Term
Which stain is used to evaluate the following:
blood smears; bone marrow |
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Definition
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Term
Which stain is used to evaluate the following:
supravital stain; reticulocytes |
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Definition
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Term
Which stain is used to evaluate the following:
Iron stain; iron stored in cells in bone marrow |
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Definition
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Term
Are the following findings specific or non-specific?
Ovalocytes |
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Definition
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Term
Are the following findings specific or non-specific?
Target cells |
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Definition
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Term
Are the following findings specific or non-specific?
Sickle cell |
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Definition
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Term
Are the following findings specific or non-specific?
Malaria |
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Definition
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Term
Are the following findings specific or non-specific?
Schistocytes |
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Definition
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Term
Is the following normal or abnormal morphology:
Anisocytosis |
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Definition
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Term
Is the following normal or abnormal morphology:
Poikilocytosis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Pale blue-gray RBCs
-Reticulocytes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Normal RBC is size of small lymphocyte nucleus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
MCV > 100 fL
Increased size of RBC
Impaired DNA synthesis in nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
Decreased number of cellular divisions in immature RBCs
Increased RBC turnover
Changes in membrane lipids causes cell to spread-out |
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Term
Is the following an example where you would find microcytes or macrocytes?
Liver Disease |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
MCV less than 80 fL
Due to impaired hemoglobin synthesis
Any deprivation of hemoglobin molecules will cause increase in number of cell division |
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Term
Is the following an example where you would find microcytes or macrocytes?
Iron Deficiency Anemia |
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Definition
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Term
Is the following an example where you would find microcytes or macrocytes?
Thalassemia - involves globin chain |
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Definition
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Term
Is the following an example where you would find microcytes or macrocytes?
Lead Poisoning - interferes with heme synthesis |
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Definition
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Term
| Ovalocytes (Elliptocytes) |
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Definition
Rod or oval shaped
Oval shape increases as cell matures |
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Term
| Are ovalocytes a hereditary condition or an acquired conditions |
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Definition
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Term
| What are ovalocytes due to? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A protein in RBC membranes |
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Term
| Ovalocytes may be observed in (6) |
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Definition
Hereditary ovalocytosis - if majority are oval
Sickle cell anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
RBC enzyme deficiencies
Pernicious anemia as macro-ovalocytes
Miscellaneous anemia – non-specific |
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Term
| Sickle Cell (Drepanocytes) |
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Definition
Abnormal Hemoglobin S produces tactoids
RBC is sickle shaped
Amino acid sequence
Decreased solubility
Homozygous causes severe hemolytic anemia |
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Term
| Sickling occurs when ____ ____ ____ |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
Heterozygous Sickle Cells have both normal AND abnormal hemoglobin |
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Definition
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Term
| Should you report sickle cells even if only a small number are observed? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are sickle cells specific for sickle cell disease? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Small spherical cells with pointed irregular spaced projections radiating from the cell tips
Tips may be bent back or are bulb-like
3 or more blunt spicules of uneven length
Cells have no central pallor
Membranes have altered lipid content
Increased cholesterol
Have a normal life span
Slightly decreased osmotic fragility |
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Term
| What are acanthocytes observed in (4): |
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Definition
Liver disease
Congenital Abetaproteinemia - rare
Alcoholic liver disease
Post splenectomy |
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Term
| Echinocytes (Burr/Crenated Cells) |
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Definition
Sea Urchin
10-30 rounded spicules evenly placed over the surface of the RBC
Projections may be even, sharp and random |
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Term
| What are Echinocytes due to? |
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Definition
Change in tonicity of cell
-Cation imbalance
-(+ charges- sodium and potassium) |
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Term
| What are Echinocytes observed in (5): |
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Definition
Liver disease
Uremia (increase in blood urea due to kidney disease)
Dehydration
Peptic ulcers
Burr Cell |
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Term
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Definition
Fragments are formed as RBC is abnormally destroyed
Extreme form of RBC fragmentation
RBC may become damaged as squeezes through small damaged vessel |
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Term
| Schistocytes are due to what conditions: |
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Definition
Coagulation defects such as DIC
Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
Heart-valve hemolysis
Severe burns
Heat damages the membrane spectrin
Uremia |
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Term
| What causes RBCs to be broken down into pieces? |
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Definition
| Fibrin or Thrombin in the vessel |
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Term
True or False:
Any observation of Schistocytes is important to the physician |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the Helmet cell a variant form of Schistocytes? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Round cell with a single elongated or pointed extremity
Pear-shaped |
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Term
| Tear Drop Cells may be observed in (3): |
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Definition
Myelofibrosis (fibrous material in bone marrow)
Extra-medullary hematopoiesis
Enlarged spleen or removal of inclusion from a cell by spleen
---Macrophages try to grab RBC but RBC escapes |
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Term
| Central pallor greater than 3 µL |
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Definition
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Term
| What is hypochromasia due to? |
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Definition
| Impaired hemoglobin synthesis |
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Term
| Is hypochromasia usually observed in Microcytosis or Macrocytosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you measure Hypochromasia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Could Hypochromasia be observed due to a water artifact? |
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Definition
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Term
True or False:
If increased number of polychromasia is observed it indicates the bone marrow is increasing output of cells |
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Definition
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Term
| Which four conditions will you find the highest number of polychromasia observed in? |
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Definition
Post hemorrhage
Hemolytic anemia
Significant loss of red blood cells
Following treatment of iron deficiency anemia |
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Term
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Definition
Membrane defect
RBCs have no central pallor
MCV ~80 fL
MCHC > 36%
Hyperchromic (only cell described this way)
Decreased surface area to volume ratio
Causes extra-vascular hemolysis
Spleen removes with macrophage |
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Term
| With spherocytosis how do the cells lose part of their membrane? |
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Definition
| ABY attachment or genetic defect of membrane |
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Term
True or False:
Any observation of spherocytes is clinically significant |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 conditions may Spherocytosis be due to? |
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Definition
Hereditary spherocytosis
Immune hemolytic anemia |
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