Term
Auer Rods
positive MPO.
(15,17)RAR. Increase risk of DIC |
|
Definition
| AML (acute promyclocytic leukemia) |
|
|
Term
| May arise from pre existing dysplasia (myelodysplastic) or alkylating/radiotherapy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other forms include Active monocytic (GUMS) and Acute megakaryocytic (Down syndrom before 5) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Mostly B cells
granulocytes
t 9,22 Bcr-Abl (tyrosine kinase)
Can become AML or ALL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Found in late adulthood, hypercellular, cause hyperuricemia and gout |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
JAK2
Causing hyperviscosity of blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment is phlebotomy/hydroxyurea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Imatinib is the treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Increase in Platelets
JAK2
increase BT/thrombosis
Rarely progresses to fibrosis
No risk of gout |
|
Definition
| Essential Thrombocythemia |
|
|
Term
Increase in Megakaryocytes
JAK2
Increase PDGF-marrow fibrosis
Splenomegaly
Leukoerythroblastic smear
Increase risk of infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
+tdt
Down syndrome after age 5
Usually seen in children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CD2-8 seen in teenagers with thymic mass |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
CD10,19,20
T(12,21) good prognosis in children
T(9,22) Bad prognosis in Adults
Metastisizes to the Brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cancer seen in greater than 60 year olds |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Smudge cells with proliferating centers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| can become small lymphocytic lymphoma (lymph nodes involved) or diffuse large B-cell |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increase in Warm IgG: Hypogammaglobineurea with autoimmune hemolysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Positive TRAP treated with 2CDA |
|
Definition
| Hairy Cell (Mature B cells) |
|
|
Term
| Mature CD4 T cells malignancy of the skin (Pautrier microabcesses) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| this malignancy disseminates into the blood from a skin rash |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Lympoid Cells
Late Adulthood
Diffuse extranodal presentation
Leukemic Stage
B symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
t 14,18
overexpression of Bcl2 (no apoptosis) = no macrophages
treated with ritiximab |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| t 11,14 cyclin D1:Ig heavy chains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Associated with autoimmune syndromes: hastimoto thyroiditis, sjogren syndrome and h. pylori |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| usually formed from a chronic infection. Maltoma in mucousal sites f/ H. pylori |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Only Child Non-hodkins lymphoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Associated with EBV infection (NHL) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| African form of Jaw cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cancer of the abdomen in american/sporadic form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common form of Non-Hodgkins lymphoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Very aggressive sporadic low grade lymphoma of late adulthood. Can come from Follicular of CLL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Reactive cells causing inflamation, young adults, staging guids therapy, B symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two markers found in Hodgkins |
|
Definition
| CD15 (leu-m) and CD30 (ki-1) |
|
|
Term
| Lucanur cell with, sclerosis, and most common form of Hodgkins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Best prognosis of all Hodgkins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increase in IL-5, eosinophilis, type of hodgkins with poor prognosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Worst prognosis of Hodgkins found in elderly and HIV+ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what cytokine is increased in Multiple Myeloma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bone Pain lytic punched out bone with Rouleaux formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Alamylodis with bence Jones portein (light chains) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increase M spike with no other symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are B cells found in lymph node |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are T cells found in a lymph node |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medulla cords of lymph nodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 factors causing lympoid Neoplasms |
|
Definition
| Chromosomal, Inherited, Virus, Environment, Iatrogenic |
|
|
Term
| Abrupt stormy onset causing deppression of the BM, bone pain/tenderness, lymphdenia/splenomegaly, CNS problems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What characterizes a poor prognosis in ALL |
|
Definition
<2 y/o
adolescence, adults
WBC >100k
Philadelphia chromosome 9 22 |
|
|
Term
| what characterizes a good prognosis in ALL |
|
Definition
2-10 y/o
low white
early pre-B |
|
|
Term
| Usually found asymptomatic, fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, with PROLYMPHOCYTES |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When CLL turns into diffuse Large B lymphoma |
|
Definition
| Richter syndrome with enlarged lymph nodes and spleen |
|
|
Term
| -tdt and is rapidly fatal and aggressive. Round/oval nucleus. Large sometimes Multilobed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Limited disease fare better, 60-80% remission with combo chemo |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increase in mitotic figures and apoptosis with starry sky |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Short term high dose chemo is usually able to be curable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Multifocal destructive bone tumor of plasma cells in skeletal system (vertebral) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common form of monoclonal tumor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flame cells, Mott Cells, Crytilline rods, globules, russell bodies or dutcher |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Generally poor prognosis of 6-12 months for untreated, Indolent can survive many years |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes End organ damage, type of plasma cell disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you need to diagnose Multiple Myeloma (3) |
|
Definition
Monoclonal Plasma cells in BM
M protein in serum
1 or more CRAB |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference of low and high M protein life expectancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
BM plama cell % >10
M protein >3 g/dl |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
BM plasma cell % <10
M protein <3 g/dl |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| >70 y/o black man associated symptoms of autoimmune, malignacy, neuropathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Nephrotic Syndrome
Fanconi Syndrome
Carpal Tunner SYndrome |
|
|
Term
| 1% risk of progression of Multiple Myeloma / year |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plasma cell malignancy with no organ system symptoms |
|
Definition
| Asymptomatic smoldering myeloma |
|
|
Term
What is the prognosis for a person with Multiple Myeloma:
<3.5 B2 microglobulin
>3.5 albumin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the prognosis for a person with Multiple Myeloma and >3.5 B2 microglobulin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hypercalcemia is found in what % of Myltiple Myelomas:
Polydypsia, nausea, constipation, confusion, drowsy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tx of Hypercalcemia in MM |
|
Definition
| Hydration and biphosphynates |
|
|
Term
| % of patients with renal MM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is renal MM caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 25% of MM patients die from this with in 6 months and 70% overall |
|
Definition
| Infections with encapsulated organisms |
|
|
Term
| Found in 90% of MM patients |
|
Definition
| BONE pain- decrease in osteoblasts-lytic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| biphosphanates (Zolendronic Acid) also surgery to correct vertebroplasy/kyphoplasty |
|
|
Term
| What scan is not approptiate becuase it only reflects osteoblasts in MM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of transplant is used in MM and is 4-6 cycles long |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 drugs used in Stem Cell transplant in MM |
|
Definition
| Thalidomide, Lenalidomide, Bertezomib, Dexamethsone |
|
|
Term
| Plasma cell neoplasm that secretes abnormal Ig's which deposit in various tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stain for Primary Amyloidosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Places Primary Amyloidosis is found |
|
Definition
Kidney, Liver, Heart, Nerves (peripheal), Sub Q.
In decreasing order |
|
|
Term
| What type of hypertension in Primary Amyloidosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enlarged red tongue (macroglossia) and preorbital purpura found in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6 things to diagnose Primary Amyloidosis |
|
Definition
M protein 90% serum and urine
Free light chain
Direct Biopsy
Brown Marrow and SUb Q fat pad biopsy 90%
Echocardiogram/renal ultrasound
Pro-BNP levels |
|
|
Term
| Survival rates of Primary amyloidosis |
|
Definition
13 months
heart = 4 months
peripheral = 2 months |
|
|
Term
| Presents as a "cold that doesnt go away" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Slightly irregular nuceli with condensed chromatin and scant cytoplams. Non paratrebecular aggregates of small lympocytes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is smudge cells DIagnostic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Large cell which is 5x larger than a small lymphocyte and a diffuse pattern of growth |
|
Definition
| Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma |
|
|
Term
| CD19, 20, 10, BCL6, surface Ig -tdt |
|
Definition
| Diffuse Large B cell lymphoma |
|
|
Term
| Most common serum monoclonal immunoglobulin is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOw are low grade lymphomas in NHL |
|
Definition
| Seldom curable but treatment is often delayed without consequence in some cases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Curable with 6-8 months of aggressive chemotherapy in about 50% of patients |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extremely aggressive and may be rapidly progressive and fatal if not recognized |
|
|
Term
| What treatment can be used in high grade/intermediate NHLs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chemical Exposure causing NHL |
|
Definition
| Diphenyhydantion, dioxin, solvents, radiation, chemo, |
|
|
Term
| Inherited immuno disease causing NHL |
|
Definition
Klinefelters
Chediak-higashi
Ataxia telangiectasia
Wiscott-aldrich
Common variable immuno syndrome |
|
|
Term
| Acqured immuno disease causing NHL |
|
Definition
| Iatrogenic, HIV, Hypogammaglobulinemia |
|
|
Term
| Autoimmune Disease causing NHL |
|
Definition
Sjogrens
non tropical sprue
RA
SLE |
|
|
Term
| All lympomas are caused by damage to what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| THe most recent and complete classification scheme |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diffuse or vaguely nodular pattern, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, peripheral blood involvement. Wide mantle zones with atrophic follicular centers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| H. pylori causes what type of NHL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common site of a MALToma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fever, night sweats, wt loss |
|
|
Term
| What are some testing for staging |
|
Definition
h and p
biopsy
blood counts
chest radiograph (CT)
CT of abdomen and pelvis
BM aspiration
xray |
|
|
Term
| Single lymph node region or a single extralymphatic organ or site (NHL) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 or more lymph node regions on same side of diaghragm, or on extralymphatic site on same side (NHL) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymph nodes on opposite sides, local disease of extralymphatic/spleen (nhl) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diffuse or disseminated involvment of on or more extralymphatic sites with or without lymph node involvement (NHL) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Localized disease (3 things) |
|
Definition
Ann Arbor 1 or 2
no tumors > 10cm
No B symptoms |
|
|
Term
| Advanced Disease (3 things) |
|
Definition
Ann Arbor 3 or 4
One tumor >10cm
B symptoms |
|
|
Term
| Internation Prognostic Index |
|
Definition
AGE
Performance status
Extranodal sites
LDH
Stage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
AGe
STAGE
Lymph node sites
HEMOGLOBIN LEVEL
LDH |
|
|
Term
| treatment goals for indolent lymphomas |
|
Definition
| maintain quality of life, wait for patient to become symptomatic |
|
|
Term
| Criteria for delaying treatment |
|
Definition
| Max size < 7 cm, less than 3 nodal sites, no systemic symptoms, no circulating lymphoma cells, no marrow compromise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elevated level is common in HL of advanced liver disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ESR nonspecific, 30% B symptoms, Pruritis precedes DX, hilar adenopathy. Contunuity spread through lymph nodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Skin rash that does not go away with antibiotics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymphocyte found in Mycosis Fungoides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Involvement a single lymph node (HL stage) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 or more lymph node regions on same side (HL stage) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lymph node regions on both sides of body, w/ or without splenic hilar, celiac, or portal nodes, with para aortic, iliac, mesenteric nodes HL STAGE |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Involvement of an extranodal site = E (HL stage) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| X BULKY DISEASE (3 things) |
|
Definition
>1/3 widening of the mediastinum
>10 cm maximum dimension of nodal mass
E involvment |
|
|
Term
| Stage 1 and 2 localized disease in HL (4 things) |
|
Definition
ESR >30
mixed cellularity or lymphocyte depleted
COnstitutional symptoms
Bulk Disease
4 sites on same side of diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| Unfavorable prognosis Labs in HL |
|
Definition
Low albumin and hemoglobin
Male
stage 4
WBC >15000
Low Lymphocyte count <600 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Long term effects of Radiation therapy |
|
Definition
Hypothyroidism
Radiation fibrosis
effusions
Late occuring solid tumors in field of irradiation
sterility |
|
|
Term
| Stage 3 or 4 therapy in HL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a grave sign in a patient with splenic injury |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common reason for slenectomy in the US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Causes ULQ ecchymosis, tenderness, to lateral posterior lower chest wall |
|
Definition
| Penetrating wound to left abdomen, flank, or thorax causing spleen damage (TRAUMA) |
|
|
Term
| Vital signs of emergent spleen injury |
|
Definition
| Hypotension with compensatory tachycardia |
|
|
Term
| Capsular rupture has 3 physical symptoms |
|
Definition
1. decreased bowl sounds
2. firm to rigid abdomen
3. rebound |
|
|
Term
| Gold standard for Spleen Radiology |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is increased in patients with a splenectomy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Repair of the spleen can be done if how much of the spleen is salvagable |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What metabolic abnormality is not responsive to splenectomy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hemoglobinopathy not very responsive to splenectomy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What leukemia is indicated and not indicated for Splenectomy |
|
Definition
Not - ACUTE
Indicated - CLL |
|
|
Term
| Removal of what in needed in hemolytic anemia's |
|
Definition
| all accessory spleens to cure disease |
|
|
Term
| Secondary hypersplenism caused by |
|
Definition
| Inflammation, lymphoma, drug abuse, aids |
|
|
Term
| Direction of spleen enlargement |
|
Definition
| Obliquely towards right iliac fossa and can reach left iliac crest |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shoulder pain -Kerrs
dullness on percussion- ballances |
|
|
Term
| what in alcoholics causes splenomegaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| LUQ may become filled with blood or fluid causing this infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MOst common pulmonary problem post splenectomy leading to pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Given to patient to prevent sepsis pre-operative for splenectomy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| sepsis can develop with in how much time post splenectomy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 major injuries causing splenectomy |
|
Definition
| Lacerations, fragmentation, hilar injury |
|
|
Term
| 1st sign of wound infection after splenectomy |
|
Definition
| tenderness upon palpation |
|
|
Term
| Signs of infection after surgery for splenectomy |
|
Definition
| FV, UTI, pneumonia, with tenderness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a shift to favor Myeloid cells mean |
|
Definition
| Rxn to infection or myeloproliferative process |
|
|
Term
| acute bacterial infection, pyogenic organisms cause what philia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Allergic disorders, skin disease, parasite infectiosn, collagen disorders cause what -philia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Myeloproliferateve disease cause what -philia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chronic infx's, bacterial endocarditis, rickettsia, malaria, collagen disease, and IBD cause what leukocytosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Advanced HIV
Therapy with glucocorticoids
cytotoxic drugs
autoimmune disorders
malnutrition |
|
|
Term
| Both myelodysplastic syndromes and chronic myeloproliferative disorders often transfrom into |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of AML is based on finding how many myeloid blast in BM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AML cells that are often folded or lobulated nuclie lacking auer rods and are peroxidase negative |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bleeding diathesis caused by thromobytopenia, petechia, ecchymoses, Procoagulants released by leukemic cells exacerbate bleeding (M3) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AML category with maturation of t 8,21 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| AML category with hypergranular, DIC, and t 15,17 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Good prognosis for AML is associated with what translocation and inversion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| erythroblasts with iron laden mitochondria visible as perinuclear granules in Prussian blue stained aspirate in Myelodysplastic syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nuetrophils with only 2 nuclear lobes, are seen in marrow and peripheral blood as well as giant platelets in myelodysplastic syndromes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Megakaryocytes with single nuclear lobes or multiple separate nuclei |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This phase of CML is marked by increasing anemia and throbocytopenia and peripheral blood basophilia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Accelerated phase of CML terminates as |
|
Definition
| Acute leukemia (blast crisis) |
|
|
Term
| Allogenic BM transplantation is most effective when performed in what CML stage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Large cells with multiple nuclei, single nucleus with multiple nuclear lobes, each with a large inclusion like nucleolus about the size of small lymphocyte |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lacunar cells and collagen bands with fibrosis. hypercellular is found in what type of HL |
|
Definition
| Nodular Sclerosis- excellent prognosis |
|
|
Term
| Diffuse effacement with heterogeneous cellular neoplastic cell. Type of HL. Large amounts of REED STERNBERG |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HL strongly associated with EBV with strong prognosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Polycythemia with Appropriate EPO caused by |
|
Definition
| Smoking, hypoxia, heart disease, obesity, |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Polycythemia with abnormal EPO |
|
Definition
| Hepatoma, uterine leiomyoma, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, hypernephroma, dydronephrosis |
|
|
Term
| EPO level in Polycythemia vera |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Allogenic BM transplantation is most effective when performed in what CML stage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Large cells with multiple nuclei, single nucleus with multiple nuclear lobes, each with a large inclusion like nucleolus about the size of small lymphocyte |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lacunar cells and collagen bands with fibrosis. hypercellular is found in what type of HL |
|
Definition
| Nodular Sclerosis- excellent prognosis |
|
|
Term
| Diffuse effacement with heterogeneous cellular neoplastic cell. Type of HL. Large amounts of REED STERNBERG |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HL strongly associated with EBV with strong prognosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary Polycythemia with Appropriate EPO caused by |
|
Definition
| Smoking, hypoxia, heart disease, obesity, |
|
|
Term
| Secondary Polycythemia with abnormal EPO |
|
Definition
| Hepatoma, uterine leiomyoma, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, hypernephroma, dydronephrosis |
|
|
Term
| EPO level in Polycythemia vera |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mutation in Polycythemia Vera |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extramedullary hematopoiesis, histamine pruritus, thrombosis, erythromelaigia, iron deficiency, gout |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Increase RBC mass
NOrmal O2 sat
Splenomegaly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Platelet <400k
WBC<12k
B12, B12BC and AP |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| phlebotomy, INF alpha, Hydrea, and avoid alkylating agents |
|
|
Term
| JAK2 mutation with and increase platelet count of over 1 mill |
|
Definition
| Essential Thrombocythemia |
|
|
Term
| Tx for essential thrombocythemia |
|
Definition
Hydroxyurea for JAK2 mutation
Anagrelide for no mutation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tear drop cells and nucleated RBC's in blood with Splenomegaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Androgens,
glucocorticoids,
hydrea
INF alpha
all transplant
transfusion |
|
|
Term
| Hypercellularity of the BM with all myeloid cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anticancer agents that work selectively on tumor cells actively cycling through the cell cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Anticancer drugs that work on tumor cells that are active in the cell cycling as well as cells in the resting phase. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The proportion of tumor cells that are actively dividing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The proportion of what log kill dose is constant dispite different tumor burden |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interact with DNA and are usually CCNS. Anthracene derevitives |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All antibiotics are CCNS except |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CCNS drugs, always needed one in therapy, disrupts DNA, for solid or blood tumors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CCS drugs, interfere with s phase and some M phase. Interact with purine or pyrimidines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Disrupt Mitotic spindle formation leading to chromosome disruption. Are cytotoxic |
|
Definition
| Microtubule inhibitors and stabalizers |
|
|
Term
| New class of antineoplastic agents that target topoisomerase 1, cytotoxic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Less sterility and second malignancy problems when compared to MOPP |
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Definition
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