Term
| What is the accumulation of fatty material (mainly cholesterol, fibrous material and calcium), forming an atheroma or plaque? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name three effects of an atheroma on an artery. |
|
Definition
| artery thickens, lumen narrows, walls less elastic |
|
|
Term
| Name the cardiovascular disorders that have atherosclerosis as their root cause. |
|
Definition
| angina, heart attack, stroke and peripheral vascular disorders |
|
|
Term
| If an atheroma rupture which tissue is damaged? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of the clotting factors released when an atheroma ruptures? |
|
Definition
| cause the enzyme prothrombin to be converted into its active form thrombin |
|
|
Term
| What is the effect of thrombin? |
|
Definition
| causes molecules of the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen to form threads of insoluble fibrin protein |
|
|
Term
| What do fibrin threads do? |
|
Definition
| form a meshwork that clots the blood, seals a wound and forms a scaffold for the formation of scar tissue |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the formation of a blood clot (thrombus) in a vessel? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a thrombus breaks loose what does it form? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be caused by a thrombosis in a coronary artery ? |
|
Definition
| myocardial infarction (MI) commonly known as a heart attack |
|
|
Term
| What can be caused by a thrombosis in an artery in the brain ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does thrombosis often cause the death of some tissue? |
|
Definition
| blocking arteries deprives cells of oxygen |
|
|
Term
| What is the term for the narrowing of arteries that are not in the heart or brain? |
|
Definition
| peripheral vascular disorders |
|
|
Term
| Where are the blood clots that cause DVT found? |
|
Definition
| deep veins, most commonly in the legs |
|
|
Term
| What is a symptom of DVT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which blood vessel is blocked by a pulmonary embolism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the lipid found in cell membranes and used to make sex hormones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which organ is synthesises 25% of the body's cholesterol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect does a diet of saturated fats have on the level of cholesterol in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of lipoproteins transport excess cholesterol from the body cells to the liver for elimination? |
|
Definition
| HDL (high density lipoproteins) |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of LDLs (low density lipoproteins) |
|
Definition
| transport cholesterol to boody cells |
|
|
Term
| What is on the surface of most cells that allows cholesterol to be taken into the cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When will negative feedback inhibit the synthesis of new LDL receptors, leaving LDL circulating in the blood? |
|
Definition
| when the cell has sufficient cholesterol |
|
|
Term
| What forms when the LDL circulating in the blood deposits the cholesterol in the arteries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of lipoprotein needs to be in higher proportion in the blood to lower blood cholesterol levels ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lifestyle action can raise HDL (high density lipoproteins) levels in the blood? |
|
Definition
| regular physical activity |
|
|
Term
| Name the group of drugs that reduce the blood cholesterol by inhibiting the synthesis of cholesterol by liver cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
