Term
|
Definition
Leonardo Da Vinci, sketches for centralized churches, 1490
high ren.
- plan and 3D exterior views
- saw arch as engineering, didnt care about ornamentation
- bio: true Renaissance Man: painter, sculptor, arch, inventor
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- first worked in Milan, painting and started arch. study
- influenced by Brunelleschi
- goes to Rome ~1500 at age 56 (flourishing of Ren.) arch to Pope Julius II
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bramante, S. Maria della Consolazione, Todi, 1508
High Ren.
- direct influence from Leo's sketches
- centralized, symmetrical on 2 axes, dome in center
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bramante, S. Maria della Grazie, Milan, 1492-97
High Ren
- Ren. addition to Gothic church-->awkward
- easy to compare Gothic & Ren. on interior
- Leonardo's Last Supper painted here
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bramante, S. Maria presso S. Satiro, Milan, 1482-92
High Ren
- addition to S. Satiro
- abuts street-->no room for east apse-->painted in perspective: if you stand on axis, looks like deep apse
- coffered barrel vaulting
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bramante, Tempietto, Rome, 1505-14
High Ren.
- spot where St. Peter was martyred
- doric order used correctly mathmatically & symbolically
- new bldg type created from ancient ideals (contrasts to Early Ren when they just made replicas of ancient bldgs)
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bramante, St. Peter's, Rome, 1505
High Ren.
- Julius II wanted new St. P's to show power of Church, based on classic terms
- centralized plan w/ huge dome (inspiration from Baths of Diocletian & Pantheon)
- died 1514, only foundation started
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bramante, House of Raphael, Rome, 1512
High Ren
- most influential palace design in Western arch history
- 1st floor: rusticated, set-in windows, retail space
- piano nobile: doric order columns (instead of pylasters) and protruding elements--> more dynamic
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- more personal artistic expression-->manipulation of classical language
- Started 1520s--political instability in Rome
- Favored disharmony, discord, imbalance, tension, distortion\
- Comes from maniera--> self-indulgence, superficial
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Raphael, Villa Madama, Rome, 1516
Late Ren.
- country estate--new bldg type-->new level of sophistication (move into Mannerism)
- for Cardinal de Medici
- rooms open onto loggia, then stepped parterres on hill facing city of Rome
- circulation not forced: many choices of which way to go
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Giorgio Vasari, Uffizi, Florence, 1560
Mannerism
- crisp horizontal banding, varying depths of surface-->dynamic
- long, narrow courtyard-=tension
- one end opens ont Piazza della Signoria, off axis, other end w/ arch, facing river
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Giulio Romano, Palazzo del Te courtyard, Mantua, 1525-34
Mannerism
- courtyard w/ rooms en suit around it
- made to look like ruin (triglyphs dropped down, windows not fully framed, heavily rusticated)--> creates tension & ambiguity
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- writer, painter, historian, arch.
- wrote biographies of Italian artists: The Lives of the Artists
- went to Rome, 1529: studied Raphael
- employed by Medeci family
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- grew up in Rome, experienced ancient bldgs-->very different understanding of them
- his way of expressing antiquity: showing ruined conditions
- willful misuse of rules of classicalism
- one of creators of Mannerism
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- painter, sculptor, arch, engineer
- best documented artist of 1500s
- grew up in Florence, sent to Medeci house to get artist's education
- 1505-went to Rome, work for Julius II
- known as the Divine One during his lifetime
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Michelangelo, Laurentian Library, S. Lorenzo, Florence, 1524
Mannerism
- vestibule: tall, clerestories, framed blank windows, staircase--dynamic sculpture that creates tension
- once you enter library: tension resolved: serene and orderly
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Michelangelo, Campidoglio, Rome, 1537
Mannerism
- reestablish power of Rome
- trapezoid space, oval pattern w/ statue in center
- new facades on existing bldgs
- big staircase connecting it to rest of city
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Michelangelo, Palazzo Farnese, Rome, 1517-46
- Pope Paul III's residence
- added central window & cornice on piano noble
- shows importance in piaza
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Michelangelo, St. Peter's , Rome, 1546
- did most of work on it
- made clay & wood models
- simplified Bramante's plan, more solid walls & larger center piers to support dome
- dome: influenced by Brunelleschi's dome, but more hemispherical, cupola, 16 ribs to look more round, buttressing columns
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Michelangelo, Porta Pia, Rome, 1516-65
- city gate at end of Via Pia, not for defense but scenic view
- plane of brick w/ white stone on top
- emphasis for central passageway: packed w/ redundant elements
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Michelangelo, Sforza Chapel, S. Maria Maggiore, Rome, 1564
mannerism
- most adventurous, combo of longitudinal and central plans-->skewing of typical plans, pushing boundaries
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- born in Venice, trained as stone mason, archtitect later in life, studied proportions in Rome
- wrote The Four Books of Architecture
- focus on classical, even though during Mannerist time
- influenced Neo-Classicism
- best known for villas
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Palladio, Basilica, Vicenza, 1549
- redid facade council hall
- 2 story arcade, doric& ionic orders
- ancient bldg techs
- "serliana" module
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Palladio, Palazzo Chiericati, Vicenza, 1550-52
- urban palace, shallow long site
- doric & ionic orders
- facade divided into 3 parts
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Palladio, Villa Barbaro, Maser, 1557-58
- practicality most important--compact, funtional space
- innovative: temple front on house
- proportions!, painted frescos inside
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Palladio, Villa Foscari, Malcontenta, 1559-60
- on canal-->raised on platform
- single axis
- back: broken pediment
- in plan: golden rectangle
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Palladio, Villa Americo-Capra (Rotunda), Vicenza, 1556-57
- square, symmetrical on 2 axes
- porticos on all 4 sides-->views
- simple, yet harmonious
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Palladio, Villa Trissino, Meledo, 1567
- similar to Rotunda, but rectangle
- influence seen in Georgian farmhouses
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Palladio, S. Giorgio Maggiore, Venice, 1565
- centralized & latin cross combo
- 2 temple fronts
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Palladio, Teatro Olimpico, Vicenza, 1579-80
- awk site condition--> elliptical seating
- stage set: urban piazzo w/ 3 streets--tricks eye
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Michelozzo di Bartolommeo. Medici Villa, Fiesole, 1458-61
- extension of arch, geometric, controlled
- outdoor room
- orderly, 2 levels of parterres
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Giacomo Vignola, Villa Lante, Bagnaia, 1566
- perspective/views==organizing principle
- starts orderly at bottom of hill-->top= boscos
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Pirro Ligorio, Villa d'Este, Tivoli, 1565-72
- Mannerist
- every scale & variaton of water
- dedicated to Hercules
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Niccolo Tribolo, Boboli Gardens, Florence, 1549
- garden goes uphill, starting at villa
- strong central axis, starts simple-->gets larger and more complex
|
|
|