Term
| Name the components of a DNA nucleotide. |
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Definition
| A base, phosphate and deoxyribose sugar. |
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Term
| Describe the base pairing rule. |
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Definition
| Adenine-Thymine, Guanine-Cytosine |
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Term
| What forms the uprights of the DNA ladder? |
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Definition
| The sugar phosphate backbone |
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Term
| What type of bond is found between bases in a DNA molecule? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe what is meant by an antiparallel structure. |
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Definition
| Deoxyribose and phosphate at 3’ and 5’ ends of each strand respectively |
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Term
| What is required to start DNA replication? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A short strand of nucleotides which binds to the 3’ end of the template DNA strand allowing polymerase to add DNA nucleotides |
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Term
| What is the role of DNA polymerase? |
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Definition
| DNA polymerase adds DNA nucleotides to the deoxyribose (3’) end of the new DNA strand which is forming. |
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Term
| What is the difference between the leading and lagging strand? |
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Definition
| Leading strand is replicated continuously, lagging strand in fragments. |
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Term
| Name the enzyme which joins together fragments of DNA. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of PCR? |
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Definition
| To amplify fragments of DNA |
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Term
| What is the role of the primer in PCR? |
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Definition
| Short strands of nucleotides which are complementary to specific target sequences at the two ends of the region of DNA to be amplified |
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Term
| What temperature is the DNA heated to in order to separate strands in PCR? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the DNA cooled to between 50 and 65°C during PCR? |
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Definition
| To allow primers to bind to target sequences |
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Term
| Why is the DNA heated to between 70 and 80°C during PCR? |
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Definition
| For heat-tolerant DNA polymerase to replicate the region of DNA. |
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Term
| State a practical application of PCR. |
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Definition
| Help solve crimes, settle paternity suits and diagnose genetic disorders. |
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