Term
| What is the common name for spastic paresis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is spastic paresis recessive or dominant? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of spastic paresis? When does it present? |
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Definition
-hock and stifle hyperextended caudally with tonic/spastic contraction of gastroc and SDE
-6w-1y
-begins unilaterally and progresses to bilateral |
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Term
| What are the treatment options for spastic paresis? |
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Definition
-Surgery: partial tibial neurectomy, SDF tenotomy
-DO NOT BREED |
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Term
| What are the common names for spastic syndrome? |
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Definition
-Periodic spasticity
-Barn cramps |
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Term
| Is spastic syndrom recessive or dominant? Which breeds are affected? |
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Definition
-autosomal recessive
-dairy >> beef > sheep |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of spastic syndrome? |
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Definition
-msucle spasms and extension of both hind limbs
-adult cattle 3-7 years |
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Term
| How do we treat spastic syndrome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What other congenital issues are seen with arthrogryposis? |
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Definition
-cleft palate
-scoliosis
-hydrancephaly |
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Term
| What viruses cause arthrogryposis? Which breeds are predisposed? |
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Definition
-BVD and Bluetongue
-Angus, Charolais, Hereford, Simmental, Merino sheep |
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Term
| What toxic plants can cause arthrogryposis? |
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Definition
| -Lupine, Sudan grass, Senecio, Locoweed |
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Term
| What are the clinical signs of arthrogryposis? |
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Definition
-irreducivle rigid flexuaral deformitis
-forelimb carpus and fetlock > hindlimb |
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Term
| How do we treat arthrogryposis? |
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Definition
-don't
-avoid similar breeding |
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Term
| What is tibial hemimelia? In which breed does it occur? |
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Definition
-autosomal recessive condition in which there is a lack of development of tibia )also has abdominal hernia and neural tube defects)
-Galloways, Shorthorns |
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Term
| What are some of the Angus Congenital Defects? |
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Definition
-Curly calf: arthrogryposis multiplex
-Water head: neuropathic hydrocephalus
-Fawn calf: contractural arachnodactlyly
-Double muscling: myostatin nt821 gene deletion
-Developmental duplication |
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Term
| What is the common name for muscular hyperplasia? What is it? |
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Definition
-double muscling
-large number of muscle fibers of normal size |
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Term
| What breeds are affected by muscular hyperplasia? |
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Definition
-Piedmontese
-Belgian White and Blue
-Charolais
-Angus |
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Term
| What are the disadvantages of double msucling? |
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Definition
-dystocia
-underdeveloped repro systems
-delayed puberty
-inc duration of gestation
-inc morbidity and mortality: inc susceptibility to stress, dec HW:BW, macroglossia interferes with suckle |
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Term
| What is the common name for nutritional myodegeneration? What causes it? |
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Definition
-White muscle dz
-dec Selenium and/r vit E |
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Term
| What are some dietary predisposing factors for nutritional myodegeneration? |
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Definition
-acidic, volcanic soil
-high [sulfur] in soil or fertilizer
-prolonged grain storage
-milk replacer: fish oil, soybean, or corn oil |
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Term
| Describe the clinical presentation of the cardiac form of nutritional myodegeneration? Skeletal form? |
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Definition
-Cardiac form: sudden death of best looking calves
-Skeletal form: weakness, stiffness, tremors, swollen painful muscles, respiratory distress once it involves the diaphragm |
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Term
| How do we diagnose nutritional myodegeneration? |
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Definition
-age, clinical signs, history
-elevated CK, AST, LDH
-Myoglobinuria
-dec whole blood selenium levels
-dec serum vit E levels
-Glutathione peroxidase levels
-post mortem: pale, dry, white streaks in muscles |
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Term
| How do we treat nutritional myodegeneration? How do we control it? |
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Definition
-Vit E and Se with support
-Se in ration, intraruminal Se bolus, Se injections |
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Term
| What bacterium is responsibel for Clostridial myositis aka Blackleg? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do we diagnose blackleg antemortem? |
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Definition
-crepitation: affected mm
-fever: toxemia
-lameness or recumbency |
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Term
| How do we diagnose blackleg postmortem? |
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Definition
-areas of black muscle necross
-odor of rancid butter
-impression smear: large G+ rods
-aspirates: Fluorescent Ab, anaerobic bacterial culture |
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Term
| How do we treat clostridial myositis? |
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Definition
-rarely possible
-procaine penicillin, NSAIDs, remove necrotic tissue
-euthanasia |
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Term
| What is the prognosis for clostridial myositis? How do we prevent and control it? |
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Definition
-guarded to grave
-vaccination, butn carcasses |
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Term
| What is the common name for exertional rhabdomyolysis? Clinical signs? Treatment? |
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Definition
-capture syndrome
-CS: stiffness, sore, swollen, painful mm
-Tx: rest, NSAIDs |
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Term
| What causes Downers/Crush Syndrome? |
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Definition
-ischemic muscle/nerve injry secondary to prolonged recumbency
-can occur with as little as 6 hours of recumbency
-often the reason for poor outcome |
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Term
| How do we diagnose crush syndrome? |
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Definition
-firm, swollen mm
-loss of function
-inc CK, inc AST |
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Term
| How do we treat crush syndrome? |
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Definition
-treat underlying cause
-soft bedding with frequent recumbency change
-slings, hip lifts, float tank
-supportive care |
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