Term
| What are major uses for whole blood? (3) |
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Definition
| autologous transfusion, cardiac surgery, or massive hemorrhage (>10 units req.) |
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Term
| What does whole blood provide when used for transfusion? (3) |
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Definition
| O2 carrying capacity, stable coagulation factors, and blood volume expansion |
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Term
| What is the benefit of using PRBCs vs. whole blood for transfusion? |
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Definition
| Provides O2 carrying capacity and red cell mass at a lower volume, good for neonates or CHFs when volume overload is a concern |
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Term
| In a typical adult, how does 1 PRBC unit affect lab values? |
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Definition
| raise Hb by 1g/dl or Hct by 3% to 4% (most common use is to raise Hct) |
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Term
| What does whole blood used for blood transfusion contain? |
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Definition
| RBCs, Plasma, and platelets |
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Term
| How is double red cell (2RBC) collected? |
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Definition
| Apheresis (get all plasma back w/ some saline to replace volume loss) |
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Term
| What are some pros/cons of double red cells? |
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Definition
| Pro: Recipient can get 2 RBC units from only 1 donor. Con: Can only donate q 112d. |
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Term
| what is the physiologic fxn of platelets? |
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Definition
| formation of primary hemostatic plug and provide surface for fibrin to form |
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Term
| How much can 1 dose of platelets raise the platelet count of the recipient? |
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Definition
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Term
| How often can one donate platelets? RBCs? |
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Definition
| Platelets: q 72hrs. RBC: q 56d. |
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Term
| What does Random Product of platelets mean? |
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Definition
| platelet expressed from a whole blood donation |
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Term
| What is an apheresis product of platelets? |
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Definition
| platelets collected from a single donor |
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Term
| What is the expiration date on a unit of blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| 5 signs of low platelets? |
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Definition
| 1) Petechiae 2) Easy bruising 3) Bleeding of mucus memb. 4) Bleeding of nose/gums 5) Hematuria |
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Term
| Name 5 conditions that cause decreased fxn of platelets. |
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Definition
| 1) Drugs (Plavix) 2) Liver/Kidney dz 3) Sepsis 4) CABG 5) Marrow d/o |
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Term
| Name 3 conditions that cause low platelet count. |
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Definition
| 1) Dec. production (affects BM - chemo, HIV) 2) Inc. destruction (pregnancy) 3) Spleen sequestration |
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Term
| What is the platelet goal when transfusion is done for therapeutic purposes? Goal when prophylactically tx chemo pts? |
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Definition
| >50,000. >10,000 to 20,000. |
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Term
| What is platelet refractoriness? |
|
Definition
| Poor response to platelet transfusion, usu. /p 2 doses. |
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Term
| Name 2 immune causes of platelet refractoriness? |
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Definition
| 1) Alloantibodies directed t/w class 1 HLA Ab 2) Autoantibodies in ITP |
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Term
| Name 4 non-immune causes for platelet refractoriness. |
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Definition
| 1) Infection 2) Splenomegally 3) Drugs 4) Inc. plt consumption |
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|
Term
| What is FFP? How often can it be donated? |
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Definition
| Fresh frozen plasma, can be donated q 28d by aphoresis (must be frozen w/i 6hrs to maintain coagulation factors) |
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Term
| Name 6 indications for FFP transfusion. |
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Definition
| 1) Warfarin reversal 2) Vit K def. 3) Inc. PT and/ot PTT 1.5X normal 4) DIC 5) TTP 6) Hereditary angeoedema |
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Term
| Should FFP be used to tx factor def.? |
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Definition
| No - use factor concentrates |
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Term
| What blood product do burn pts need the most of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is cryoprecipitated AHF? |
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Definition
| Concen. of high molecular weight plasma proteins, contains 250mg of fibrinogen and factor VIII |
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Term
| Name 3 uses for cryoprecipitated AHF. |
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Definition
| 1) Fibrin glue for surgery 2) Hemophilia A 3) von Willebrands dz |
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Term
| Which blood products must have ABO compatibility? In which products does ABO compatibility not matter? |
|
Definition
| Whole Blood - must be. RBCs, FFP may not need to be identical. Cryoprecipitated AHF - doesn't matter. |
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Term
| 4 criteria required for Granulocytes? |
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Definition
| 1) Neutropenia 2) Fever 24-48hrs, (+) bacterial or fungal culture, infxn unresponsive to Abx 3) Myeloid hypoplasia 4) Chance of recovery of BM fxn |
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Term
| Why do granulocytes have to be crossmatched and Rh compatible? What is the expiration date of granulocytes? |
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Definition
| Because they contain RBCs. 24hrs /p collection from donor. |
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Term
| Why do granulocytes have to be irradiated? |
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Definition
| to prevent Graft versus Host Disease (GVHD) |
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|
Term
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Definition
| A component w/ <5X10^6 residual donor leukocyte per final product |
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|
Term
| Name 3 indications for leukoreduction. |
|
Definition
| 1) Febrile non-hemolytic transfusion rxns 2) CMV transmission 3) HLA alloimmunization leading to a pt becoming refractory to plt products |
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