Term
| Convert XIII into XIIIa and Fibrinogen to Fibrin |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 Phases of Fibrin formation |
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Definition
proteolysis
polymerization
stabilization |
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Term
| Thrombin's cleaving of fibrinogen to fibrin results in a ___ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| The fibrin monomer is broken down into two parts |
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Definition
Fibrinopeptide A
Fibrinopeptide B |
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Term
| Fibrin monomers polymerize end-to-end due to ___ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibrin monomers are linked covalently by factor ____ into fibrin polymers |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibrin solution is converted to a gel after ____ of fibrinogen is converted to fibrin |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibrin polymers form a ___ ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Factor XIIIa introduces ___ ___ within the polymerized fibrin network |
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Definition
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Term
| This cross-linking of factor XIIIa makes the fibrin more ___ and ___ ___ to lysis by fibrinolytic agents |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibrin forms a ___ ___ over the injured area, ____ the platelet plug, and ___ __ the wound |
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Definition
loose covering
reinforces
closes off |
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Term
| As the fibrin filaments gather around the aggregated platelets, the platelets send out ___ ___ that attach to the fibrin and pull the fibers closer together |
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Definition
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Term
| Physiologic process that removes insoluble fibrin deposits by enzymatic digestion of the stabilized fibrin polymer |
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Definition
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Term
| As healing occurs, the clots themselves are dissolved by ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Plasmin digests ___ and ___ by ___ to produce progressively smaller fragments |
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Definition
fibrin
fibrinogen
hydrolysis |
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Term
| ____ ____ ciruclates in the plasma until an injury occurs |
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Definition
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|
Term
T or F:
Once activated Plasminogen -> plasmin |
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Definition
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Term
| Referred to as plasminogen activators |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Thrombin
Kallikrein
Factor XIa
Factor XIIa |
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Term
| 2 types of tissue activators |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA)
Urokinase |
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Term
Urinary activator of plasminogen
- minute amounts are produced |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary activator within the vascular system |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Streptokinase
APSAC (Acyl-plasminogen streptokinase activator complex) |
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|
Term
T or F:
APSAC is used in heart caths |
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Definition
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|
Term
| With the initiation of the contact phase of coagulation ___ __, ___ ___, ___, and __ __ __ __ interact to yield plasminogen-activating ability |
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Definition
Factor XIa
XIIa fragments
kallikrein
HMWK |
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Term
| T or F: Plasmin cannot distinguish between fibrinogen and fibrin |
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Definition
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Term
| Plasmin breaks fibrin(ogen) down into what? |
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Definition
Fibrin degradation products
Fibrin split products |
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Term
| FDP/FSP will be eliminated by the ___ or ___ ___ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Plasmin stops the coagulation cascade by inactivating factors __, ___, and ___ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Fibrinogen or fibrin is first broken down into a ____ monomer |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Final split products are __ and ___ that are generated from one molecule of fibrinogen |
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Definition
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Term
| __, __, ___, ___ fragments interfere with hemostasis |
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Definition
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Term
| How do the X,Y,D,E fragments interfere with hemostasis (3) |
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Definition
Exert an anti-thrombin effect
Interfere with fibrin monomer polymerization
Interfere with platelet aggregation |
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|
Term
| Plasmin Destroys _____/___, Produces _____, Produces ____ |
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Definition
Fibrinogen/fibrin
FDPs
D-Dimer |
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|
Term
Increases vascular permeability
Interferes with thrombin-induced fibrin formation |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A degradation product specifically derived from cross-linked stabilized fibrin polymer |
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Definition
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|
Term
Measures the action of plasmin on fibrin/fibrinogen
Fragments X,Y,D,E |
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Definition
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|
Term
Detects the action of plasmin on cross-linked fibrin
Present only after factor XIII has stabilized fibrin |
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Definition
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|
Term
| D-Dimer Test confirms that ___ __ _____ has taken place |
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Definition
| Activation of coagulation |
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Term
| Plasmin must be inhibited to prevent ___ __ ___ ___ and thus prevent vessel healing |
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Definition
| degradation of circulating fibrinogen |
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Term
| 2 Primary inhibitors that inhibit excess formation of plasmin |
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Definition
Alpha-2 plasmin
Alpha-2 macroglobulin |
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|
Term
| 2 Types of Fibrin/Fibrinogen Lysis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Rare abnormal condition
Plasmin attacks fibrinogen when no clotting has occurred |
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Definition
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|
Term
Excess activators often due to tumor at production site
Impaired inhibitors |
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Definition
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|
Term
Normal reaction to clot
May be abnormal excess fibrinolysis called DIC
Something activates clotting besides a vessel tear |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Secondary Fibrinolysis:
_____ ___ is released or contact activation of factor ___ occurs |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 Disease due to lack of inhibitors to coagulation |
|
Definition
Antithrombin III deficiency
Protein C deficiency
Protein S deficiency |
|
|
Term
Inherited condition
Hypercoagulable blood that clots if body or vessels are stressed |
|
Definition
| Anti-Thrombin III deficiency |
|
|
Term
| Anti-Thrombin deficiency may be due to |
|
Definition
Oral contraceptives
Pregnancy
Surgery |
|
|
Term
| Protein ____ enhances the reaction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If either Protein C or S is deficient, the patient will get ___ ___ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| This Deficiency is connected to clots occurring when there is no movement for several hours |
|
Definition
| Protein C or S Deficiency |
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|
Term
Protein C or S Deficiency:
Tthrombomodulin/thrombin complex activates protein C this inhibits the coagulation cascade by inhibits factors ___ and ___ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Routine fibrinolysis therapy includes(4) |
|
Definition
Heparin
Coumadin or warfarin
Anti-platelet drugs
Thrombolytic drugs |
|
|
Term
| What are Thrombolytic Drugs commonly referred to as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 commonly prescribed Thrombolytic Drugs are |
|
Definition
streptokinase
urokinase
Tissue plasminogen activator |
|
|
Term
Given by IV or injected directly into the clot or infarct
Not antigenic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ is better than streptokinase but is more expensive |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Works only on clotted surface
No systemic activation
Produced from recombinant DNA
VERY expensive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aspirin irreversibly inhibits ___ __ by blocking ____ in the platelet |
|
Definition
thromboxane A2
Cyclooxygenase |
|
|
Term
| Ibuprofen inhibits thromboxane, but __ ___ |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Given after the clot occurs or to prevent future clot
Given orally |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Coumadin or Warfarin take up to ___ hours to affect factors |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Monitor Coumadin or Warfarin with the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coumadin or Warfarin impairs the synthesis of factors __, __, __, ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Coumadin or Warfarin:
The factors are produced but are __ __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coumadin or Warfarin: Factor ___ is affected first |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A mucopolysaccharide isolated from the lung (usually beef or pork) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heparin binds to ____ __ and inactivates factors __,__,__,__,__ to turn off coagulation |
|
Definition
Anti-Thrombin III
II
IX
X
XI
XII |
|
|
Term
T or F:
Heparin is most commonly given by IV but may be given IM |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heparin's effect is ___ ___ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T or F:
Heparin - All tissues must be saturated before it binds appropriately to AT-III |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heparin should be given for no more than ___ days, __-___ is recommended |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Too much _______ is lethal and monitoring is critical |
|
Definition
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