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| a substance that responds to shearing force by changes in shape |
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| an internal resistance to flow or deformation |
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| force exerted per unit area |
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| the most common unit for force |
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Give the name for these laws:
1. Pressure in a confined fluid is transmitted equally in all direction throughout the mass of that fluid.
2. Thre pressures at points lying in the same horizontal plane in a column of fluid are equal
3. In a fluid at rest, hydrostatic pressure increases in direction proportion to the depth below the free surface |
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| Pressure really only varies with __ |
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| U-shapped tube application |
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| a pressure is aplied to one side amounts to the net difference in the levels of two columns of mercury, saline, or water measured directly in millimeters or centimeters |
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| 1 mm Hg of mercury = __ of water |
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| 1mm Hg of mercury = ___ of blood |
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| __ is often used to measure high pressures |
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| viscosity remains constant when the velocity of flow chages |
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| Non-Newtonian fluid exhibits |
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| T/F Blood is a non-Newtonian fluid |
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| In the cardiovascular system, blood behaves as though it were a ___ |
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| Pressure in a blood vessel is a combination of hydraulic pressure and __ |
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| ___ produces hydraulic pressure |
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The Poiseuille-Hagen Equation show relationship between all of the following except:
A. Flow
B. Volume
C. Pressure
D. Resistance |
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| According to the Poiseuille's law, the volume of liquid flowing through a system per unit time is directly proportional to the difference between __ at the opposite ends of the system |
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| radius is proportional to __ in the Poiseuille-Hagen equation |
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| Length has what kind of effect on flow? |
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| Viscosity and length are directly proportional to __ |
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| resistance is inversley proportional to __ |
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| fourth power of the radius |
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| peripheral resistance units is calculated by ___ |
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| dividing the total driving pressure by flow |
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| When is the total resistance in the circuit equal to the sum of the individual resistances? |
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| In resistors in a series, the higher the resistance of a particular element, the __ the voltage drop across that element. |
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| total voltage drop is divided among the resistances |
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| In parallel resistances, the toatl amount of current that flow is the __ of the individual currents |
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| the total current is divided among the individual resistors in inverse proportion to their resistance |
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| T/F In a parallel resistance circuit, the total resistance of the circuit is greater than the resistance of any one element alone |
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capacitance and __ are inversley related
A. flow
B. height
C. resistance
D. pressure |
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| There is a __ in blood pressure from arteries to veins |
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Which of these does not command a larger portion of the cardiac output?
A. adrenal glands
B. Liver
C. GI
D. Kidneys
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Which set has the higest rate of blood flow?
A. Heart, brain, GI, muscles
B. GI, brain, heart, pancreas
C. Spleen, liver, GI, kidneys
D. kidneys, liver, heart, bain |
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Pick the following that have the highest & second highest relative flow rates:
A. Carotid bodies
B. Brain
C. Thyroid
D. Kidneys |
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| Maximum __ is reached along the central axis of a tube with blood flowing through it. |
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| Resistance in a fluid system depends heavily upon ___ |
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| In a severe anamenia, the viscsity of the blood is low showing the relationship between viscosity and __ |
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| A rise in hematocrit that will increase the viscosity (from 40% to 70%) twofold is seen in ___ |
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| True/False When the radius is smaller, the tension will be less |
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| A failing heart chamber (large radius) mus try to create a larger tension to balance the pressure so the heart chamber will get larger. This creates a __ cycle. |
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| laminar blood flow in a vessel |
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| The velocity of blood in the ascending portions of the canine aorta is about ___ cm/sec and will decrease in subsequent segments of the CV tree. |
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| When a fliud first enters a tube, flow is __ |
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| equal at all radial distances from the center of the tube |
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| Flow becomes more laminar as what happends? |
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| When is flow no longer streamlined? |
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| At flow rates above critical velocity stramline no longer exhists, but __ will. |
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| True/False In turbulent flwo, the pressure energy is used chiefly to overcome the viscosity of the fluid |
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| False -streamline flow would make the statement true |
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| Cross section area increases from arteries to __ |
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| Why wold we want lower velocity in capillaries? |
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| for gas exchange to occur |
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What are more likely to occue with turbulent flow?
A. murmurs
B. stenosis
C. tachycardia
D. blod clots |
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| law that determines how the fluid behaves at flow rates above the critical velocity |
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Laplace's law relates to (name all that are correct):
A. pressure
B. tension
C. velocity
D. radius |
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| The greater the contractile activity of the __, the smaller the diameter |
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| smooth muscle of the ateroile |
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| critical closing pressure |
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| the point where blood flow ceases becuse the vessel is closed |
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| In __ the tissues already ischemic due to low flow and are further threatened with sudden complete cessation of flow to certain capillary beds |
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