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High to Late Renaissance
High Renaissance to Late aka Mannerism
36
Architecture
Undergraduate 1
05/07/2011

Additional Architecture Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
[image]
Definition

Leonardo Da Vinci, sketches for centralized churches, 1490

high ren.

 

  • plan and 3D exterior views
  • saw arch as engineering, didnt care about ornamentation
  • bio: true Renaissance Man: painter, sculptor, arch, inventor

 

Term
Donato Bramante (bio)
Definition

 

  • first worked in Milan, painting and started arch. study
  • influenced by Brunelleschi
  • goes to Rome ~1500 at age 56 (flourishing of Ren.) arch to Pope Julius II

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Bramante, S. Maria della Consolazione, Todi, 1508

High Ren.

 

  • direct influence from Leo's sketches
  • centralized, symmetrical on 2 axes, dome in center

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Bramante, S. Maria della Grazie, Milan, 1492-97

High Ren

 

  • Ren. addition to Gothic church-->awkward
  • easy to compare Gothic & Ren. on interior
  • Leonardo's Last Supper painted here

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Bramante, S. Maria presso S. Satiro, Milan, 1482-92

High Ren

 

  • addition to S. Satiro
  • abuts street-->no room for east apse-->painted in perspective: if you stand on axis, looks like deep apse
  • coffered barrel vaulting

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Bramante, Tempietto, Rome, 1505-14

High Ren.

 

  • spot where St. Peter was martyred
  • doric order used correctly mathmatically & symbolically
  • new bldg type created from ancient ideals (contrasts to Early Ren when they just made replicas of ancient bldgs)

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Bramante, St. Peter's, Rome, 1505

High Ren.

 

  • Julius II wanted new St. P's to show power of Church, based on classic terms
  • centralized plan w/ huge dome (inspiration from Baths of Diocletian & Pantheon)
  • died 1514, only foundation started

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Bramante, House of Raphael, Rome, 1512

High Ren

  • most influential palace design in Western arch history
  • 1st floor: rusticated, set-in windows, retail space
  • piano nobile: doric order columns (instead of pylasters) and protruding elements--> more dynamic

Term
def. of Mannerism
Definition

  • more personal artistic expression-->manipulation of classical language
  • Started 1520s--political instability in Rome
  • Favored disharmony, discord, imbalance, tension, distortion\
  • Comes from maniera--> self-indulgence,  superficial

Term
[image]
Definition

Raphael, Villa Madama, Rome, 1516

Late Ren.

 

  • country estate--new bldg type-->new level of sophistication (move into Mannerism)
  • for Cardinal de Medici
  • rooms open onto loggia, then stepped parterres on hill facing city of Rome
  • circulation not forced: many choices of which way to go

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Giorgio Vasari, Uffizi, Florence, 1560

Mannerism

 

  • crisp horizontal banding, varying depths of surface-->dynamic 
  • long, narrow courtyard-=tension
  • one end opens ont Piazza della Signoria, off axis, other end w/ arch, facing river

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Giulio Romano, Palazzo del Te courtyard, Mantua, 1525-34

Mannerism

  • courtyard w/ rooms en suit around it
  • made to look like ruin (triglyphs dropped down, windows not fully framed, heavily rusticated)--> creates tension & ambiguity

Term
Giorgio Vasari bio
Definition

 

  • writer, painter, historian, arch.
  • wrote biographies of Italian artists: The Lives of the Artists
  • went to Rome, 1529: studied Raphael
  • employed by Medeci family

 

Term

Giulio Romano

bio

Definition

 

  • grew up in Rome, experienced ancient bldgs-->very different understanding of them
  • his way of expressing antiquity: showing ruined conditions 
  • willful misuse of rules of classicalism
  • one of creators of Mannerism

 

Term
Michelangelo bio
Definition

  • painter, sculptor, arch, engineer
  • best documented artist of 1500s
  • grew up in Florence, sent to Medeci house to get artist's education
  • 1505-went to Rome, work for Julius II
  • known as the Divine One during his lifetime

Term
[image]
Definition

Michelangelo, Laurentian Library, S. Lorenzo, Florence, 1524

Mannerism

  • vestibule: tall, clerestories, framed blank windows, staircase--dynamic sculpture that creates tension
  • once you enter library: tension resolved: serene and orderly

Term
[image]
Definition

Michelangelo, Campidoglio, Rome, 1537

Mannerism

  • reestablish power of Rome
  • trapezoid space, oval pattern w/ statue in center
  • new facades on existing bldgs
  • big staircase connecting it to rest of city

Term
[image]
Definition

Michelangelo, Palazzo Farnese, Rome, 1517-46

  • Pope Paul III's residence
  • added central window & cornice on piano noble
  • shows importance in piaza 

Term
[image]
Definition

Michelangelo, St. Peter's , Rome, 1546

  • did most of work on it
  • made clay & wood models
  • simplified Bramante's plan, more solid walls & larger center piers to support dome
  • dome: influenced by Brunelleschi's dome, but more hemispherical, cupola, 16 ribs to look more round, buttressing columns

Term
[image]
Definition

Michelangelo, Porta Pia, Rome, 1516-65

  • city gate at end of Via Pia, not for defense but scenic view
  • plane of brick w/ white stone on top
  • emphasis for central passageway: packed w/ redundant elements

Term
[image]
Definition

Michelangelo, Sforza Chapel, S. Maria Maggiore, Rome, 1564

mannerism

  • most adventurous, combo of longitudinal and central plans-->skewing of typical plans, pushing boundaries

Term
Andrea Palladio bio
Definition

  • born in Venice, trained as stone mason, archtitect later in life, studied proportions in Rome
  • wrote The Four Books of Architecture
  • focus on classical, even though during Mannerist time
  • influenced Neo-Classicism
  • best known for villas

Term
[image]
Definition

Palladio, Basilica, Vicenza, 1549

  • redid facade council hall
  • 2 story arcade, doric& ionic orders
  • ancient bldg techs
  • "serliana" module

Term
[image]
Definition

Palladio, Palazzo Chiericati, Vicenza, 1550-52

  • urban palace, shallow long site
  • doric & ionic orders
  • facade divided into 3 parts

Term
[image]
Definition

Palladio, Villa Barbaro, Maser, 1557-58

  • practicality most important--compact, funtional space
  • innovative: temple front on house
  • proportions!, painted frescos inside

Term
[image]
Definition

Palladio, Villa Foscari, Malcontenta, 1559-60

  • on canal-->raised on platform
  • single axis
  • back: broken pediment
  • in plan: golden rectangle

Term
[image]
Definition

Palladio, Villa Americo-Capra (Rotunda), Vicenza, 1556-57


  • square, symmetrical on 2 axes
  • porticos on all 4 sides-->views
  • simple, yet harmonious 

Term
[image]
Definition

Palladio, Villa Trissino, Meledo, 1567

  • similar to Rotunda, but rectangle
  • influence seen in Georgian farmhouses

Term
[image]
Definition

Palladio, S. Giorgio Maggiore, Venice, 1565

  • centralized & latin cross combo
  • 2 temple fronts

Term
[image]
Definition

Palladio, Teatro Olimpico, Vicenza, 1579-80

  • awk site condition--> elliptical seating
  • stage set: urban piazzo w/ 3 streets--tricks eye

Term
[image]
Definition

Michelozzo di Bartolommeo. Medici Villa, Fiesole, 1458-61

  • extension of arch, geometric, controlled
  • outdoor room
  • orderly, 2 levels of parterres

Term
[image]
Definition

Giacomo Vignola, Villa Lante, Bagnaia, 1566

  • perspective/views==organizing principle
  • starts orderly at bottom of hill-->top= boscos

Term
[image]
Definition

Pirro Ligorio, Villa d'Este, Tivoli, 1565-72

  • Mannerist
  • every scale & variaton of water
  • dedicated to Hercules 

Term
[image]
Definition

Niccolo Tribolo, Boboli Gardens, Florence, 1549

  • garden goes uphill, starting at villa
  • strong central axis, starts simple-->gets larger and more complex

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