Term
| State three differences between RNA and DNA. |
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Definition
| single stranded vs double stranded, ribose sugar vs deoxyribose sugar, the base uracil vs the base thymine |
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Term
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Definition
| carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| Carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome. |
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Term
| What two components make up the ribosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| State the name of a triplet of bases on the mRNA molecule |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe what is found at each end of a tRNA molecule |
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Definition
| An anticodon and an attachment site for a specific amino acid |
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Term
| Describe two functions of RNA polymerase. |
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Definition
| Unwind the DNA helix and break hydrogen bonds AND synthesise a primary transcript of mRNA |
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Term
| What type of bond attaches the RNA nucleotides to the DNA template strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mRNA strand with Introns and exons called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the mRNA strand with only exons called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the process of RNA splicing. |
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Definition
| Introns are removed and exons are joined together to form the mature transcript. |
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Term
| Where on the mRNA molecule does translation begin? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the cell does translation occurr? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of anticodons? |
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Definition
| To bind to codons by complementary base pairing. |
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Term
| What type of bond holds the anti-codon and codon together? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the chain of amino acids formed by translation called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bonds are formed between amino acids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the fate of each tRNA after the amino acid has been delivered? |
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Definition
| Leaves the ribosome to collect another amino acid from the cytoplasm. |
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Term
| How can more than one protein be expressed from one gene? |
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Definition
| Alternative RNA splicing. |
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Term
| How is the 3D shape of a protein achieved? |
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Definition
| Folding of polypeptide chains, held together by hydrogen bonds and other interactions between individual amino acids. |
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Term
| What determines protein function? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two factors determine phenotype? |
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Definition
| Proteins produced as a result of gene expression and environmental factors. |
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