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Hereditary Genes
Terms and Definitions
29
Biology
12th Grade
01/15/2010

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Term
Heredity
Definition
The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
Term
Genes
Definition
Produce or influence a specific trait in offspring.
Term
Hybrids
Definition
offspring that differ from their parents in one or more traits from the union of two different species.
Term
Dominant
Definition
Genes determine the expression of the genetic trait in offspring.
Term
Recessive
Definition
Genes that are overruled by dominant genes which determine the genetic trait.
Term
Segregation
Definition
The seperation of paired genes during meiosis.
Term
Genotype
Definition
The genes an organism contains.
Term
Phenotype
Definition
The observable (look) traits of an organism
Term
Homozygous
Definition

A genotype in which both genes of a pair are identical.

EX:BB-bb

Term
Heterozygous
Definition
A genotype in which the gene pairs are different.
Term
Alleles
Definition
Two or more alternate forms of a gene.
Term
A Punnet Square
Definition
A chart used by geneticists to show the possible combinations of traits in offspring.
Term
Gregor Mendel
Definition
An Austrian monk that founded genetics by testing on pea plants in 1842.
Term
Trait
Definition
The characteristics or propertys of some object.
Term
Pollination
Definition
When pollen grains from the anthers of a male plant are transferred to the stigma of a female plant.
Term
Anthers
Definition
The male reproductive parts of a plant.
Term
Stigma
Definition
The female reproductive parts of a plant.
Term

Self Pollination

Definition
When pollen is transferred from the anthers to the stigma of the same flower or a flower on the same plant. 
Term
Cross-Pollination
Definition
Involves flowers of two seperate plants.
Term
Strain
Definition
Denotes plants that are pure for a specific trait.
Term
Probability
Definition
The likelihood that a specific event will occur.
Term
Phenotypic Ratio
Definition
The ratio of the offsprings phenotype.
Term
Genotypic Ratio
Definition
The ratio of the offsprings genotype.
Term
Testcross
Definition
An individual of unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous reccessive individual.
Term
Incomplete Dominance
Definition
When the F1 generation has a phenotype in between that of the parents.
Term
Complete Dominance
Definition
When on allele is completely dominant over the other.
Term
Codominance
Definition
When both alleles for a gene are expressed in a heterozygous offspring.
Term
A Monohybrid Cross
Definition
One gene pair of contrasting traits.
Term

Dihybrid Cross

Definition
A cross between individuals that involves two pairs of contrasting traits.
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