Term
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Definition
| putting things into orderly groups based on similar characteristics |
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Term
| What 3 questions can classifying organisms help answer? |
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Definition
| 1) How many known species are there? 2) What are the defining characteristics of each species? 3) What are the relationships between species? |
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Term
| Before the 1600's, how were organisms classified? |
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Definition
| all organisms wre put into two groups - plants and animals |
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Term
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Definition
| the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms |
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Term
| How do scientists classify living things today? |
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Definition
| scientists use an eight-level system based on shared characteristics (the more characterisics that are shared, the more closely the organism are related) |
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Term
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Definition
| a tool for showing similarities and differences between different organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| the largest and most general group in the classification system |
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Term
| What are the 8 levels of organization (in order)? |
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Definition
domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species |
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Term
| how did Linnaeus simplify the naming of organisms? |
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Definition
| each epecies was given a 2-part scientific name; usually in Latin or Greek |
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Term
| What are the two parts of a scientific name? |
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Definition
| the first part is the genus name - it is always capitalized; the second part is the specific (species) name - it is always lowercase |
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Term
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Definition
| a tool that is used to identify organisms; it consists of a series of paired questions |
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Term
| What are the three domains in the present classification system? |
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Definition
| Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya |
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Term
| What type of organisms are in the archaea domain? |
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Definition
| prokaryotes, most of them live in extreme enfironments |
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Term
| Who founded modern taxonomy? |
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Definition
| Carolus Linnaeus, a Swedish scientist, tried to classify all organisms based on size and structure |
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Term
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Definition
| single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus |
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Term
| What type of organisms are in the bacteria domain? |
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Definition
| prokaryotes that usually have a cell wall and reproduce by cell division |
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Term
| What type of organisms are in the Eukarya domain? |
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Definition
| all organisms in this domain are eukaryotes |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms whose cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
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Term
| What are the 4 kingdoms of Eukarya? |
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Definition
| Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalae |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of protists? |
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Definition
| single-celled or simple multicellular orgnaisms that have a nucleus |
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Term
| What are some examples of protists? |
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Definition
| Protozoans, algae, slime mold, euglenoids, and amoebas |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of Fungi? |
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Definition
| organisms that can't move or make their own food, they get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings |
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Term
| What are some examples of Fungi? |
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Definition
| mushrooms, molds, athlete's foot, ringworm, yeast |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of plants? |
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Definition
| complex, multicellular organisms that can't move, make their oun food, and have cell walls |
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Term
| What are some characteristics of animals? |
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Definition
| multicellular organisms that can usually move around, depend on other organisms for food, and have specialized sense organs |
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Term
| What are some examples of plants? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some examples of animals? |
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Definition
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Term
| Putting plants and animals into orderly groups based on similar charcteristics is called ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Classifying living things helps human beings ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Taxonomy is the science of ________. |
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Definition
| describing, classifying, and naming organisms. |
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Term
| Today, a system of classification similar to the system developed by Carolus Linnaeus _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The more closely related living things are to each other, the more __________. |
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Definition
| characteristics they share. |
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Term
| Organisms are thought to be closely related when they have__________. |
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Definition
| many characteristics in common. |
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Term
| Before the 1600's, scientists divided organisms into what two groups? |
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Definition
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Term
| What Swedish scientist created the first organized, modern taxonomy? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many levels of classification do scientists use today? |
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Definition
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Term
| All organisms are classified into ________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Each domain of orgnaisms is divided into several ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The smallest, most specific classification level is ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring called? |
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Definition
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Term
| No matter how many common names an organism might have, it only has one _____________________. |
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Definition
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Term
| How was the naming of organisms different before Carolus Linnaeus, and how was the system difficult for scientists? |
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Definition
| They were too long, and individual scientists named organisms differently |
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Term
| In the scientific name for the Asian elephant, Elephas maximus, the word Elephas indicates the amnimal's _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| All genus names begin with a(n) ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| All specific (species) names begin with a(n) ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Scientific names are usually in one of these two languages, ____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| In the scientific name Tyrannosaurus rex, what is the species name? |
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Definition
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Term
| What abbreviation do scientists sometimes use when referring to Tyrannosaurus rex? |
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Definition
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Term
| Scientists use dichotomous keys to |
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Definition
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Term
| Of all the organisms on the Earth, |
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Definition
| not all have been discovered or classified. |
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Term
| What so scientists do when a newly discovered organism does not fit any existing category? |
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Definition
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Term
| What newly discovered organism, first found in 1995 on lobster lips, did not fit in any existing phyla? |
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Definition
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Term
| Before the discovery of organisms like Euglena, how were all organisms classified? |
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Definition
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Term
| Scientists classify organisms based on their what? |
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Definition
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Term
Which characteristic is not true for euglenoids including th genus Euglena?
a-single celled b-live in salt water c-live in pond water d-make their own food |
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Definition
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Term
| A green color and the ability to make food through photosynthesis might make some people think that members of the genus Euglena are a-trees b-algae c-plants d-mosses |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is a characteristic that animals and members of the genus Euglena possess but plants do not? |
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Definition
| ability to move by themselves |
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Term
| What kingdom did scientists add to create a classification for organisms that had characteristics of both plants and animals |
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Definition
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Term
| Today, there are how many domains in the classification system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Single-celled organisms that do not have a nucleus are called |
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Definition
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Term
| How are archaea distiguished from other prokaryotes? |
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Definition
| in their genetics and in the make-up of their cell wall |
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Term
identify the correct bacteria kingdom for the organisms as Archaea or Bacteria
a-some of these live inside humans b-one of these causes pneumonia c-these live in places where most other organisms could not live d-its name comes from a word that mea |
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Definition
| a-bacteria b-bacteria c-Archaea d-Archaea e-bacteria |
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Term
| Prokaryotes that usually have a cell wall and that usually reproduce by cell division belong to the domain |
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Definition
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Term
| All organisms whose cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are called |
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Definition
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Term
| All eukaryotes belong to the domain |
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Definition
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Term
| members of the kingdom Protista are called |
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Definition
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Term
| Protists that have animal-like characteristics are called |
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Definition
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Term
| Protists that have plantlike characteristics are called |
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Definition
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Term
| unlike plants, fungi do not use |
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Definition
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Term
| Unlike animals, what do nt eat food |
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Definition
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Term
| how do fungi absorb nutrients from their surrounding? |
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Definition
| the use digestive jucies to breakdown the substances surrounding them |
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Term
| Give two examples of fungi |
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Definition
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Term
| In order for plants to make their own food through photosynthesis, they must be exposed to |
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Definition
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Term
| What do all members of the Kingdon Plantae have in common? |
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Definition
| They are eukaryotic, have cell walls, and make their own food through photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| on land and in water that light can penetrate |
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Term
| Explain why the food that plants make is important not only to the plants themselves but to other organisms as well. |
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Definition
| the other organisms use the plants for food because they can not make food themselves. |
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Term
| What are two ways plants are used by other organisms? |
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Definition
| for food and habitat (shelter) |
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Term
| What characteristics do most members of kingdom Animalia share? |
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Definition
| the are complex, multicellular organisms that do not have cell walls, are usually able to move around, and have specialized sense organs |
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Term
| Members of kingdom Animalia have specialized sense organs that allow them to respond to their |
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Definition
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Term
| Members of kingdom Animalia are commonly called |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain why animals need plants. |
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Definition
| animals can not make their own food so animal need plant to eat (for food) |
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Term
| Explain how animal depend on bacteria and fungi. |
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Definition
| to recycle the nutrients found in dead organisms |
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Term
| The kingdom Animalia includes some very simple animals, such as what, that do not have sense organs and cannot move. |
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Definition
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