Term
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Definition
| detox, metabolism, protein synthesis, glucogen storage, bile production, hormones, first pass metabolism |
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Term
| reasons for Liver as target for toxicity |
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Definition
| first pass metabolism and bioactivation |
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Term
| risk factors for hepatotoxicity |
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Definition
| alcoholism, diabetes, hepatitis, hepatic dysfuction |
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Term
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Definition
| toxic substance but is usually eliminated before causing toxicity unless there is compounding factor |
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Term
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Definition
| attaches to albumin in the blood for transport into hepatocyte before becoming "conjugated" to glucuronic acid, conjugated moves out of hepatocyte and excreted as urobilinogen |
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Term
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Definition
| conjugated bilirubin is broken down by intestinal flora and is excreted in stool, some by kidney |
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Term
| Rifampin, sulfonamides, Novobiocin |
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Definition
| drugs that interfere with bilirubin handling |
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Term
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Definition
| increases conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin by blocking the transport in and out of the hepatocyte, may also increase glucuronyl transferase enzematic activity |
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Term
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Definition
| increases just unconjugated bilirubin by competing for albumin binding causing kernicterus that deposit in brain and result in perminant damage (clonic seizures, jaundice) |
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Term
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Definition
| increases just unconjgated bilirubin by inhibiting UDP glucuronyl transferase also causing kernicterus and brain damage...pulled from market |
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Term
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Definition
| Toxic metabolite produced in overdose amounts that forms covalent bonds with liver proteins causing necrosis and scarring |
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Term
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Definition
| similar hepatocellular damage as APAP |
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Term
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Definition
| interruption of secretion or flow of bile that results in jaundice and puritis, does not cause cell death just bile production |
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Term
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Definition
| Non-dose-related hypersensitivity resulting in jaundice lasting up to 1-4wks as well as rash, fever, esinophilia and blood discrasias |
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Term
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Definition
| dose-related hypersensitivity causing mild and reversible jaundice once drug is removed |
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Term
| ethanol-induced steatosis |
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Definition
| heavy drinkers overwhelm acetaldehyde dehydrogenase system shifting to MEOS where NADH accumulates and signals cells to halt fat breakdown and increase fat storage within liver |
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Term
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Definition
| induces steatosis by inhibiting protein synthesis, notably transporters of VLDL after large IV doses |
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Term
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Definition
| usually reversible, acute lasts less than 3 months and chronic lasts more than 3 months but both typically resolve |
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Term
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Definition
| may progress to acute liver failure |
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Term
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Definition
| may progress to scarring and cirrhosis that is permanent |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic liver disease (chlestasis, steatosis, hepatitis) causing liver tissue to be replaced by fibrous, scar tissue that is irreversible |
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Term
| methotrexate, amiodarone, methyldopa |
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Definition
| causes chronic liver disease and cirrhosis |
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Term
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Definition
| lyposomal storage disorder where there is excess accumulation of phospholipid in tissue |
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Term
| drug-induced phospholipidosis |
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Definition
| trapping or selective uptake of drug into lysosomes causing accumulation of drug-phospholipid complex within lysosomal membranes |
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Term
| erythromycin, amiodarone, fluoxetine, imipramine, haloperidol, chlormeprazine |
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Definition
| drugs that cause phospholipidosis and QT prolongation |
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Term
| chloroquine, hydroxychloraquine, and quinine |
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Definition
| drugs that cause phospholipidosis, myopathy and neurological damage |
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Term
| gentamycin, tobramycin and amikacin; aminoglycosides |
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Definition
| drugs that cause phospholipidosis and nephrotoxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic drinkin and cirrhosis predisposes liver to cancer, increased acetaldehyde could be metagenic or genotoxic |
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Term
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Definition
| third most common cancer and invariably fatal within one year |
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Term
| oral contraceptives and liver carcinoma |
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Definition
| estrogen compounds connected with benign liver tumors but unknown mechanism for that and liver carcinomas |
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