Term
|
Definition
targe: pencillin binding proteins
action: bactericidal
properties:
substituent on 6-aminopenicllanic acid influence, porn penetration, susceptibility to beta lactamase
affinity for and pattern of binding to PBPs |
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Term
|
Definition
mostly beta lactamases
sometimes altered targets: MRSA, PRSP grm negative impaired access
efflux pumps
impaired access
efflux pumps |
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Term
| penicillins are classified by |
|
Definition
| their abtibacterial specturm and their susceptibility to beta lactamase |
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Term
|
Definition
active vs. group A sterptococci
t pallidum
some enteroccoci
penumococci
meningococci
anaerobes |
|
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Term
| very narrow specrtrun pencillinase resistant |
|
Definition
nafcillin
oxacillin
staph uysed to be methicillin but nthat is renal toxic |
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Term
|
Definition
| no beta lactamase response due to change in target protein |
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Term
| extended spectrum beta lactamase drugs |
|
Definition
| aminopenicllins, carboxypenicillins, ureidopenicllins |
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Term
|
Definition
ampicillin
amoxicillin
like penicillin G also active against some e.coli, h.influenzae, l.monocytogenes, p. mirablis and enterococcal |
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Term
|
Definition
| ticarcillin-extends to gram negative including pesudomonas and proteus species |
|
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Term
|
Definition
klebsiella
pipercillinlike ticarcillin |
|
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Term
| beta lactamase inhibitors |
|
Definition
sulbactam
tazobactam
claculanic acid
contain an extra beta lactam ring that is a suicide substrate for beta lactamase |
|
|
Term
| a beta lactam drug plus a beta lactamase inhibotor can be |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
target penicllin binding proteins (cell wall trasnpeptidases)
action: bactericidal
properties: substituent on 7 aminocephalosporic acid influence porin penetration
beta lactase susceptible
target binding
resistance: beta lactamase, altered target, impaired access
adverse effects:
hypersensitivity:imiited cross allergeicity with penicllins but do not use in patients with anaphylaxis
GI problems
parenteral admin
no CNS
renal excretion |
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Term
| cephalosporins classified by |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
cefazolin
kills most gram positive coci (penicillinase producing bugs)
no kill MRSA no kill enterococus
plus ecoli, k. pneumonia, P. mirablis |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| increased effect against gram negative organisms, such as H.influenzae and b. fragilis |
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Term
|
Definition
| propholaxis before surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
big guns
gram negative action
eneteric and psudomonas
4th generation cefepinme for multi drug resistant |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| respiraotry and mixed anerobes |
|
|
Term
| serious empirical therapy |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| ceftriaxone 3rd generation |
|
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Term
|
Definition
target:PBP
action: bactericidal towards gram-aerobes
spectrum similar to aminoglycosides
synergistic with aminogylcosides
gram positive and anawerobes are itnriinsiclaly resistant |
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Term
|
Definition
| not used as often as dr. whitlock would think |
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Term
|
Definition
imipenem/cilastatin
meropenem
ertapenem
target: penicllin binding proteins
action: bactericidal
properties kill many gram positive organisms and gram negative organisms as awell as some PRSP
resistance emerging-reducing drug use
low susceptibilty to beta lactamazes
adverse effects: hypersensitivity
GI
CNS (seizures esp. in renal failure0
IV administration
renal elimination
renal dehydropeptidase
uses: mixed infections, empirical therapy in immunocopmromised infections |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
d-ala d-ala of the cell wall and prevents polymerization
forms five hydrogen bonds |
|
|
Term
| gram negatives are resistant to vancomycin why? |
|
Definition
| it is too big to pass through the pores |
|
|
Term
| how can enterococci and stphylococci become resistant to vancomycin? |
|
Definition
the terminal alanine turns into d-lac and this makes only four hydrogen onds and htis makes the bond very weak.
now the corss linking takes place |
|
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Term
|
Definition
target: dala dala
action: bactericidal
properties: kills many gram positive cocci and bacilli
resistance: gram - and mutated strept and staph with d lactate plasmid
red man syndrome
ototoxicity
pharmacokinetics: poorbioavialbaility
adminster IV for
renal elimination
uses: serious infections with beta lactam resistant gram positive
possible nephrotoxicicity |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| what stops monomer production |
|
Definition
fosfomycin
cycloserine (inhibits alanine)
bacitracin (inhibits phosphorylation) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
cns toxic
dala dala stopper
tuberculosis |
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Term
|
Definition
UTI
can be used during pregnancy inhibits enolpyuruvate transferase an early step in cell wall synthesis |
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Term
|
Definition
target cell membrane
action: bactericidal towards gram positive
concentration dependent killing with PAE
active veruss MRSA, VRSA
use: bada ass bugs endocarditis
resistance: staph aureus w decreased suceptibility during therapy
adverse effects: GI myopathy
pharmako: IV admin
urinary excretion |
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