Term
|
Definition
| involves equal disclosure of personal information adn intimacy, and both parties enjoy equal opportunity for spontaneity with the exception of mutual confidentiality. |
|
|
Term
| Therapeutic communication |
|
Definition
| Focuses on the patient, but is planned and directed by the professional |
|
|
Term
| Primary goals of therapeutic use of self |
|
Definition
| Using silence and therapeutic listening are important componenets of the therapeutic use of self with patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Must be approached with caution - Patients behaviors can provide clues to their ability to tolerate and benefit from touch |
|
|
Term
| Why is the developement of a nurse-patient relationship so important? |
|
Definition
| The nurse-patient relationship is a tool that the nurse can use to assess each patient's problems, select and carry out specific interventions and evaluate the effectiveness of care. |
|
|
Term
| Under what conditions is brief self-disclosure by the nurse permissible? |
|
Definition
| It might help patients clarify specific issues, feel less vulnerable, or feel more normal |
|
|
Term
| What are the stages of a therapeutic nurse-patient relationship? |
|
Definition
1. Orientation
2. Working
3. Termination |
|
|
Term
| 5 major tasks of orientation stage of nurse-patient relationship |
|
Definition
1. Building Trust
2. Beginning Assessment
3. Managing Emotions
4. Providing Support
5. Providing Structure |
|
|
Term
| Major tasks of working stage of nurse-patient relationship |
|
Definition
1. In depth data collection
2. Reality testing and cognitive restructuring
3. Writing and journaling
4. Promoting change |
|
|
Term
| Describe the major tasks of the termination stage of nurse-patient relationship |
|
Definition
1. Evaluation and Summary of Progress
2. Synthesizing the outcomes
3. Referrals
4. Discussion of termination |
|
|
Term
| How should the nurse talk to a patient who is hallucinating? |
|
Definition
| The nurse should contract with patients to avoid acting on the commands they hear and tell the staff. These patients are more lifely to act on their hallucinations. |
|
|
Term
| How should the nurse talk to a patient who is delusional? |
|
Definition
| The strategy of "ignore and distract" is more useful. The approach is to have the patient clarify meanings, for example "who do you think is trying to hurt you?" Similar to hallucinations, delusions are not discussed after the meanings are clarified. |
|
|
Term
| How should the nurse interact with a patient that is depressed? |
|
Definition
| Patience, frequent contact, and empathy are effective ways for dealing with these feelings. The nurse acknowledges feelings but discourages rumination |
|
|
Term
| Describe the therapeutic milieu modifications appropriate for a hyperactive patient |
|
Definition
| The patient should be in a quiet area, with minimal auditory and visual stimulation. Physical activity may help drain excess energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Involves the unconcious emotional reaction that patients have in a current situation that is actually based on previous (even childhood) relationships and experiences |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Might occur in response to a patient's transference. Positive or negative feelings may occur and can interfere with ability to be therapeutic |
|
|
Term
| Components of assessment as used by psychiatric nurses |
|
Definition
-Initial patient assessment
-Mental status examination
-Ongoing assessments |
|
|
Term
| During the evaluation phase of the nursing process, what items are evaluated? |
|
Definition
-Patient progress
-Discharge summaries
-Progress recordings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Concept of asylum was developed. |
|
|
Term
| Period of Scientific Study |
|
Definition
| The shift of focus from sanctuary to treatment |
|
|
Term
| Period of Psychotropic Drugs |
|
Definition
| Destigmitization of mental illness occurred. The term "least restrictive environment" evolved from this discovery |
|
|
Term
| Period of Community Mental Health |
|
Definition
| Move from institutionalization to treatment within the community |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of the first major reformers inteh USA, was instrumental in developing concept of asylum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Developed a model for psychiatric nursing practice and wrote an influencial book called "interpersonal relationships in nursing" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Devoted to understanding mind and mental illness. Came up with concept of ID, Ego and Super-Ego |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First American psychiatric nurse |
|
|
Term
| Traditional Outpatient Services |
|
Definition
| Occurred in mental health clinics and private offices, and the typical treatment might be a visit once a month with counselor or case manager. During these visits, an assessment of needs for additional services is made to determine whether the individual needs more intense service or a different type of service |
|
|
Term
| Partial Programs and Day Treatment |
|
Definition
| Individuals who nee dsome supervision, structured activities, ongoing treatment, adn nursing care might benefit from partial programs and day treatment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Available for the homebound because their illness or disability inhibits their ability to leave home and obtain services elsewhere |
|
|
Term
| Community Outreach Programs |
|
Definition
| Developed to reach individuals in areas in which a lack of traditional medication and social services exists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Available to individuals who need temporary or long-term housing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These meetings are conducted by members, not by professionals, and can take place on a weekly basis |
|
|
Term
| Intensive Outpatient Programs |
|
Definition
| Designed to stabilize patients in the community. Focuses on supporting people with disabilities in their pursuit of recovery |
|
|
Term
| Assertive Community Treatment |
|
Definition
| A comprehensive community-based service delivery model in which a team of prefessionals assumes direct responsibility for providing needed by the consumer 24/7 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Individuals with mental health problems such as anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances sometimes seek help for these problems in primary care offices and clinics |
|
|
Term
| Selye's Stress-Adaptation Theory |
|
Definition
| Stress: positive or negative occurrence or emotion requiring a response |
|
|
Term
| 3 stages of Stress Reaction |
|
Definition
1. Alarm Reaction
2. Stage of Resistance
3. Stage of Exhaustion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Safety
2. Structure
3. Norms
4. Limit setting
5. Balance
6. Environmental modification |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Forceful verbal or physical action that is, the motor counterpart of the affect of anger, rage, or hostility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal achievement. Associated with nurses' tendency to evaluate themselves negatively, particularly in relation to their work with patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The transformation that occurs in the health care worker who empathically engages with patients' traumatic experiences and their sequelae. Nurses who continuously hear patients' distressing and traumatic stories are at increased risk for secondary traumatization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Activities of everyday living are used by the OT to help people with mental disabilities achieve maximal functioning adn independence at home, in the workplace, or both |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Assist patients in finding activities that help them learn to balance work and play |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The goal is to provide social support and share information relevant to the mental disorder so that the patients can adapt to living with a chronic illness and find ways to remain stable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provide a forum of addressing the daily needs associated with community living, which may take place in an inpatient or community setting |
|
|
Term
| Intensive care/acute psychiatric units (locked units) |
|
Definition
| Treatment emphasis is on short-term, intense therapeutic interventions designed to provide the patient with rapid evaluation and stabilization of symptoms |
|
|
Term
| Child-adolescent psychiatric units |
|
Definition
| Offer comprehensive psychiatric assessment, stabilization, and short-stay intensive treatemtn to children and adolescents between the ages of 2 and 17 who suffer from complex psychiatric conditions such as severe depression, bipolar disorders, eating disorders |
|
|
Term
| Acute substance abuse units |
|
Definition
| Provide detoxification for acute inpatient medical and psychiatric stabilization/treatment of individuals who are seeking help with an identified drug or alcohol problem |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| focus on the treatment of substance abuse and mental illness in a psychiatric hospital setting. Provide detox services |
|
|
Term
| Medical-psychiatric units |
|
Definition
| Designed for mentally ill patients with coexisting medical problems in need of hospitalization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patients on this unit have a psychiatric disorder, plus one or more acute or chronic health conditions, as well as an array of normal age-related physical changes |
|
|
Term
| State psychiatric hospitals |
|
Definition
| Provide long-term treatment to individuals with intellectual and developemental disabilities, chronic psychiatric disabilities, and forensic cases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patients confined to state forensic facilities have a diagnosable mental illness and have been convicted by a court of a criminal offense |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Moderately sized program located in a neighborhood setting that is staffed with nonclinical paraprofessionals who provide specialized services offered within the context of a 24/7 homelike milieu |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Goal of partial hospitalization is to reduce the likelihood of rehospitalization and to facilitate successful integration into a community setting |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The programs are designed to: maintain or enhance current levels of functioning, maintain community living, and develop self-awareness through the exploration and development of intrapersonal strengths and interpersonal relationships |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of how people perceive and use environmental, social, and personal space in interactions with others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Introducing self and asking patient if there is somethign patient would like to talk about (Stage 1 - Allowing patient to decide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Delving further into subject to get more information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| If nurse is not sure what patient is saying "I'm not sure I follow" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When nurse validates the information "sounds like a good plan" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| restating what the patient said |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any event or circumstance that an individual perceives as a threat, loss, or danger |
|
|
Term
| How long does a crisis usually last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between being therapeutic and conducting therapy? |
|
Definition
| Being therapeutic involves active listening, productive silence, repeating back what a client has just said, the use of self. Conducting therapy is offering advice and generating thoughts to change behaviors |
|
|
Term
| Identify 5 basic categories into which psychiatric treatment can be divided |
|
Definition
1. Use of words
2. Use of drugs
3. Use of environment
4. Somatic therapies
5. Behavioral conditioning |
|
|
Term
| What do you ask during a risk assessment phase? |
|
Definition
- Dangerous to self or others?
- Gravely disabled?
- Acutely psychotic?
- Suicidal or homicidal?
If yes, enter hospital-based care, if not enter community based care |
|
|
Term
| What environmental elements fo nurses have control in the creation and maintenance of a therapeutic milieu? |
|
Definition
-Safety from danger or harm
-Structure
-Norms: expected behaviors on the units
-Limit setting: verbal or physical
-Balance: between dependenc and independence
-Environmental modification |
|
|
Term
| How is psychopathology relevant to psychotherapeutic management? |
|
Definition
| Psychopathology is the foundation on which the 3 components of psychotherapeutic management rest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unconcious refusal to admit an unacceptable idea or behavior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unconcious and involuntary forgetting of painful ideas, events, and conflicts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Concious or unconcious attempts to make or prove that one's feelings or behaviors are justifiable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conciously or unconciously using only logical explanations without feelings or an affective component |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Consciously covering up for a weakness by overemphasizing or making up a desirable trait |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A conscious behavior that is the exact opposite of an unconscious feeling |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unconsciously discharging pent-up feelings to a less threatening object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unconsciously (or consciously) blaming someone else for one's difficulties or placing one's unethical desires on someone else |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The unconscious separation of painful feelings and emotions from an unacceptable idea, situation, or object |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unconscious return to an earlier and more comfortable developemental level |
|
|
Term
| Psychodynamic Theory of Anxiety |
|
Definition
| Freud viewed unrealistic or neurotic anxiety as the fear that instincts will cause the individual to do something that results in punishment |
|
|
Term
| Interpersonal theory of anxiety |
|
Definition
| Sullivan regarded individuals as striving for security and relief from anxiety to protect their self-systems |
|
|
Term
| Biologic theory of anxiety |
|
Definition
| Selye found that the effects of stress might be observed by the objective measurement of structural and clinical changes in the body, called general adaptation syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 types of coping methods? |
|
Definition
1. Adaptive
2. Palliative
3. Maladaptive
4. Dysfunctional |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process whereby the nurse shows proficiency in developing cultural awareness, knowledge, and skills to promote effective healthcare |
|
|
Term
| 3 views of causation of illness and disease |
|
Definition
1. Natural
2. Unnatural
3. Scientific |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Recurring patterns of behavior that create disturbing experiences for individuals. Because these behaviors can be culture-based, nurses must be aware of the symptoms to assess patients who are from racially and ethnicallly diverse cultures accurately |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nurse's ability to acknowledge, value, and accept a patient's cultural beliefs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nurse's ability to work within a patient's cultural belief system to develop culturally appropriate interventions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nurse's ability to incorporate cultural preservation and negotiation to identify patient needs, develop expected outcomes, and evaluate outcome plans |
|
|
Term
| 4 elements that must be present for plaintiff to recover damages caused by negligent behavior |
|
Definition
1. Duty to care
2. An obligation of reasonable care
3. Breach of duty
4. Injury proximately caused by breach of duty |
|
|
Term
| 2 general uses for term spirituality |
|
Definition
1. Spirituality in relation to transcedent spirit
2. Spirituality in relation to human spirit |
|
|
Term
| What assessment data would be most significant for a patient with temporal lobe damage? |
|
Definition
| Assess for visual and auditory aphasia. Test if they can understand speech and writing. |
|
|
Term
| What function should the nurse assess for a patient with limbic system damage? |
|
Definition
| Test memory consolidation (short to long term), emotional capacity, and motivational behaviors |
|
|
Term
| If a patient has lesions of the basal ganglia, what observations would the nurse expect to make? |
|
Definition
| Basal ganglia is responsible for controlling precise, voluntary movements and stabilizing motor movements. Lesions result in abnormal motor movement such as in Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease. Lesions of basal ganglia dysfunction occur while at rest. |
|
|
Term
| What symptoms would a nurse expect to find in a person with a cerebellar lesion? |
|
Definition
| The cerebellum coordinates muscle synergy and acitvity but does not initiate movement. Lesions of the cerebellum produce intention tremors on the same side of the body as the lesion. The motor dysfunction occur when the person is attemptign to move. |
|
|
Term
| Explain the function of the reticular activating system. |
|
Definition
-Integrates info from sensory pathways and projects to areas like thalamus and hypothalamus.
-Screening device that allows individuals to tune in some stimuli and out others
-Allows humans to fall asleep (when turned off = coma) |
|
|
Term
| What part of the nervous system do anticholinergic medications inhibit? For what signs and symptoms should the nurse be alert? |
|
Definition
| The parasympathetic nervous system is being inhibited. Anticholinergic cause dilated pupils, decreased lacrimation, dry mouth, tachycardia, and slowing of bowels and bladder. |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of dopamine? |
|
Definition
Located primarily in brain stem.
-Sythesized by tyrosine (dietary amino acid)
-MOA: excitatory
-Controls complex movements, involved in motivation and cognition, regulates emotional response
-Implicated in schizophrenia and movement disorders
-IMPORTANT: antipsychotic meds work by block the dopamine receptors and reducing dopamine acitivity |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of norephinephrine? |
|
Definition
Most prevalent NT in the NS
-MOA: excitatory
-Causes changes in attention, implicated in learning adn memory, sleep and wakefulness, mood
-Primarily located in the brain stem
-Deficit of NE is implicated in anxiety disorders and depression and social withdrawal and memory loss |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of serotonin? |
|
Definition
MOA: inhibitory
-Only found in the brain (no way to test how much so we give meds and see if there is an improvement
-Associated with depression
-Synthesized from tryptophan, a dietary amino acid
-Wakefulness, sleep, mood, sexual behaviors, regulates emotions |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of acetylcholine? |
|
Definition
MOA: excitatory or inhibitory
-Found in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system (particularly plentiful in neuromuscular junction in skeletal muscle)
-Synthesized from dietary intake of choline (red meat)
-Signals muscles to become more alert, controls sleep and wakefulness
-Important in psychiatry because people with alzheimers have low acetylcholine levels, muslces arent alert |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of GABA? |
|
Definition
MOA: Major inhibitory NT in brain
-Amino acid
-Modulates the other neurotransmitters (does not provide direct stimulus) |
|
|
Term
| Why does enlargement of ventricles in the brain occur? |
|
Definition
-Blockage of CSF outflow from within or from the brain
-Overproduction of CSF
-Brain atrophy resulting from the health of large numbers of cortical neurons
-Neurodevelopemental problems
-Enlarged ventricles associated with schizophrenia and alzheimers |
|
|
Term
| What is the significance of the extrapyramidal system in movement disorders associated with psychotropic drug use? |
|
Definition
| Any significant increase or decrease in the level of dopamine can result in extrapyramidal motor changes. Psychotropic drugs reduce the amount of dopamine in the brain. The substantia nigra and the basal ganglia use dopamine to communicate about the ongoing motor activity from the body, so when dopamine is reduced this communication is reduced causing Parkinson's like symptoms. |
|
|
Term
| What do SSRIs do generally? |
|
Definition
| Antidepressants, selectively inhibit serotonin reuptake to increase amount that stays in synaptic cleft |
|
|
Term
| What do Antipsychotics do generally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do antianxiety medications do generally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 objectives for nurses administering psychotropic drugs? |
|
Definition
1. Reduce symptoms
2. Control Side effects
3. Proper education promoting adherence |
|
|
Term
| How is the length of the washout period calculated before a new psychotropic drug can be administered? |
|
Definition
| If a nurse gives the same drug dose at the same time, a steady state is achieved in four half lives. When discontinuing a drug, four half-lives are required to eliminate 96% of the drug. This period is referred to as the washout period. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the anatomic dimension of the blood-brain barrier? |
|
Definition
| Structure of the capillaries that supply blood to brain and prevent many molecules from slipping through, there are no gaps |
|
|
Term
| Describe the physiologic dimension of the blood-brain barrier. |
|
Definition
Chemical and transport system that recognizes and then allows certain molecules into the brain
-Lipid solubility important in determining if it can enter the brain
-Only drugs that are able to pass thorugh are effective in treating psychiatric disorders |
|
|
Term
| Describe the metabolic dimension of the blood-brain barrier. |
|
Definition
| Prevents molecules from entering by enzymatic action within the endothelial lining of the brain capillaries. |
|
|
Term
| Common reasons that psychiatric patients give for not complying with prescribed drug treatment regimens. |
|
Definition
-Sexual dysfunction
-Specific side effects
-Emotional dulling
-Cognitive slowing
-Denial of need
-Fear of becoming addicted
-Religious reasons
-Interferes with work |
|
|
Term
| What are 6 areas for discussion when a nurse is giving medication education? |
|
Definition
1. Side effects
2. Discuss safety issues
3. Attitude of patient and nurse about medications
4. Drug interactions
5. Instructions for older adult patients/pregnant or breast feeding patients
6. Awareness of metabolic differences in diverse races and ethnicities |
|
|
Term
| Sociogenic theory of understanding schizophrenia |
|
Definition
| People who live in inner cities with fewer opportunities and lower education, have fewer rewards, that their lives are so stressful that they can develop schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| Describe reactive psychosis theory of understanding schizophrenia. |
|
Definition
| One time exposure to reactive event |
|
|
Term
| Describe biologic theory of understanding schizophrenia. |
|
Definition
| People with genetic predisposition for schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
Positive symptoms: deviant behaviors are presents
Negative symptoms: normal behaviors are absent, much poorer prognosis than positive symptoms |
|
|
Term
| What are the five DSM IV subtypes of schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
1. Catatonic: Mutism and Hyperexcited
2. Disorganized
3. Paranoied: Persecution and Grandiosity/Delusions
4. Undifferentiated
5. Residual: characteried by one previous episode |
|
|
Term
| What is the physiologic difference between positive (type I) and negative (type II) schizophrenic symptoms? |
|
Definition
Positive (type I)-Believed to be result of elevated dopamine levels affecting the limbic areas of the brain
Negative (type II)-Related to hypodopaminergic process. Can be caused by cortical structural changes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Characterised by both affective and schizophrenic symptoms with substantial loss of occupational and social functioning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Display similar to schizophrenia but delusions have a basis in reality.
-Patients have never met criteria for schizophrenia
-Behavior is relatively normal except in relation to delusions
-Symptoms are not the result of a substance-induced or medical condition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Includes all psychotic disturbances that last less than 1 month and are not related to a mood disorder, a general medical condition or a substance induced disorder. |
|
|
Term
| Schizophreniform disorder |
|
Definition
| Displays symptosm that are typical of schizophrenia and last at least 1 month but no longer than 6 months. This cautious approach spares tha individual the lifelong diagnosis of schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| What 3 groups are personality disorders clustered into? |
|
Definition
1. Cluster A: Characterized by schizoid, odd, eccentric behaviors
2. Cluster B: Characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors
3. Cluster C: Characterized by anxious or fearful behaviors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| False sensory perceptions not associated with real external stimuli, might involve any of the five senses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fixed, false belief, not consistent with the person's intelligence and culture; unamenable to reason |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Absence of energy cause by changes in brain chemistry, anatomy, or both |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Loss of pleasure in activities or interests previously enjoyed; a symptom noted in depression and schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Words similar in sound, but not in meaning, that conjure up new thoughts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psychopathologic repeating words of one person by another; noted in types of schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Imitation of the body position of another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| new word created by the patient for psychological reasons; noted in some types of schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| Traditional antipsychotic drugs |
|
Definition
| Developed between 1950 and 1990, and are further divided based on potency. Essentially, the effects of traditional antipsychotics are r/t the blockade of a specific dopamine receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Newer agents from 1990 on. These agents are referred to as atypical because of the following characteristics: reduced or no risk for EPSEs, increased effectiveness in treating negative symptoms, minimal risk of tardive dyskinesia, reduced or no risk of elevated prolactin. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tract 1: Nigrostratal tract involved in movement and extrapyramidal disorders
Tract 2: Tuberoinfundibular tract modulates pituatary function and involved in neuroendocrine control and raised prolactin levels
Tract 3: Mesolimbic tact involved in emotional and sensory
Tract 4: Mesocortical tract involved in cognitive process |
|
|
Term
| What are concerns when taking Clozapine? |
|
Definition
| Can cause agranulocytosis, a potentially fatal illness |
|
|
Term
| What are the indications for use of benzodiazepines? |
|
Definition
| They reduce anxiety, promote sleep, and can produce hypnosis and amnesia |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between Buspirone and benzodiazepines? |
|
Definition
| Unlike Benzos, Buspirone is not sedating, does not cause a high so has little abuse potential, has no cross-tolerance with sedatives or alcohol, does not produce dependence, withdrawal, or tolerance; but Busprione has delayed onset of antianxiety effect compared with benzodiazepines. |
|
|
Term
| What difference in drug metabolism makes lorazepam and oxazepam good choices for treating anxiety in older adult patients? |
|
Definition
| The metabolites in these drugs are inactive so the effects of the drug do not persist. |
|
|
Term
| Discuss the nursing care that would be provided to a patient who has overdosed on benzodiazepines and alcohol. |
|
Definition
| Effective overdose treatment begins with emptying the stomach by induced vomiting and gastric lavage, followed by activated charcoal. The nurse should monitor BP, Pulse, and respirations and provide supportive care as indicated |
|
|
Term
| What specific interventions would be necessary if the patient receives flumazenil (Romazicon)? |
|
Definition
| A response to flumazenil typically occurs within 30 to 60 seconds. 2 important considerations are that 1) it does not speed up the metabolism or excretion of benzodiazepines and 2) it has a short duration of action, so the patient could recover only to return to a preflumazenil state if not monitored by nurse |
|
|
Term
| What makes the use of SSRIs attractive for the treatment of anxiety disorders? |
|
Definition
| SSRI effectiveness in panic and other anxiety disorders can be partially explained by serotonin’s role in up-regulating GABA transmission in the prefrontal cortex. By up-regulating inhibitory neurons, a more inhibitory effect can be expected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patterns of symptoms and behaviors in which anxiety is either the primary disturbance or a second problem that is recognized when the primary symptoms are removed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patients have physical symptoms for which there is no known organic cause or physiologic mechanism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mental states where identity, memory, or consciousness is disturbed or altered. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Positive internal motivations for a patient to report symptoms (medical reason to justify being unable to perform a task patient will feel better) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Positive external motivations that a patient may have for reporting symptoms (missing work, obtaining drugs |
|
|
Term
| Identify a comprehensive list of nursing measures to relieve anxiety |
|
Definition
1. Provide a calm and quiet environment
2. Ask patients to identify what and how they feel
3. Encourage patients to describe and discuss their feelings
4. Help patients identify possible causes of their feelings
5. Listen carefully for patients’ expressions of helplessness and hopelessness
6. Ask patients whether they feel suicidal or have a plan to hurt themselves.
7. Plan and involve patients in activities such as going for walks and playing recreational games. |
|
|
Term
| Describe nursing interventions to help patients replace dysfunctional coping methods with effective coping strategies |
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Definition
• Discuss with patients their present and previous coping mechanisms.
• Discuss with patients the meaning of problems and conflicts
• Use supportive confrontation and teaching.
• Assist patients with exploring alternative solutions and behaviors.
• Encourage patient to test new adaptive coping behaviors through role-playing or implementation.
• Teach patients relaxation exercises.
• Promote the use of hobbies and recreational activities |
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Term
| Identify specific nursing interventions for a patient experiencing a panic attack |
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Definition
1. Stay with the patient who is having a panic attack, and acknowledge the patient’s discomfort.
2. Maintain a calm style and demeanor.
3. Speak in short, simple sentences, and give one direction at a time in a calm tone of voice.
4. If the patient is hyperventilating, provide a brown paper bag and focus on breathing with the patient.
5.Allow patients to pace or cry, which enables the release of tension and energy.
6. Communicate to patients that you are in control and will not let anything happen to them.
7. Move or direct patients to a quieter, less-stimulating environment. Do no touch these patients; touching can increase feelings of panic.
8. Ask patients to express their perceptions or fears about what is happening to them |
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Term
| Identify key nursing interventions for a patient with obsessive-compulsive disorder |
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Definition
1. Ensure that basic needs of food, rest, and grooming are met.
2. Provide patients with time to perform rituals.
3. Explain expectations, routines, and changes.
4. Be empathic toward patients and be aware of their need to perform rituals.
5. Assist patients with connecting behaviors and feelings.
6. Structure simple activities, games, or tasks for patients.
7. Reinforce and recognize positive nonritualistic behaviors. |
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Term
| Discuss key nursing interventions for a patient with ASD or PTSD |
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Definition
1. Be nonjudgemental and honest; offer empathy and support; acknowledge any unfairness or injustices related to the trauma.
2. Assure patients that their feelings and behaviors are typical reactions to serious trauma.
3. Help patients recognize the connections between the trauma experience and their current feelings, behaviors are typical reactions to serious trauma.
4. Help patients evaluate past behaviors in the context of the trauma, not in the context of current values and standards.
5. Encourage safe verbalization of feelings, especially anger.
6. Encourage adaptive coping strategies, exercise, relaxation techniques, and sleep-promoting strategies.
7. Facilitate progressive review (imaginal or in vivo) of the trauma and its consequences.
8. Encourage patients to establish or reestablish relationships |
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Term
| Devise a general list of nursing interventions for patients with somatoform disorders |
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Definition
1. Use a matter-of-fact, caring approach when providing care for physical symptoms.
2. Ask patients how they are feeling, and ask them to describe their feelings.
3. Assist patients with developing more appropriate ways to verbalize feelings and needs.
4. Use positive reinforcement, and set limits by withdrawing attention from patients when they focus on physical complaints or make unreasonable demands.
5. Be consistent with patients, and have all requests directed to the primary nurse providing care.
6. Use diversion by including patients in milieu activities and recreational games.
7. Do not push awareness of or insight into conflicts or problems. |
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Term
|
Definition
Neuromodulator
-Role in allergic response, GI secretions
-Some psychiatric meds blocks histamine, which causes sedation, weight gain, and hypotension |
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Term
|
Definition
| Endorphins and Enkephalins, Substance P, Somatostatin |
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Term
|
Definition
| 4 spaces within the brain |
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Term
|
Definition
Sense of smell
Motor control
Higher mental ability
Expressive language |
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Term
|
Definition
| Sensation such as touch, temperature pressure, pain |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Interpreting visual stimuli and information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Posture, coordination, muscle tone, memory of skills/habits |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 important facts about schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
1. High probability that it will become apparent in late adolescence or early adulthood remember it appears early, often seen in adolescence when brain maturation is nearly complete.
2. Stress is believed to play a role in onset and relapse
3. Dopamine antagonist drugs are therapeutically effective |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 phases of schizophrenia? |
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Definition
1. Acute phase with severe symptoms
2. Stabilizing phase in which patient improves
3. Stable phase in which symptoms might still be present but are not as severe and disabling |
|
|
Term
| What are common stressors that trigger schizophrenia? |
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Definition
1. Biologic: medical illness
2. Psychosocial: loss of a relationship
3. Sociocultural: homelessness
4. Emotional: persistent criticism |
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Term
|
Definition
| Motor restlessness, generally expressed as the inability to sit still caused by the dopamine blockade by ceratin types of neuroleptic medications (an extrapyramidal side effect) |
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Term
|
Definition
| Disturbed disorientation and motor activity, usually producing a jerky motion; an EPSE of neuropleptic medications related to their effect on dopamine receptors |
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Term
|
Definition
| Extrapyramidal syndrome that usually emerges late in the course of long term antipsychotic drug therapy; includes grimacing, buccolingual movements, and dystonia; might be irreversible |
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Term
| neuroleptic malignant syndrome |
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Definition
| A serious adverse effect of antipsychotic drugs. The nurse should routinely assess for NMS by taking the patient's temp and evaluating rigidity and tremors. |
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|
Term
| What is the MOA for Lithium? |
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Definition
| Lithium inhibits the release of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine while facilitating their reuptake into presynaptic terminals |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA for Valproates? |
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Definition
| Increase the inhibitory role of GABA, Suppression of sodium influc into the neuron, and suppression of calcium influx through specific calclium channels |
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Term
|
Definition
| Effective for people who don't respond to lithium or valproates. Should not be taken with SSRIs-can cause serious toxic efects |
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|
Term
| What is the therapeutic range for lithium? |
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Definition
| 0.6-1.2 mEq/L, levels higher than 1.5mEq/L can be toxic, but typically moderate to severe toxicity only after blood levels exceed 2mEq/L |
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|
Term
| What is the relationship between sodium and lithium level? |
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Definition
| If dietary sodium intake increases, plasma lithium levels will likely drop, because lithium is excreted more rapidly. If sodium in the diet decreases, or if sodium is lost in ways other than through the kidneys, lithium levels increase. |
|
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Term
| What are 3 drugs that can elevate serum lithium levels? |
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Definition
1. Diuretics
2. NSAIDs
3. Indomethacin |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 drugs that can lower serum lithium levels? |
|
Definition
1. Alcohol
2. Acetazolamide
3. Caffeine |
|
|
Term
| How often is Lithium effective? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, MAOIs achieve their antidepressants effects? |
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Definition
1. SSRIs: Blocks the reuptake of serotonin
2. SNRIs: At lower doses they inhibit serotonin reuptake; at moderate to high doses, norepinephrine reuptake is inhibited.
3. TCAs: Block the reuptake of both norepinephrine and serotonin
4. MAOIs: only neurotransmitter that inhibit neurotransmitter breakdown as their primary mechanism of action |
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Term
| Why are SSRIS the first-line of treatment for depression? |
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Definition
| They have fewer side effects than TCAs and are far less dangerous than MAOIs. They also have fewer anticholinergic, cardiovascular, and sedating side effects. |
|
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Term
| Which class of antidepressants are of most concern relative to patient using them in a suicide attempt? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the antidote for severe TCA poisoning? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of MAOIs? |
|
Definition
1. CNS hyperstimulation
2. Hypotension
3. Anticholinergic effects
4. Hepatic and hematologic dysfunction |
|
|
Term
| How should a nurse expect to manage hypertensie crisis? |
|
Definition
1. Discontinue MAOIs and contact physician
2. Monitor vital signs
3. Have the patient walk
4. Manage fever by external cooling
5. Institute supportive nursing care |
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Term
| Major Depressive Disorder |
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Definition
| Characterized by one or more major depressive episodes, which are defined as at least 2 weeks of depressed mood or loss of interest accompanied by at least 4 additional symptoms of depression. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Characterized by at least 2 years of depressed mood for more days (ex/more than 50% of the time) than not accompanied by additional depressive symptoms, but that does not meet the criteria for major depression. Dysthymia is a disorder of chronicity. |
|
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Term
| DSM-IV-TR criteria for major depressive disorder |
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Definition
Symptoms that persist over a minimum of a 2-week period. A person must have at least 5 of the 9 criteria:
1. Depressed mood
2. Anhedonia
3. Significant change in weight
4. Insomnia or hypersomia
5. Increased or decreased psychomotor activity
6. Fatigue or energy loss
7. Feelings of worthlessness or guilt
8. Diminished concentration or indeciveness
9. Recurrent death or suicidal thoughts |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Mood disturbance of depression that generally occurs in younger populations and is more common in women. Expressed by increased apetite, weight gain, hypersomnia, leaden, paralysis, and extreme sensitivity. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A disturbance of depression most often in older adults that might be misdiagnosed as dementia. The type of depression is characterized by anhedonia and an ability to be cheered up. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Marked by significant psychomotor alterations, including immobility, excessive motor activity, mutism, echolalia, and inappropriate posturing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Mood disturbance that occurs during the first 30 days postpartum. It is the most comon medial complication of childbearing. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A person has delusions and hallucinations in conjunction with mood disturbances. These perceptions tend to be mood congruent-perceptual problems delusions of guilt, delusions of deserved punishment, nihilistic delusion, and delusions of poverty. |
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|
Term
| Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) |
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Definition
| Depression occurring in conjunction with a seasonal change most often beginning in fall or winter and remitting in spring. |
|
|
Term
| Describe 3 specific cultural variations in expression of depressive symptoms that a nurse might encounter. |
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Definition
A. Hispanic, Latino, and Mediterranean goups might descrive their sadness or guilt in terms of being nervous or having headaches and stomach
B. Individuals from Asian cultures might describe themselves as being out of balance or feeling weak and nervous
C. Native American and Asian: American groups withdraw fro meditation and personal growth as part their culture, so symptoms of depression my be overlooked, ignored or denied |
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Term
| Biologic theories of depression |
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Definition
| Depression might result from or cause atrophy of specific brain locations. For example, loss or neuron and white matter in the frontal lobes, cerebellum, and basal ganglia has been identified by a number scientists. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 different physiologic theories of depression? |
|
Definition
1. Psychoanalytic: Depression occurs as a result from an early life loss
2. Cognitive: Depression results when a person perceives stressful situations as being negative
3. Interpersonal: When a person has interpersonal difficulties, coping with individuals, life events, and life change scan be inordinately stressful and lead to depression
4. Behavioral: a person develops depression wehn he or she develops feelings of helplessness and unworthiness and then learns to use these attributes to evaluate life outcomes. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The presence of at least one psychiatric disorder in addition to a substance abuse or dependency problem |
|
|
Term
| What effect do alcohol and other substances of abuse have on the symptoms of schizophrenia? |
|
Definition
| Alcohol can increase the positive symptoms of schizophrenia |
|
|
Term
| How should a nurse conduct an interview with an individual suspected to have a substance-related problem? |
|
Definition
-Approach patient in a manner encouraging forthrightness
-Be matter-of-fact and nonjudgemental
-Display genuine concern to counter defensiveness
-Be aware of your own feelings and attitudes to avoid projecting them onto the patient
-Be careful of phrasing: for example labels like addict or alcoholic
-Evaluate patient's consumption in more detail if initial assessment data identifies high risk |
|
|
Term
| What are the psychopharmacologic treatments for alcohol and drug related disorders? |
|
Definition
-Disulfiram: makes drinking painful
-Naltrexone: decreases the pleasure of drinking
-Acamprosate: restores the chemical balance balance in the alcoholic brain
-Topiramate: Reduces the craving for alcohol
-Odansetron: Reduces the rewarding aspect of alcohol |
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Term
|
Definition
-Severe and can cause death
-Symptoms begin 8-12 hours after last dose
-Minor symptoms: anxiety, muscle twitching, tremor, progressive weaknes
-Serious symptoms: convulsions, delirium
-Untreated withdrawal symptoms might not decline in intensity for 1 week
-Detox requires cautious and gradual reduction of these drugs |
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|
Term
| Important aspects of nurse-patient relationship associated with the treatment of individuals with substance-related disorders. |
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Definition
-Nurses can help with coping skills
-Need to establish a trusting therapeutic relationship
-Be genuine, single most important thing
-Express empathy and provide a safe environment
-Engender empathy and provide a safe environment
-Confront denial and manage manipulation |
|
|
Term
| Explain the neurobiologic reasons for the cognitive impairment of Alzheimer’s disease. |
|
Definition
| Neuronal death and neurotransmitter deficiency |
|
|
Term
| What neurotransmitter is the primary target of drug treatment of mild to moderate AD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Explain how inhibition of cholinesterase is of benefit to individuals with AD |
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Definition
| Cholinesterase breaks down acetylcholine into inactive metabolites. Because a loss of acetylcholine is the primary neurotransmitter loss in AD, attempting to prevent the breakdown of acetylcholine has proven to be effective. |
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Term
| What is the advantage of a drug that selectively inhibits AChE while not inhibiting BChE? |
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Definition
| • Drugs that inhibit both ChEs have greater potential for causing unnecessary and often adverse effects. For example, inhibiting BChE produces nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, facial flushing, sweating, rhinitis, bradychardia, and leg cramps |
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|
Term
| List the drugs currently under discussion as having some possible efficacy in preventing AD. |
|
Definition
-NSAIDs: Some researchers believe that one of the ways in which neurons die is r/t low-burner inflammatory process. Some evidence that long-term use (more than 2 years) can play a preventative role if initiated 2 years or more before neurodegeneration begins.
-Statins: Some clinicians believe there is a relationship between high cholesterol levels and AD.
-Estrogen: Some researchers believe the decrease in estrogen level after menopause increases the risk of women developing AD.
-B and E vitamins: No real evidence that this helps. |
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|
Term
| In general, how do the symptoms of personality disorders differ from those of psychoses? |
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Definition
| Criteria for a personality disorder include experiences and behaviors that are very different from those that are usually expected in an individuals culture. The individual must have disturbances in two of the following areas: cognition, affect, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control. |
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|
Term
| For what reasons do individuals with personality disorders seek treatment? |
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Definition
| Not to change their personality, but want help for depression, anxiety, somatic symptoms, alcohol and chemical dependence and difficulties in work and personal relationships. |
|
|
Term
| Identify the descriptive features for each cluster of personality disorders |
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Definition
| Cluster A is characterized by odd or eccentric behaviors. Cluster B is characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors. Cluster C is characterized by anxious or fearful behaviors. |
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Term
| Describe the clinical picture of an individual with paranoid PD, schizoid PD, and schizotypal PD. Describe nursing interventions and psychotherapeutic management for patients with each of these diagnoses. |
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Definition
-Paranoid Personality Disorder: suspicious and mistrustful of other people. Quick to respond with anger or rage if they feel threatened.
-Schizoid PD: These people keep people at an emotional distance and are loners and shy. The nurse-patient relationship should focus on trust, followed by identification and appropriate verbal expression of feelings. Slowly involving the patient in milieu and group activities, if possible, might help increase social skills.
-Schizotypal PD: These patient might have problems in thinking, perceiving, and communicating. They may appear and behave eccentrically, and are sensitive to the behavior of others. Interventions offering support, kindness, and gentle suggestions will help the patient become involved in activities with others. It is essential for the nurse to help the patient improve interpersonal relationships, social skills, and appropriate behaviors. Vocational counseling and assistance with job placement increase the patient’s opportunity for success. |
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Term
| Describe the clinical picture of an individual with antisocial PD. What biologic findings explain some of the behaviors and traits demonstrated by the antisocial individual? Identify unique aspects of the nurse-patient relationship that make working with antisocial patients particularly challenging. |
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Definition
| The main feature of antisocial personality disorder is a pattern of disregard for the rights of others, which is often demonstrated by repeated violations of the law. They abuse alcohol and other substances and can be promiscuous and feel no guilt about hurting others. Lying, cheating, and stealing are common. The nurse can initiate the therapeutic process by setting firm limits. These patients try to manipulate staff and bend rules for their own desires and needs. The nurse must be steadfast and consistent in confronting behaviors and enforcing rules and policies. |
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Term
| Describe the full range of symptoms and behaviors demonstrated by individuals with borderline PD. |
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Definition
| Features of borderline personality disorder include emotional dysregulation, anger, impulsivity, unstable relationships, identity or self-image disturbance, abandonments fears, self-mutilation, and suicidality. |
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Term
| How do biologic, environmental, and stress-related factors interact to produce the behaviors demonstrated by individuals with borderline PD? |
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Definition
| Biologic studies have indicated neurotransmitter dysregulation of the serotonin system, as seen in affective disturbances and impulsive behaviors. BPD is highly inheritable. Environmental factors include a chaotic home environment. Stress-related events might trigger the individual’s genetically based vulnerable temperament and create misery and frustration. |
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|
Term
| Discuss psychotherapeutic management, milieu management, and psychopharmacology used in the treatment of an individual with borderline PD. |
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Definition
| The use of empathy by the nurse while maintaining clear boundaries is important in establishing a relationship with the patient diagnosed with BPD. With the nurse’s assistance, the patient can identify and verbalize feelings, control negative behaviors, and slowly begin to replace them with appropriate actions. The use of a behavioral contract to decrease self-injurious behaviors in inpatient and outpatient settings provides the patient with clear expectations of behavior. |
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|
Term
| Compare and contrast the clinical pictures of an individual with narcissistic PD with an individual with histrionic PD. What are the similarities in nursing care? What are the differences? |
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Definition
-The patient with narcissistic PD displays grandiosity about his or her importance and achievements, while histrionic PD dramatizes events and draws attention to self.
-In histrionic PD, the nurse must provide support to facilitate independent problem solving and daily functioning and use positive reinforcement in the for of attention, recognition, or praise for unselfish or other-centered behaviors.
-In narcissistic Pd the nurse must use supportive confrontation to point our discrepencies between that which the patient says and that which actually exists to increase responsibility for self. Limit setting and consistency in approach are used to decrease manipulation and entitlement behaviors. |
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Term
| What are the dynamics underlying the dependent individual’s behaviors? What nursing measures can be helpful? |
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Definition
| Main characteristics are pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behaviors and fears of separation. The nurse slowly works on decision-making with the patient to increase responsibility for self in daily living. Patient also needs help with anxiety management and assertiveness. |
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|
Term
| What nursing interventions should be planned when an individual with an avoidant personality seeks help? |
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Definition
| The nurse supports and directs the patient in accomplishing small goals. Helping the patient to be assertive and develop social skills is necessary. Because of the patient’s anxiety, relaxation techniques are taught to enable the person to be successful in interactions. |
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|
Term
| What aspects of the personality of an individual with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder might a nurse find frustrating? |
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Definition
| There is little give-and-take in their interactions with others, and they are rigid, controlling, and cold. The patient is serious about all of his or her activities, so having fun or experiencing pleasure is difficult. |
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|
Term
| What nursing interventions should be planned when working with the individual with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder? |
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Definition
| The nurse needs to support the patient in exploring his or her feelings and in attempting new experiences and situations. The nurse helps the patient with decision-making and encourages follow-through behavior. |
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|
Term
| What is the most abused prescription drug in teh military? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the extent of violence and trauma in the United States? |
|
Definition
| Violence of all forms is present in our society. Regardless of the nurses area of practice, nurses will come into contact with victims in all aspects of their life. |
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|
Term
| Describe commonalities in the emotional reactions of adult victims of crime, terrorism, torture, and rape |
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Definition
| Common reactions are denial, fear, anxiety, anger, powerlessness, and depression. A sense of failure and guilt is common, victims wonder what they did to cause the crime and how they might have prevented or stopped it |
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|
Term
| Discuss workplace violence in terms of what nurses are likely to experience. What do you think can be done about this problem? |
|
Definition
| Workplace violence includes verbal abuse, sexual harassment, stalking, assault and battery, rape, and murder perpetrated by patients or their visitors, other employees, former or current partners of employees, and intruders from the outside looking for specific items, such as money or drugs |
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|
Term
| What are the stages of recovery from violence and trauma? |
|
Definition
1. Initial disorganization
2. Struggle to adapt (recoil)
3. Reconstruction (reorganization) |
|
|
Term
| What nursing interventions are appropriate for each stage of recovery from violence and trauma? |
|
Definition
1. Impact stage = the focus in on the survivor’s need for physical safety and emotional security. Reassurance, protection from further harm, and sometimes medical care is needed. Survivors might need clear, simple directions on what to do, where to go, and what to avoid.
2. Recoil stage = Survivors need validation of their worth and rights as victims. Referrals can be made to a victim’s assistance program and for legal, insurance, or financial assistance, if needed. Support groups with other survivors can be useful
3. Reorganization stage = most survivors are able to recover and grow with minimal assistance. Long term counseling is sometimes needed to overcome anxiety, phobias, depression, suicidal ideation, or other posttraumatic symptoms. |
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|
Term
| How does the nature of the problem of terrorism differ from the nature of the problem of rape? |
|
Definition
| Rape is an underreported crime in the United States, probably only about 33% of rapes are reported. It is estimated that 1 in 4 adult women have been raped in their lifetime |
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|
Term
| What is the cycle of violence for abusive relationships? |
|
Definition
1. Tension Building
2. Serious battering incident
3. Honeymoon |
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|
Term
| What are the possible causes of sexual dysfunctions? |
|
Definition
| Can occur as a result of emotional or physiologic factors, or both. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A condition in which the sexual instinct is expressed in ways that are socially prohibited or unacceptable or are biologically undesirable |
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|
Term
| When is the nurse most likely to have contact with an individual with paraphilia? |
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Definition
| When patient is seeking inpatient treatment because of a distinct axis 1 diagnosis that does not reflect a sexual disorder. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Recurrent intense sexual urges and sexually arousing fantasies involving sexual activity with children. The psychological features or motivations underlying pedophilic behavior are varied and may include impaired inhibition; social anxiety; poor self-confidence; history of being abused; cognitive disorders, and cluster A, B, and C, personality disorder traits. The goal of treatment is to stop offenses against chidren rather than to change sexual orientation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Incest is pedophilia with child and adolescent relatives and involves relationships by blood, marriage (stepparents), or live-in partners. The characteristics of the perpetrator of incest are as varied as those of the pedophile. Treatment is offered to victims and spouses do not hate the abuser and do not want others to condemn them. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The primary characteristics of exhibition is sexual pleasure derived from exposing one’s genitals to an unsuspecting stranger. The exhibitionist is stimulated by the effect of chocking the victim. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The primary characteristic of voyeurism is sexual pleasure derived from observing unsuspecting people who are naked or undressing or who are engaged in sexual activity. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| The primary characteristic of fetishism is the sexual pleasure derived from inanimate objects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The primary characteristic of frotteurism is sexual pleasure derived from touching or rubbing one’s gentials against a nonconsenting individual’s thighs or buttocks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The primary characteristic of sexual masochism is the sexual pleasure derived from being humiliated, beaten, or otherwise made to suffer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The primary characteristic of sexual sadism is sexual pleasure derived from inflicting psychological or physical suffering on another. |
|
|
Term
| Medications for men with arousal disorders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medications for pedophiles |
|
Definition
| Provera and LPA (luteinizing inhibiting hormone) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Citalopram
Escitalopram
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Fluvoxamine
Paroxetine (Paxil)
Sertraline (Zoloft)
Viibryd (Vilazodone) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Desvenlafaxine (Pristiq)
Duloxetine (Cymbalta)
Milnacipran (Savella)
Velafaxine (Effexor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
Phenelzine (Nardil)
Tranylcypromine (Parnate) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Amitriptyline (Elavil)
Amoxapine (Asendin)
Desipramine
Imipramine (Tofranil) |
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|
