Term
| What is the tumor heterogeneity? |
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Definition
| Tumour heterogeneity describes the observation that different tumour cells can show distinct morphological and phenotypic profiles, including cellular morphology, gene expression,metabolism, motility, proliferation, and metastatic potential |
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Term
| What are the two types of tumor heterogeneity? |
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Definition
| This phenomenon occurs both between tumors (inter-tumour heterogeneity)and within tumours (intra-tumour heterogeneity). |
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Term
| Features of tumor heterogeneity |
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Definition
• Genetic and epigenetic heterogeneity
• Biggest across cancer types different drivers in different cancers
• Big across individuals having the same cancer (still large number of driver genes per tumor, comp lecture 7) |
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Term
| What are the main facts about intratumor heterogeneity? |
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Definition
• Clearly exists on a phenotypic and
genotpyic level for many cancers
• Causes: 1)Genetic (clonal evolution) 2)Epigenetic
• intrinsic
• Extrinsic (induced by (micro)enviroment) |
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Term
| Outline clonal evolution theory |
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Definition
In this model, tumours arise from a single mutated cell, accumulating additional mutations as it progresses.
This heterogeneity may give rise to subclones that possess an evolutionary advantage over the others within the tumor environment, and these subclones may become dominant in the tumour over time. |
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Term
| Outline the cancer stem cell model |
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Definition
| The cancer stem cell model asserts that within a population of tumour cells, there is only a small subset of cells that are tumourigenic. These cells are marked by the ability to both self-renew and differentiate into non-tumourigenic progeny. The CSC model posits that the heterogeneity observed between tumour cells is the result of differences in the stem cells from which they originated |
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Term
| PINGO: What is the evolution of cancer look like? |
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Definition
+Evolution of cancer is more like bacterial evolution since there is no recombination
+Development of cancer is an evolutionary process since mutation and selection play a role
+Evolutionary processes might be especially important to consider if different subpopulations of tumor cells exist in a cancer |
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Term
| PINGO: Which statements regarding the heterogeneity of cancer are correct? |
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Definition
+Heterogeneity can refer to different driver mutations that exist in cancers of different individuals
+Heterogeneity can refer to different driver mutations that exist within a cancer of the same patient
+Phenotypic heterogeneity within a patient can be caused by cancer stem cells that differentiate
+The cancer stem cell model refers to a model of cancer development where a hierarchy of differentiating cells form the cancer and only the cancer stem cells are capable of inititiating tumors |
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