anything?

a.     Rambam- ראוי would work to make it NOT RHR

b.     Meiri- ראוי would only help on derabanan level.  Mideoraysa, the doors would have to actually be closed to be considered RHY.

1.      Condition of rashi/tos/SA requiring 600,000

a.     Mishkenos Yakov/Taz- claim that the majority of the Rishonim argue on this tnai.

                                                 i.      Cited by MB and AHS which makes it mainstream

b.     Beis Ephraim- argues with MY that Rashi/Tos’s opinion is really the majority opinion in the Rishonim.

1.      How to define the tnai of 600,000- diff possible ways to understand it:

a.     Usage- 600k people who use the street daily

b.     Population size- open to a population of 600k

c.      Thoroughfare- 600k pass through over a certain amount of time

d.     R’ Moshe- thought it meant “in the city” and defined that term as having 2.5 million people in the whole city bc only 1/5 of the city’s population (i.e. 600k) are on the street at any given time.  He defined this requirement as having to be within a radius of 12 מיל.  If there are natural boundaries of the city though, it could limit that distance further.

a.     Rama- says there are NO RHR deoraysas today

b.     Aruch Hashulchan- explains there are no RHRs today bc it would need to be the MAIN thoroughfare of the city and we don’t have those today.

a.     Chazon Ish- has a kula that buildings can along 2 sides of a street and a dead-end OR EVEN a turn in the street would provide the 3^rd mechitza – making it a RHY deoraysa.

1.      Can a row of buildings count as a mechitza?

a.     Chazon Ish- hanal – says that a row of buildings can be a mechitza.  There’s no problem of pirtza >10 bc that is only a p’sul mederabanan.  Mideoraysa the fact that there’s a gap doesn’t make it a RHR.  We would still require a tzuras hapesach (THP) to solve the derabanan issue.

                                                 i.      MY and RMF argue w/ Chazon Ish for diff reasons:

1.     Mishkenos Yakov- pirtza>10 is a p’sul deoraysa, so rows of buildings as mechitzos would have other problems besides OMAHP so he doesn’t allow it.

2.     R’ Moshe- disagreed with חזו"א and thought that buildings CANNOT be used as mechitzos bc the buildings were constructed as mechitzos for what is inside, so we cannot use them as mechitzos to surround what is outside.  [Chazon Ish doesn’t think this is a problem]

1.      How to define the t’nai of מפולש משער לשער:

a.     Mishkenos Yakov- the SA holds that the t’nai of mefulash is only required for a walled city.  Our non walled cities wouldn’t need mefulash to be a RHR deoraysa (big chumra – turns a lot of areas into RHR deoraysa)

b.     R’ Moshe- unique understanding of mefulash- the street can’t every lose its status as RHR; if at any point it does, the tnai is not met and it can’t be a RHR deoraysa.  (this pshat essentially does away with mefulash as a t’nai for RHR)

1.      Are intercity highways and streets considered RHR?

a.     Magen Avraham/Orchos Chayim- דרכים העוברים מעיר לעיר are considered RHR deoraysa even without the 6 t’naim of מפולש, accessible, or 600k.

b.     Rav Schechter- extends the OC/MA opinion that the no-roof and 16 amos width t’naim would also not be needed.

c.      R’ Willig- meikil on intercity highways.  He thinks they would need all 6 t’naim (based on Rama’s statement that there’s no RHR deoraysa nowadays).

1.      What’s the Deal with the FDR?

a.     R’ Schechter- considers the FDR an intercity highway (i.e. RHR deoraysa) bc it doesn’t blend in w/ the city (no storefronts etc.)

1.      Needed to create a Carmalis- [rabbinic reshus that has kulot of RHR and kulot of RHY]

a.     Area- must be at least 4x4 tfachim

b.     Off the ground- it must be at least 3 tfachim off the ground (less than that would be considered on the ground bc of lavud)

c.      Height- must be less than 9 tfachim tall.  9 tfachim would be a real RHR bc רבים מכתפין עליו. 

d.     Lack of usage- basically a RHR area that doesn’t get walked through/on (including oceans and valleys).  [even those opinions who reject the need for 600k traffic still think you need some activity to be a RHR]

1.      Other kinds of Carmaluyos:

a.     Area surrounded by only three walls (medoeraysa it’s a RHY(

b.     קרפף יותר מבית סאתים שאינו מוקף לדירה

c.      רה"י מקורה

d.     Any area that doesn’t reach the required size for a RHR or RHY deoraysa

e.     MB- a river is a Carmalis bc there are only 2 walls on the sides.

1.      Parameters of the height shiur of <9 tfachim for a Carmalis-

a.     Ra’avad- 9 would be a RHR deoraysa only if people actually used the area for packages.

b.     Rambam- the shiur of 9 is the point that it becomes ראוי לכתף.  

1.      Needed to define a Makom Ptur-

a.     The height is greater than 3 and less than 9 tfachim but has an area LESS than 4x4

b.     The height is greater than 10 but the area is less than 4x4

                                                 i.      MB- 4x4 mamash.  If something has an area of 16 but is not at least 4 in both length and width it would be a MP (like a fire hydrant or top of a parking meter)

1.      Summary of defining the 4 reshuyos:

a.     When something is un-walled it needs to be evaluated based on its height:

                                                 i.      Less than 3 tfachim high à bc of lavud is considered on the ground no matter how large or small the area and is therefore a RHR

                                               ii.      3 to 8.9 tfachim à if it’s 4x4 it’s a Carmalis.  If it’s LESS than 4x4 it’s a makom ptur.

                                            iii.      Exactly 9 tfachimà if רבים מכתפין עליו then it’s a RHR.  If NOT, it’s a machlokes whether it must just be rauy for רבים מכתפין to make it a RHR or ACTUALLY רבים מכתפין.

                                              iv.      10 tfachim or higherà if the area is 4x4 it’s a RHY.  If the area is LESS than 4x4 it’s a makom ptur.

1.        Is a public park considered a karpeif?

a.     Chacham Tzvi- cites the dvar shmuel that public parks are for the sake of the city and therefore not a karpeif.

b.     Meiri- says the same thing about trees.

                                                 i.      MB- doesn’t accept the kula of CT or Meiri and would consider a park with the proper shiurim a karpeif.

1.        Can I carry from inside to outside a Karpeif?

a.     SA- allows carrying from Karpeif to Carmalis bc he’s worried that were it asur, people would think that a Karpeif is either a bona fide RHY or RHR and then think that you can carry from a within a Karpeif to a real RHY or RHR.   

1.        Would a Karpeif within an Eruv ruin it?

a.     Dvar Shmuel- a karpeif would be batel to the populated area within the eruv therefore making the walls around the entire area l’dira.

b.     Chazon Ish- suggested walling off a Karpeif within an Eruv to separate it from the rest of the city.

1.        Problem of נפרץ למקום האסור לו- highways?

a.     Issur- issur derabanan to carry within a RHY that leads contiguously into a reshus where carrying is asur.

b.     Highways- it would be a problem for a RHY that is adjoined to highways.  We would need a THP at every point of contact.

                                                 i.      R’ Moshe- was meikil on this issue and allowed non recognizable mechitzos such as the walls of the sea to extend up to the bridge through gud asik.

1.        Dinei Mechitzos- can a continental shelf be used as mechitzos?:

a.     Tos (explained by Chazon Ish)- continental shelf could not be used as a mechitza for 3 reasons: 1) the walls are natural, 2)the area they enclose is greater than beit sa’atayim, 3) the walls don’t impede traffic. 

b.     Ramban (cited by MB)- if one wants to use NATURAL WALLS, they have to be visible.  Walls that can’t be seen from anywhere in the enclosed area cannot be used.

1.        How great an area can mechitzos surround and still create a RHY?

a.     Aruch HaShulchan- the walls must be within 16 mil (seemingly of one another).  Learns this shiur from dinei bechoros – that’s how far a shepherd can be from his flock.

b.     R’ Moshe- thought the AHS meant 16 mil from the center which would create a circled area with a diameter of 32 as the maximum size for mechitzos.

Problem with Mechitzos of Ati Rabim U'Mevatli Mechitzta

a.     Machlokes in mishna- R’ yehuda requires a door in RHR.  Rabanan say you don’t need a door, a מחיצה בריאה would be enough.  We pasken like Rabnan which allows us to use THP for mechitzos in our eruvin.  We still consider ati rabim to be a problem mederabanan.

a.     Tos- we don’t have this concern with a 4^th wall (which is only needed mederabanan)

b.     Maharm (cited by Mordechai)- we don’t have this concern if the area in question is only a RHR derabanan.

c.      Ritva- we don’t have this concern with mechitzos briyos and THP are considered Mechitzos briyos (he argues with all the rishonim who say THP is a mechitza grua).

Reason for D'latot

a.     One of the tna’im for a RHR is complete accessibility.  If we were to have a door limiting access to the area, it would render it a RHY mideoraysa.

1.        How many doors do we need?

a.     MB- cites two opinions: in order to block access and create a RHY with a door 1) we would require only 1 door & 3 walls.  2) we would require 2 doors.

1.        Do we need to actually close the doors to create a RHY deoraysa?

a.     SA- brings two opinions: 1) the doors just need the POTENTIAL to be closed.  2) the doors must ACTUALLY be closed for a time.

                                                 i.      R’ Schechter- closing the doors once a year is enough.  

Can we consider Drawbridges as d'latot?

a.     Sha’arei Tshuva- YES

b.     Avnei Nezer- NO bc they’re not real doors.

1.        What do we look at when calculating omed m’ruba al ha’parutz?

a.     Aruch HaShulchan- thinks OMAHP is based on all 4 walls together – we don’t need each side to be omed meruba independently.

                                                 i.      R’ Moshe- thinks AHS meant only on a deoraysa level, but derabanan we’d still need each individual wall to be omed meruba.

b.     Avnei Nezer- has a chumra that the space of the THP can’t be counted towards the omed. We’re not machmir for this.

1.        What is meant by ati avira d’hai gisa ud’hai gisa u’mevatli lei?

a.     Two gaps of space can make the middle omed considered parutz

1.        What problems can ati avira d’hai gisa cause?

a.     R’ Moshe- thinks pirtza >10 is only an issue derabanan, so for him ati avira is only potentially a problem if it cancels out some omed and creates parutz yeter al ha’omed

b.     Chazon Ish- ati avira can even create problem of parutz >10

1.        General halacha of pitcha B’keren Zavit

a.     Even less than 10 would still ruin the entire hekef mechitzot.

                                                 i.      Rashba- meikel for a pirtza 4 tfachim or smaller

                                               ii.      Pri Megadim- allowed a pirtza of 6 tfachim or less. 

1.        Pitcha b’keren zavit in eruvin today-

a.     R’ Schechter- most eruvin aren’t perfect rectangles so you just have to estimate.  And try and be sure that there are no gaps on corners.  If there are, a lechi on the corner would solve the problem.

a.     Rashi- There must be at least 1 wall in order for Pi tikra to take care of the others.

b.     Tos/Rama- there must be 2 perpindicular walls

c.      Rambam/Rif- only allow pi tikra to create the 4^th wall – w/o three real walls the din means nothing.  They don’t think pi tikra can create a RHY

1.        Is pi tikra limited by any shape restrictions?

a.     Rashi- the whole din works midin mechitza so it would ONLY apply to a flat roof.

b.     Tos- argues that it works midin petach, SO it can’t be >10 amos and CAN’T work on a keren zavit.

c.      SA- machmir for both of these opinions requiring a flat roof and disqualifying a keren zavit opening.

a.     R’ Moshe- pi tikra can only happen when a structure was built for the purpose of creating mechitzot.  So we can’t use elevated train tracks for mechitzot in our eruvin bc they’re built for the train

1.        What is the status of a THP derabanan/deoraysa?

a.     Pri Megadim- rabbinic method of creating a mechitza

b.     Chazon Ish- THP is a deoraysa concept as we see from its application in kilyaim.

                                                 i.      PM argues back that hekef of eruvin can’t be compared with hefsek of kilayim.

a.     Most assume- THP is a mechitza gru’ah which means there’s a problem of ati rabim u’mevatlei.

b.     Ritva thinks it’s an actual mechitza b’riah.

1.        Limits to THP-

a.     Rambam- THP can’t work if the distance between the two kanas is >10 amos (except for the 4^th wall)

a.     Most think that a lechi must only be a ma’she’hu in size.

b.     Mordechai- must be an actual etzba to qualify

1.        How sturdy to the lechis of a THP need to be?

a.     Able to hold a door- ust be strong enough to support a delet shel kash that is 10 tfachim tall

b.     Sturdiness of base- For mavuy, we would require that only the bottom 10 tfachim remain entirely stationary in the wind.  NOT CLEAR whether this would apply to a lechi of a THP as well

                                                 i.      Chazon Ish- was meikel on this point and allowed a lechi as long as it could withstand a ruach metzuya.

1.      Must the lechis of a THP be touching the ground?

a.     Most maintain- the poles need to reach within 3 tfachim of the ground.

b.     Chazon Ish- was machmir that they have to actually reach the floor.

c.      Chatam Sofer- was meikel that the THP was fine even if the lechi was ABOVE 3 tfachim.

1.        Must a lechi be straight/plumb?

a.     RAE- says a VERY crooked lechi does not work

b.     R’ Eider- cites R’ Aharon Kotler- that it has to be <45° angle.

c.      R’ Schechter- thinks it should be a lot less than 45°

1.        Can we make a THP over two hilltops?

a.     Tshuvot Shoel U’meshiv- yes, one lechi can be on one hilltop and another on another.

b.     R’ Schechter- doesn’t like this bc of his ground level chumra.

a.     Bechor Shor- cites Tos- requires BOTH lechis of a THP to be within 3 tfachim/lavud of a valid mechitza.

b.     Nesivos- only requires that 1 of the lechis be lavud adjacent to a wall

c.      Sfat Emet- says this requirement isn’t necessary and we’re meikel like him. 

a.     Tikkun Eruvin- you CANNOT use a THP at all to create a RHY for two reasons: 1) a THP is not nikkar.  2) Beisa K’man d’Malya dami

                                                 i.      RHS- thinks neither of these reasons make sense.  Invalidating it bc it’s not nikar would only make sense if you hold like the pri megadim that THP is only derabanan.  The 2^nd answer also makes no sense bc there’s no roof.

b.     Avnei Nezer- does not allow a THP bc of siluk mechitzot.

c.      Chavatzelet Ha’Sharon- says we’re meikel.

d.     RHS- We should be machmir but only for a permanent RHY

1.        Can a building count as one of the kana mikans
  in a THP?

a.     Magen Avraham- did not allow it.  Not built for a THP

b.     RHS- extends this chumra and does not allow poles in a fence to be used for a THP.

c.      Most- disagree with MA/RS and say you can even use a layer of paint or plaster as a THP.

                                                 i.      Trumas Ha’Deshen- using paint WOULD NOT have a problem of needing to support a delet shel kash bc we can rely on the actual building for that (sounds like he holds that you would need the paint though and the building could not serve as the kana alone)

                                               ii.      RHS- l’shitato disagrees with this kula

1.        How flimsy can the Kana Al Gabeyhen (KAG) be
  be for a THP?

a.     MB- one can even use a chevel

1.        Must the wire of a KAG be very tight/stiff?

a.     RHS- the wire DOESN’T need to be perfectly stationary in the wind.

b.     R’Eider- is machmir for this

1.        Assuming that we can allow for a little sag, would
  sagging within 10 tfachim of the ground
  pasul the THP?

1.        Assuming that we can allow for a little sag, would
  sagging within 10 tfachim of the ground
  pasul the THP?

a.     R’Tzvi Pesach Frank- as long as the sag is within 3 tfachim of 10 tfachim (i.e. it doesn’t sag more than 7.1 from the ground) then lavud would bring it back up to 10 and it would still be fine.

b.     Chazon Ish- disagrees.  A THP needs to be patterned after building doors.  No one uses lavud to build a door so it can’t be applied here.

1.        What if the wire falls down on Shabbos?

a.     R’Shlomo Kluger- big kula-believes mideoraysa all you need for a THP is a kaneh mikan v’kaneh mikan.  The need for the wire on top is only derabanan.  Therefore, if it falls on shabbos, we’d say ho’il v’hutra hutra and it would still be valid.  [we don’t follow this]

1.        Can I attach the KAG wire to the side of the
  kaneh or must it be on top?

a.     Taz- if it’s parallel to the top, even if not attached it would be valid [we don’t accept this kula]

b.     Chazon Ish- if you drill into the pole, then the wire can be attached to the side (providing there is still 10 tfachim of space below the wire).  He DOES NOT allow banging in a nail to the side bc you can’t see it and it doesn’t look like the top.

c.      Maharsham- Mutar l’gamrei on the side bc nowadays people build doorframes with only posts and no horizontal beams

d.     MB- most machmir- REQUIRES that that KAG be mamash on the top. [explicitly rejects Chazon Ish and Maharsham]

1.        What if the KAG becomes min ha’tzad on
  shabbos?

a.     R’Shlomo Kluger- same idea as the sagging KAG- the problem of min ha’tzad is only derabanan so while we require it, if it fell down on shabbos, ho’il v’hutra, hutra

1.        Halacha of ein tzarich liga?

a.     General rule- ein tzarich liga and the KMK does not need to be actually attached to the KAG as long as they’re lined up plumb with one another.

b.     Taz- in a case where it’s lined up but there’s a roof in between the KMK and the KAG, we would need to drill a hole through the roof so there is continuous airspace between the lined up KMK and KAG.

c.      Even Ha’Ozer- argues.  Even with something mafsik the THP is still valid.  [we’re meikil like the EHO but we try and drill a hole where we can]

1.        What is Pitchei Shamai?

1.        What is Pitchei Shamai?

a.     The need for a THP to be like a ordinary doorframe in the real world.  Not mamash though – only the shape has to be like a normal doorpost.  For example – an THP can go over a river even though real doorframes don’t do that

1.        Does a THP require hinges

a.     Rosh- most rishonim WOULD require them

b.     SA- DOES NOT require hinges

1.        Must we be able to see a THP for it to be valid?

a.     Pri Megadim- requires it to be nikar.

b.     Other poskim- we reject the PM’s approach to THP in general, so too in this case.  [so a KMK >20 amos and a bunch of other kulos]

1.        L’achzukei tikra counting towards a THP?

a.     Mishkanos Yakov- something l’achzukei tikra CANNOT count towards a THP [therefore, the arch of the GWB can’t be considered a THP bc it holds up the road]

1.        Width Requirements of a Lechi?

a.     MB- cites the tikkun eruvin that a lechi wider than 4 amos would be considered a structure and NOT a THP so it wouldn't work

1.        Can we build THPs back to back to back?

a.     Sha’arei Tshuva- we CAN’T build THP back to back bc we don’t build doorframes that way

b.     Tuv Ta’am V’da’as- Rejects ST bc we only assess 1 THP at a time.

c.      RHS- rejects ST more simply – he’s just wrong.  WE DO build doors like that.

1.        Can we use a THP ha’omed m’eilav?

a.     MB- is mesupak whether we can or not

b.     Practically, we usually have to tinker with it anyway, so it is a moot point bc it would no longer be omed m’eilav.

1.        Minimum size of a THP

a.     R’Moshe- generally THP must be at least 4 tfachim wide.  We CANNOT ignore a middle pole in a case of two 3.5 THPs to create 1 THP of 7.

1.        Origin of Eruvei Chatzeiros-

a.     Shlomo made a gzeira against carrying from 1 RHY to another w/o eruvei chatzeirot (EC) [leaving jointly owned food in each other’s homes or at least in a beis dira]

1.        Why can we place the EC in the shul if it’s not a
  beis dira?

a.     It’s considered a chatzer bc no one lives there.  The minhag to place it in the shul stems from shitufei mavu’ot which doesn’t require a beis dirah.

1.        Scope of prohibition to carry w/o EC:

a.     Rashi- can’t move things from a chatzer to a house and vice versa

b.     Rambam- g’zeira is to treat the chatzer like a real RHR.  He doesn’t forbid carrying WITHIN a chatzer OR from chatzer to chatzer.  His point is that if you bring something in b’heter to chatzer (like derech malbush) it would then be forbidden.

1.        What is kovea different places as different
  reshuyot?

a.     Machlokes whether it’s sleeping or eating.

b.     Most Poskim- maintain that it goes by eating.

                                                 i.      so presumably hotels wouldn’t require EC bc everyone eats in the same  place.  But this might only be the case if someone ACTUALLY LIVES there so that all others would be metzuraf to him.

1.        If we would need someone actually living there in
  order for a group of people to be metzuraf to him
  when they eat together, then why don’t hotels or
  hospitals make EC?

a.     T’fisat Yad- it could be that the ba’al ha’bayit has t’fisat yad on unmovable objects in the actual hotel room (lamps, tv etc.)

                                                 i.      R’Moshe- allowed for this kulla even if the landlord didn’t live in the building itself.  apt building would be included bc he extends this din to stoves fridges etc.

1.     both of R’Moshe’s assumptions are questionable

2.     Dvar Avraham- questions R’Moshe bc technically we can refuse the landlord’s wishes and move the appliances.

b.     Siluk Ba’al Ha’bayit.  Could be that they are relying on the fac that the ba’al ha’bayit can move you at any time so you’re not considered living there to require EC. 

a.     Amount- each person must give at least 1 grogeret and at most 18 grogrot.

b.     Berya- each person’s piece should be a WHOLE piece and NOT a prusa

c.      Z’chiya- z’chiya can work so not EVERY member needs to contribute to the pot.

d.     Who?- everyone EXCEPT the owner of the house the EC is in.

e.     Accessibility- since it belongs to everyone, anyone who requests must be allowed to eat it.    

                                                 i.      Knowledge of location- RHS- this halacha shows us that every member must know the location of the EC.

1.        What happens if there are non Jews within the
  area covered by eruv (ma’ascim b’chol yom)?

a.     S’chirat Reshut- Non Jews can’t be included so their property needs to be rented from them [symbolically. Even <pruta would work for everyone. Doesn’t need specificity]

1.        What is required to achieve S’chirat Reshut on
  the homes of goyim?

1.        What is required to achieve S’chirat Reshut on
  the homes of goyim?

a.     S’chiro U’l’kito- You can rent even from not the ba’al ha’bayit but even a butler with access to the house.

                                                 i.      Levush- the guy doesn’t even need to live there

                                               ii.      Chayey Adam- yes he does

b.     Moshel Ha’ir- you can rent from the moshel ha’ir and completely ignore the ba’al ha’bayit bc he has the ability to forcible enter and place troops in the goy’s house.

1.        How can we achieve S’chirat Reshut on a goy’s
  home via the moshel ha’ir post the Bill of Rights?

a.     Eminent domain- could be allowed bc the moshel ha’ir can access the home by way of a search warrant.

b.     Chacham Tzvi- DOES NOT ALLOW for SR via MHI with democratically elected government.

c.      R’Moshe- argues.  Democratically elected moshel ha’ir is EVEN BETTER bc he actually represents every member of the city

d.     RHS- argues. In order to achive SR via MHI, you would need unilateral access.  So a super can only help with hallways, roof etc. & a police chief can only help with streets, sidewalks and non private areas he has access

1.        How long can one do a s’chirat Reshut for?

a.     MB- suggests a period of 20 years.  [assumes we view the turnover of elected officials as different members of the SAME governing body]