Term
|
Definition
Contains no granules
Cytoplasm is navy or royal blue
Mature cytoplasm is pink |
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|
Term
| What are the primary responsibilities of RBCs |
|
Definition
Carry oxygen from lung to tissues
Oxygen is attached to hemoglobin
Return CO2 to lungs
Buffers the blood pH |
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Term
|
Definition
Occurs in the bone marrow
Complex, regulated process for maintaining adequate numbers of RBCs in peripheral blood
Over 5 days, reductions and divisions occur going from blast to mature RBC |
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Term
| _____ gives rise to the earliest identifiable colony of RBC |
|
Definition
Burst-Forming Unit-Erythroid
CFU-GEMM |
|
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Term
| Burst-Forming Unit-Erythroid |
|
Definition
produces a large multiclustered colony
16 or more clusters
Few receptors for erythropoietin (EPO)
Develop into CFU-E colonies |
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Term
|
Definition
Produced by renal cells (kidney) due to stimulation by oxygen tension
Small amount produced in liver
Prevents apoptosis (cell death) of erythroid precursors
Induces hemoglobin synthesis
A differentiation factor causing CFU-E to differentiate into pronormoblasts |
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Term
|
Definition
Has many receptor sites for EPO
Proliferate into pronormoblasts
Earliest recognizable erythrocyte precursors in the bone marrow
Erythropoietin (EPO) |
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Term
|
Definition
| young erythrocytes with residual RNA but no nucleus |
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|
Term
| Normoblasts or erythroblasts |
|
Definition
| nucleated erythrocyte precursors in the bone marrow |
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Term
| How long do reticulocytes circulate in the blood before becoming mature RBCs? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens as RBCs mature? |
|
Definition
-Decrease in cell size
-Loss of nucleoli
-Nucleus condenses and is excluded
-Reticulocyte is released into circulation through the endothelial cells of BM in venous sinuses
-Cytoplasm color changes from deeply basophilic to orange-red color
-Hemoglobin production increases |
|
|
Term
| Pronormoblast / Rubriblast |
|
Definition
Earliest recognizable cell
1% of BM cells
Homogeneous nucleus with nucleoli and chromatin strands
Nucleus stains reddish-blue
Royal blue/navy cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| Basophilic Normoblast / Prorubricyte |
|
Definition
Nuclear material has begun to coarsen
Nucleoli not evident
Parachromatin evident
More RNA and hemoglobin
Cytoplasm may have patches of pink
Perinuclear halo may be apparent
1-4% of BM cells |
|
|
Term
| Polychromatic Normoblast / Rubricyte |
|
Definition
Nuclear chromatin is thickened and irregularly condensed
Pyknotic areas
Nucleoli no longer visible
Nucleus is eccentric
Cytoplasm is gray-blue
10-20% BM cells
Not normally seen in peripheral blood |
|
|
Term
| Orthochromatic Normoblast / Metarubricyte |
|
Definition
Incapable of further DNA synthesis
Nucleus is small and dense
Round or bizarre shaped
Will soon be extruded
Cytoplasm is blue -pink-orange
Increased hemoglobin synthesis
5-10% BM cells
Not normally in peripheral blood of adults |
|
|
Term
| Polychromatic Erythrocyte / Reticulocyte |
|
Definition
Nucleus has been extruded
Cytoplasm is diffusely basophilic
Larger than mature erythrocyte
Contains 2/3 of total hemoglobin
When stained with New Methylene Blue are called Reticulocytes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Thin central pallor
Biconcave disc, 6-8 µL
Pliable, deformable
Color is pink to orange
No residual RNA
Does not synthesize protein |
|
|
Term
| 65% of cell hemoglobin is made during the ______ stage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 35% of cell hemoglobin is made during the ______ stage |
|
Definition
| Reticulocyte (polychromatic) |
|
|
Term
| What is the life span of a RBC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| RBCs loss of deformability is due to what? |
|
Definition
-Decrease of glycolyic enzymes
-As energy is depleted, calcium is no longer pumped out of the cell
-Calcium builds up and prevents the cell from deforming |
|
|
Term
| What will remove the old RBCs and how? |
|
Definition
Spleen
Macrophages in the spleen will engulf and digest with lysosomes |
|
|
Term
| About _____% of aged erythrocyte destruction is extravascular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10% of erythrocyte destruction is ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hemoglobin molecule is broken down into components
Iron is returned by _______ to bone marrow |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hemoglobin molecule is broken down into components
Globin is broken down and returned to ____ ___ ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hemoglobin molecule is broken down into components
______ ring is broken down and is converted to ______ in liver and is eliminated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Approximately ____% of the total RBCs are removed from circulation on a DAILY Basis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These red cells are replaced by approximately 1% of the younger RBCs reticulocytes from the ___ ____ ______ |
|
Definition
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