Term
| Define aggression (Berkwitz) |
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Definition
Berkwitz (1993)
“some kind of behaviour, either physical or symbolic, that is carried out with the intention of hurting someone” |
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Term
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Definition
Aggression is an action that causes physical or psychological pain to another person but not the aggressor.
Many factors affect aggression incl. Pain, fear, anger, and social situation which are frustrating |
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Term
| What causes humans to be aggressive |
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Definition
1.Hormones (Angrogen, tesosterone)
2.Neurotransmitters (Low seratonin)
3.Alchohol (75% of violent crimes)
4.Previous high physiological arousal (ANS)
5.Weather (Hot n Humid)
6.Frustration (Agression theroy)
8.Pain (Lash Out)
9.SLT (esp if reinforced)
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Term
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Definition
| Bandura (1961) transmittion of agression through imitation of aggressive models. |
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Term
| Bandura (1961) exp. details |
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Definition
36 boys & 36 girls,
mean age 52 months,
24 saw agresseive model.
24 saw non aggressive model.
24 saw non (control group). |
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Term
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Definition
1.chilren who saw agg. model made more aggressive acts than the children who saw the non-agg.model.
2.Boys more agg. than girls.
3. boys watched agg. male model more aggressive than boys who saw agg. female medel.
4.Girls who saw agg. male model more verabaly agg than girls who saw agg female model.
5.control group showed least agg.
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Term
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Definition
Aggressive behaviour is learned; the social learning theroy.
Male models have more influance particularly with boys. |
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Term
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Definition
1.SLT models have great impact on personality development. (Teachers, parents, relatives, peers)
2.The study does not show any long term effects of aggressive modelling
3.The results support notion that learned behaviour is causation of aggression
4.Low ecological value.
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Term
| Pro / Anti social behaviour (define) |
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Definition
| Pro-social behaviour is any behaviour that helps society or the individual whilst anti-social behaviour is any behaviour which harms society or the individual. |
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Term
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Definition
Kitty Genovese
1.Altruism is a form of pro-social behaviour
2.Unselfish concern for the welfare of others |
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Term
| An eclectic explanation of altruism |
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Definition
1.Social approach i.e. influenced by social norms
2.Learning approach, we learn to help.
3.Biological approach, Helping is innate |
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Term
| What motivates helping behaviours? |
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Definition
1.Egotistic helping.
2.Genuine empathetic concern. |
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Term
| Two theories in why we help. |
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Definition
1.Negative state relief model (Cialdini)
2. Empathy Altruism Hypthesis (Batson 1994) |
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Term
| negative state relief model (define) |
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Definition
| Egotistic helping behaviour, motivated to relieve negative states, mood elevation is the consequence |
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Term
| Empathy altruism hypothesis |
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Definition
| Here empathy facilitates altruism- perception taking and/or emotional understanding. Empathetic concern, we want to free the individual of their suffering |
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Term
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Definition
Why do people not help? Bystander effect. (John Darley Bibi Latane 1970)
1. non urgent situation, pluaristic ignorance.
2. Diffusion of responsibility. |
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Term
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Definition
Tried to substantiate the bystander effect, investigated the effects of using different victims (race, blind, drunk)
Results.
Individual responses were determined by state of emotional arousal. |
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